Compounds and methods for reducing ATXN2 expression

ABSTRACT

Provided are compounds, methods, and pharmaceutical compositions for reducing the amount or activity of ATXN2 RNA in a cell or animal, and in certain instances reducing the amount of Ataxin-2 protein in a cell or animal. Such compounds, methods, and pharmaceutical compositions are useful to ameliorate at least one symptom or hallmark of a neurodegenerative disease. Such symptoms and hallmarks include ataxia, neuropathy, and aggregate formation. Such neurodegenerative diseases include spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and parkinsonism.

SEQUENCE LISTING

The present application is being filed along with a Sequence Listing in electronic format. The Sequence Listing is provided as a file entitled BIOL0321USSEQ_ST25.txt, created on Jul. 24, 2019, which is 847 KB in size. The information in the electronic format of the sequence listing is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD

Provided are compounds, methods, and pharmaceutical compositions for reducing the amount or activity of ATXN2 RNA in a cell or animal, and in certain instances reducing the amount of Ataxin-2 protein in a cell or animal. Such compounds, methods, and pharmaceutical compositions are useful to ameliorate at least one symptom or hallmark of a neurodegenerative disease. Such symptoms and hallmarks include ataxia, neuropathy, and aggregate formation. Such neurodegenerative diseases include spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and parkinsonism.

BACKGROUND

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive functional and cell loss of neurons in the cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord. The cause of SCA2 is CAG expansion in the ATXN2 gene resulting in polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in the ataxin-2 protein. Patients with SCA2 are characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, slow saccadic eye movements and other neurologic features such as neuropathy (Pulst, S. M. (ed.), Genetics of Movement Disorders. Elsevier, Inc., Amsterdam, 2003, pp. 19-34.). Moderate CAG expansion in the ATXN2 gene is also associated with parkinsonism or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) indistinguishable from the idiopathic forms of these diseases (Kim et al., Arch. Neurol., 2007, 64: 1510-1518; Ross et al., Hum. Mol. Genet., 2011, 20: 3207-3212; Corrado et al., Hum. Genet., 2011, 130: 575-580; Elden et al., Nature, 2010, 466: 1069-1075; Van Damme et al., Neurology, 2011, 76: 2066-2072).

The pathogenic functions of polyQ disease proteins that occur with polyQ expansion may be attributed to the gain of toxicity associated with the development of intranuclear inclusion bodies or with soluble toxic oligomers (Lajoie et al., PLoS One, 2011, 5: e15245). While SCA2 patient brains are characterized by loss of Purkinje cells, SCA2 Purkinje cells lack inclusion bodies indicating polyQ-expanded ataxin-2 may cause toxicity that is unrelated to inclusion body formation (Huynh et al., Ann. Neurol., 1999, 45: 232-241). Functions gained in polyQ-expanded ataxin-2 may include anomalous accumulation in Golgi bodies (Huynh et al., Hum. Mol. Genet., 2003, 12: 1485-1496), gain-of-normal functions (Duvick et al., Neuron, 2010, 67: 929-935) and sequestering of transcription factors (TFs) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase like for other polyQ proteins (Yamanaka et al., Methods Mol. Biol., 2010: 648, 215-229; Koshy et al., Hum. Mol. Genet., 1996, 5: 1311-1318; Burke et al., Nat. Med., 1996, 2: 347-350). Some normal functions of ataxin-2 have been characterized. Ataxin-2 is present in stress granules and P-bodies suggesting functions in sequestering mRNAs and protein translation regulation during stress (Nonhoff et al., Mol. Biol. Cell, 2007, 18: 1385-1396). Ataxin-2 overexpression interfered with the P-body assembly, while underexpression interfered with stress granule assembly (Nonhoff et al., Mol. Biol. Cell, 2007, 18: 1385-1396). Interactions with polyA-binding protein 1, the RNA splicing factor A2BP1/Fox1 and polyribosomes further support roles for ataxin-2 in RNA metabolism (Shibata et al., Hum. Mol. Genet., 2000, 9: 1303-1313; Ciosk et al., Development, 2004, 131: 4831-4841; Satterfield et al., Hum. Mol. Genet., 2006, 15: 2523-2532). Ataxin-2 is a regulator of EGF receptor internalization and signaling by the way of its interactions with SRC kinase and the endocytic protein CIN85 (Nonis et al., Cell Signal., 2008, 20: 1725-1739). Ataxin-2 also interacts with the ALS-related protein TDP-43 in an RNA-dependent manner and familial and sporadic ALS associates with the occurrence of long normal CAG repeat expansion ATXN2 (Elden et al., Nature, 2010, 466: 1069-1075; Van Damme et al., Neurology, 2011, 76: 2066-2072).

Currently there is a lack of acceptable options for treating such neurodegenerative diseases. It is therefore an object herein to provide methods for the treatment of such diseases.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Provided herein are compounds, methods, and pharmaceutical compositions for reducing the amount or activity of ATXN2 RNA, and in certain embodiments reducing the amount of Ataxin-2 protein in a cell or animal. In certain embodiments, the animal has a neurodegenerative disease. In certain embodiments, the animal has spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or parkinsonism. In certain embodiments, compounds useful for reducing expression of ATXN2 RNA are oligomeric compounds. In certain embodiments, the oligomeric compound comprises a modified oligonucleotide.

Also provided are methods useful for ameliorating at least one symptom or hallmark of a neurodegenerative disease. In certain embodiments, the neurodegenerative disease is SCA2, ALS, or parkinsonism. In certain embodiments symptoms and hallmarks include ataxia, neuropathy, and aggregate formation. In certain embodiments, amelioration of these symptoms results in improved motor function, reduced neuropathy, and reduction in number of aggregates.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive. Herein, the use of the singular includes the plural unless specifically stated otherwise. As used herein, the use of “or” means “and/or” unless stated otherwise. Furthermore, the use of the term “including” as well as other forms, such as “includes” and “included”, is not limiting. Also, terms such as “element” or “component” encompass both elements and components comprising one unit and elements and components that comprise more than one subunit, unless specifically stated otherwise.

The section headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the subject matter described. All documents, or portions of documents, cited in this application, including, but not limited to, patents, patent applications, articles, books, and treatises, are hereby expressly incorporated-by-reference for the portions of the document discussed herein, as well as in their entirety.

DEFINITIONS

Unless specific definitions are provided, the nomenclature used in connection with, and the procedures and techniques of, analytical chemistry, synthetic organic chemistry, and medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry described herein are those well known and commonly used in the art. Where permitted, all patents, applications, published applications and other publications and other data referred to throughout in the disclosure are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

Unless otherwise indicated, the following terms have the following meanings:

As used herein, “2′-deoxynucleoside” means a nucleoside comprising a 2′-H(H) deoxyribosy sugar moiety, as found in naturally occurring deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA). In certain embodiments, a 2′-deoxynucleoside may comprise a modified nucleobase or may comprise an RNA nucleobase (uracil).

As used herein, “2′-substituted nucleoside” means a nucleoside comprising a 2′-substituted sugar moiety. As used herein, “2′-substituted” in reference to a sugar moiety means a sugar moiety comprising at least one 2′-substituent group other than H or OH.

As used herein, “5-methyl cytosine” means a cytosine modified with a methyl group attached to the 5 position. A 5-methyl cytosine is a modified nucleobase.

As used herein, “administering” means providing a pharmaceutical agent to an animal.

As used herein, “animal” means a human or non-human animal.

As used herein, “antisense activity” means any detectable and/or measurable change attributable to the hybridization of an antisense compound to its target nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, antisense activity is a decrease in the amount or expression of a target nucleic acid or protein encoded by such target nucleic acid compared to target nucleic acid levels or target protein levels in the absence of the antisense compound.

As used herein, “antisense compound” means an oligomeric compound capable of achieving at least one antisense activity.

As used herein, “ameliorate” in reference to a treatment means improvement in at least one symptom relative to the same symptom in the absence of the treatment. In certain embodiments, amelioration is the reduction in the severity or frequency of a symptom or the delayed onset or slowing of progression in the severity or frequency of a symptom. In certain embodiments, the symptom or hallmark is ataxia, neuropathy, and aggregate formation. In certain embodiments, amelioration of these symptoms results in improved motor function, reduced neuropathy, or reduction in number of aggregates.

As used herein, “bicyclic nucleoside” or “BNA” means a nucleoside comprising a bicyclic sugar moiety.

As used herein, “bicyclic sugar” or “bicyclic sugar moiety” means a modified sugar moiety comprising two rings, wherein the second ring is formed via a bridge connecting two of the atoms in the first ring thereby forming a bicyclic structure. In certain embodiments, the first ring of the bicyclic sugar moiety is a furanosyl moiety. In certain embodiments, the bicyclic sugar moiety does not comprise a furanosyl moiety.

As used herein, “cleavable moiety” means a bond or group of atoms that is cleaved under physiological conditions, for example, inside a cell, an animal, or a human.

As used herein, “complementary” in reference to an oligonucleotide means that at least 70% of the nucleobases of the oligonucleotide or one or more regions thereof and the nucleobases of another nucleic acid or one or more regions thereof are capable of hydrogen bonding with one another when the nucleobase sequence of the oligonucleotide and the other nucleic acid are aligned in opposing directions. Complementary nucleobases means nucleobases that are capable of forming hydrogen bonds with one another. Complementary nucleobase pairs include adenine (A) and thymine (T), adenine (A) and uracil (U), cytosine (C) and guanine (G), 5-methyl cytosine (mC) and guanine (G). Complementary oligonucleotides and/or nucleic acids need not have nucleobase complementarity at each nucleoside. Rather, some mismatches are tolerated. As used herein, “fully complementary” or “100% complementary” in reference to oligonucleotides means that oligonucleotides are complementary to another oligonucleotide or nucleic acid at each nucleoside of the oligonucleotide.

As used herein, “conjugate group” means a group of atoms that is directly attached to an oligonucleotide. Conjugate groups include a conjugate moiety and a conjugate linker that attaches the conjugate moiety to the oligonucleotide.

As used herein, “conjugate linker” means a single bond or a group of atoms comprising at least one bond that connects a conjugate moiety to an oligonucleotide.

As used herein, “conjugate moiety” means a group of atoms that is attached to an oligonucleotide via a conjugate linker.

As used herein, “contiguous” in the context of an oligonucleotide refers to nucleosides, nucleobases, sugar moieties, or internucleoside linkages that are immediately adjacent to each other. For example, “contiguous nucleobases” means nucleobases that are immediately adjacent to each other in a sequence.

As used herein, “constrained ethyl” or “cEt” or “cEt modified sugar” means a β-D ribosyl bicyclic sugar moiety wherein the second ring of the bicyclic sugar is formed via a bridge connecting the 4′-carbon and the 2′-carbon of the β-D ribosyl sugar moiety, wherein the bridge has the formula 4′-CH(CH₃)—O-2′, and wherein the methyl group of the bridge is in the S configuration.

As used herein, “cEt nucleoside” means a nucleoside comprising cEt modified sugar.

As used herein, “chirally enriched population” means a plurality of molecules of identical molecular formula, wherein the number or percentage of molecules within the population that contain a particular stereochemical configuration at a particular chiral center is greater than the number or percentage of molecules expected to contain the same particular stereochemical configuration at the same particular chiral center within the population if the particular chiral center were stereorandom. Chirally enriched populations of molecules having multiple chiral centers within each molecule may contain one or more stereorandom chiral centers. In certain embodiments, the molecules are modified oligonucleotides. In certain embodiments, the molecules are compounds comprising modified oligonucleotides.

As used herein, “gapmer” means a modified oligonucleotide comprising an internal region having a plurality of nucleosides that support RNase H cleavage positioned between external regions having one or more nucleosides, wherein the nucleosides comprising the internal region are chemically distinct from the nucleoside or nucleosides comprising the external regions. The internal region may be referred to as the “gap” and the external regions may be referred to as the “wings.” Unless otherwise indicated, “gapmer” refers to a sugar motif. Unless otherwise indicated, the sugar moieties of the nucleosides of the gap of a gapmer are unmodified 2′-deoxyribosyl. Thus, the term “MOE gapmer” indicates a gapmer having a sugar motif of 2′-MOE nucleosides in both wings and a gap of 2′-deoxynucleosides. Unless otherwise indicated, a MOE gapmer may comprise one or more modified internucleoside linkages and/or modified nucleobases and such modifications do not necessarily follow the gapmer pattern of the sugar modifications.

As used herein, “hotspot region” is a range of nucleobases on a target nucleic acid amenable to oligomeric compound-mediated reduction of the amount or activity of the target nucleic acid.

As used herein, “hybridization” means the pairing or annealing of complementary oligonucleotides and/or nucleic acids. While not limited to a particular mechanism, the most common mechanism of hybridization involves hydrogen bonding, which may be Watson-Crick, Hoogsteen or reversed Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding, between complementary nucleobases.

As used herein, the term “internucleoside linkage” is the covalent linkage between adjacent nucleosides in an oligonucleotide. As used herein “modified internucleoside linkage” means any internucleoside linkage other than a phosphodiester internucleoside linkage. “Phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage” is a modified internucleoside linkage in which one of the non-bridging oxygen atoms of a phosphodiester internucleoside linkage is replaced with a sulfur atom.

As used herein, “linker-nucleoside” means a nucleoside that links, either directly or indirectly, an oligonucleotide to a conjugate moiety. Linker-nucleosides are located within the conjugate linker of an oligomeric compound. Linker-nucleosides are not considered part of the oligonucleotide portion of an oligomeric compound even if they are contiguous with the oligonucleotide.

As used herein, “non-bicyclic modified sugar moiety” means a modified sugar moiety that comprises a modification, such as a substituent, that does not form a bridge between two atoms of the sugar to form a second ring.

As used herein, “mismatch” or “non-complementary” means a nucleobase of a first oligonucleotide that is not complementary with the corresponding nucleobase of a second oligonucleotide or target nucleic acid when the first and second oligonucleotide are aligned.

As used herein, “MOE” means methoxyethyl. “2′-MOE” or “2′-MOE modified sugar” means a 2′-OCH₂CH₂OCH₃ group in place of the 2′-OH group of a ribosyl sugar moiety. As used herein, “2′-MOE nucleoside” means a nucleoside comprising a 2′-MOE modified sugar.

As used herein, “motif” means the pattern of unmodified and/or modified sugar moieties, nucleobases, and/or internucleoside linkages, in an oligonucleotide.

As used herein, “neurodegenerative disease” means a condition marked by progressive loss of function or structure, including loss of motor function and death of neurons. In certain embodiments, the neurodegenerative disease is spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or parkinsonism.

As used herein, “nucleobase” means an unmodified nucleobase or a modified nucleobase. As used herein an “unmodified nucleobase” is adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), uracil (U), or guanine (G). As used herein, a “modified nucleobase” is a group of atoms other than unmodified A, T, C, U, or G capable of pairing with at least one unmodified nucleobase. A “5-methyl cytosine” is a modified nucleobase. A universal base is a modified nucleobase that can pair with any one of the five unmodified nucleobases. As used herein, “nucleobase sequence” means the order of contiguous nucleobases in a nucleic acid or oligonucleotide independent of any sugar or internucleoside linkage modification.

As used herein, “nucleoside” means a compound comprising a nucleobase and a sugar moiety. The nucleobase and sugar moiety are each, independently, unmodified or modified. As used herein, “modified nucleoside” means a nucleoside comprising a modified nucleobase and/or a modified sugar moiety. Modified nucleosides include abasic nucleosides, which lack a nucleobase. “Linked nucleosides” are nucleosides that are connected in a contiguous sequence (i.e., no additional nucleosides are presented between those that are linked).

As used herein, “oligomeric compound” means an oligonucleotide and optionally one or more additional features, such as a conjugate group or terminal group. An oligomeric compound may be paired with a second oligomeric compound that is complementary to the first oligomeric compound or may be unpaired. A “singled-stranded oligomeric compound” is an unpaired oligomeric compound. The term “oligomeric duplex” means a duplex formed by two oligomeric compounds having complementary nucleobase sequences. Each oligomeric compound of an oligomeric duplex may be referred to as a “duplexed oligomeric compound.”

As used herein, “oligonucleotide” means a strand of linked nucleosides connected via internucleoside linkages, wherein each nucleoside and internucleoside linkage may be modified or unmodified. Unless otherwise indicated, oligonucleotides consist of 8-50 linked nucleosides. As used herein, “modified oligonucleotide” means an oligonucleotide, wherein at least one nucleoside or internucleoside linkage is modified. As used herein, “unmodified oligonucleotide” means an oligonucleotide that does not comprise any nucleoside modifications or internucleoside modifications.

As used herein, “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent” means any substance suitable for use in administering to an animal. Certain such carriers enable pharmaceutical compositions to be formulated as, for example, tablets, pills, dragees, capsules, liquids, gels, syrups, slurries, suspension and lozenges for the oral ingestion by a subject. In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent is sterile water, sterile saline, sterile buffer solution or sterile artificial cerebrospinal fluid.

As used herein “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” means physiologically and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts retain the desired biological activity of the parent compound and do not impart undesired toxicological effects thereto.

As used herein “pharmaceutical composition” means a mixture of substances suitable for administering to a subject. For example, a pharmaceutical composition may comprise an oligomeric compound and a sterile aqueous solution. In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition shows activity in free uptake assay in certain cell lines.

As used herein “prodrug” means a therapeutic agent in a form outside the body that is converted to a different form within an animal or cells thereof. Typically conversion of a prodrug within the animal is facilitated by the action of an enzymes (e.g., endogenous or viral enzyme) or chemicals present in cells or tissues and/or by physiologic conditions.

As used herein, “reducing or inhibiting the amount or activity” refers to a reduction or blockade of the transcriptional expression or activity relative to the transcriptional expression or activity in an untreated or control sample and does not necessarily indicate a total elimination of transcriptional expression or activity.

As used herein, “RNAi compound” means an antisense compound that acts, at least in part, through RISC or Ago2 to modulate a target nucleic acid and/or protein encoded by a target nucleic acid. RNAi compounds include, but are not limited to double-stranded siRNA, single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), and microRNA, including microRNA mimics. In certain embodiments, an RNAi compound modulates the amount, activity, and/or splicing of a target nucleic acid. The term RNAi compound excludes antisense compounds that act through RNase H.

As used herein, “self-complementary” in reference to an oligonucleotide means an oligonucleotide that at least partially hybridizes to itself.

As used herein, “standard cell assay” means the assay described in Example 3 and reasonable variations thereof.

As used herein, “standard in vivo assay” means the experiment described in Example 15 and reasonable variations thereof.

As used herein, “stereorandom chiral center” in the context of a population of molecules of identical molecular formula means a chiral center having a random stereochemical configuration. For example, in a population of molecules comprising a stereorandom chiral center, the number of molecules having the (S) configuration of the stereorandom chiral center may be but is not necessarily the same as the number of molecules having the (R) configuration of the stereorandom chiral center. The stereochemical configuration of a chiral center is considered random when it is the results of a synthetic method that is not designed to control the stereochemical configuration. In certain embodiments, a stereorandom chiral center is a stereorandom phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage.

As used herein, “sugar moiety” means an unmodified sugar moiety or a modified sugar moiety. As used herein, “unmodified sugar moiety” means a 2′-OH(H) ribosyl moiety, as found in RNA (an “unmodified RNA sugar moiety”), or a 2′-H(H) deoxyribosyl moiety, as found in DNA (an “unmodified DNA sugar moiety”). Unmodified sugar moieties have one hydrogen at each of the 1′, 3′, and 4′ positions, an oxygen at the 3′ position, and two hydrogens at the 5′ position. As used herein, “modified sugar moiety” or “modified sugar” means a modified furanosyl sugar moiety or a sugar surrogate.

As used herein, “sugar surrogate” means a modified sugar moiety having other than a furanosyl moiety that can link a nucleobase to another group, such as an internucleoside linkage, conjugate group, or terminal group in an oligonucleotide. Modified nucleosides comprising sugar surrogates can be incorporated into one or more positions within an oligonucleotide and such oligonucleotides are capable of hybridizing to complementary oligomeric compounds or target nucleic acids.

As used herein, “target nucleic acid” and “target RNA” mean a nucleic acid that an antisense compound is designed to affect.

As used herein, “target region” means a portion of a target nucleic acid to which an oligomeric compound is designed to hybridize.

As used herein, “terminal group” means a chemical group or group of atoms that is covalently linked to a terminus of an oligonucleotide.

As used herein, “therapeutically effective amount” means an amount of a pharmaceutical agent that provides a therapeutic benefit to an animal. For example, a therapeutically effective amount improves a symptom of a disease.

CERTAIN EMBODIMENTS

The present disclosure provides the following non-limiting numbered embodiments:

Embodiment 1

An oligomeric compound, comprising a modified oligonucleotide consisting of 12-50 linked nucleosides wherein the nucleobase sequence of the modified oligonucleotide is at least 90% complementary to an equal length portion of an ATXN2 nucleic acid, and wherein the modified oligonucleotide comprises at least one modification selected from a modified sugar, a sugar surrogate, and a modified internucleoside linkage.

Embodiment 2

An oligomeric compound comprising a modified oligonucleotide consisting of 12-50 linked nucleosides and having a nucleobase sequence comprising at least 12, at least 13, at least 14, at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, or at least 20 contiguous nucleobases of any of the nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 30-3319.

Embodiment 3

An oligomeric compound comprising a modified oligonucleotide consisting of 12-50 linked nucleosides and having a nucleobase sequence comprising a portion of at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, at least 11, at least 12, at least 13, at least 14, at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, or at least 20 contiguous nucleobases, wherein the portion is complementary to:

an equal length portion of nucleobases 2,455-2,483 of SEQ ID NO: 1;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 4,393-4,424 of SEQ ID NO: 1;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 4,413-4,437 of SEQ ID NO: 1;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 4,525-4,554 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 4,748-4,771 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 9,927-9,954 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 10,345-10,368 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 17,153-17,182 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 18,680-18,702 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 23,251-23,276 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 28,081-28,105 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 28,491-28,526 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 28,885-28,912 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 32,328-32,352 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 32,796-32,824 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 32,809-32,838 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 36,308-36,334 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 36,845-36,872 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 49,147-49,173 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 57,469-57,494 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 82,848-82,874 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 83,784-83,813 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 84,743-84,782 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 84,813-84,839 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 85,051-85,076 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 97,618-97,643 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 119,023-119,048 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 132,161-132,195 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

an equal length portion of nucleobases 139,271-139,303 of SEQ ID NO: 2; or an equal length portion of nucleobases 1,075-1,146 of SEQ ID NO: 1.

Embodiment 4

The oligomeric compound of any one of embodiments 1-3, wherein the modified oligonucleotide has a nucleobase sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or 100% complementary to any of the nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2, when measured across the entire nucleobase sequence of the modified oligonucleotide.

Embodiment 5

The oligomeric compound of any of embodiments 1-4, wherein the modified oligonucleotide comprises at least one modified nucleoside.

Embodiment 6

The oligomeric compound of embodiment 5, wherein the modified oligonucleotide comprises at least one modified nucleoside comprising a modified sugar moiety.

Embodiment 7

The oligomeric compound of embodiment 6, wherein the modified oligonucleotide comprises at least one modified nucleoside comprising a bicyclic sugar moiety.

Embodiment 8

The oligomeric compound of embodiment 7, wherein the modified oligonucleotide comprises at least one modified nucleoside comprising a bicyclic sugar moiety having a 2′-4′ bridge, wherein the 2′-4′ bridge is selected from —O—CH2-; and —O—CH(CH3)—.

Embodiment 9

The oligomeric compound of any of embodiments 5-8, wherein the modified oligonucleotide comprises at least one modified nucleoside comprising a non-bicyclic modified sugar moiety.

Embodiment 10

The oligomeric compound of embodiment 9, wherein the modified oligonucleotide comprises at least one modified nucleoside comprising a non-bicyclic modified sugar moiety comprising a 2′-MOE modified sugar or 2′-OMe modified sugar.

Embodiment 11

The oligomeric compound of any of embodiments 5-10, wherein the modified oligonucleotide comprises at least one modified nucleoside comprising a sugar surrogate.

Embodiment 12

The oligomeric compound of embodiment 11, wherein the modified oligonucleotide comprises at least one modified nucleoside comprising a sugar surrogate selected from morpholino and PNA.

Embodiment 13

The oligomeric compound of any of embodiments 1-12, wherein the modified oligonucleotide has a sugar motif comprising:

a 5′-region consisting of 1-5 linked 5′-region nucleosides;

a central region consisting of 6-10 linked central region nucleosides; and

a 3′-region consisting of 1-5 linked 3′-region nucleosides; wherein

each of the 5′-region nucleosides and each of the 3′-region nucleosides comprises a modified sugar moiety and each of the central region nucleosides comprises an unmodified 2′-deoxyribosyl sugar moiety.

Embodiment 14

The oligomeric compound of any of embodiments 1-13, wherein the modified oligonucleotide comprises at least one modified internucleoside linkage.

Embodiment 15

The oligomeric compound of embodiment 14, wherein each internucleoside linkage of the modified oligonucleotide is a modified internucleoside linkage.

Embodiment 16

The oligomeric compound of embodiment 14 or 15 wherein at least one internucleoside linkage is a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage.

Embodiment 17

The oligomeric compound of embodiment 14 or 16 wherein the modified oligonucleotide comprises at least one phosphodiester internucleoside linkage.

Embodiment 18

The oligomeric compound of any of embodiments 14, 16, or 17, wherein each internucleoside linkage is either a phosphodiester internucleoside linkage or a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage.

Embodiment 19

The oligomeric compound of any of embodiments 1-18, wherein the modified oligonucleotide comprises at least one modified nucleobase.

Embodiment 20

The oligomeric compound of embodiment 19, wherein the modified nucleobase is a 5-methyl cytosine.

Embodiment 21

The oligomeric compound of any of embodiments 1-20, wherein the modified oligonucleotide consists of 12-30, 12-22, 12-20, 14-20, 15-25, 16-20, 18-22 or 18-20 linked nucleosides.

Embodiment 22

The oligomeric compound of any of embodiments 1-21, wherein the modified oligonucleotide consists of 18 or 20 linked nucleosides.

Embodiment 23

The oligomeric compound of any of embodiments 1-22 consisting of the modified oligonucleotide.

Embodiment 24

The oligomeric compound of any of embodiments 1-22 comprising a conjugate group comprising a conjugate moiety and a conjugate linker.

Embodiment 25

The oligomeric compound of embodiment 24, wherein the conjugate group comprises a GalNAc cluster comprising 1-3 GalNAc ligands.

Embodiment 26

The oligomeric compound of embodiment 24 or 25, wherein the conjugate linker consists of a single bond.

Embodiment 27

The oligomeric compound of embodiment 25, wherein the conjugate linker is cleavable.

Embodiment 28

The oligomeric compound of embodiment 27, wherein the conjugate linker comprises 1-3 linker-nucleosides.

Embodiment 29

The oligomeric compound of any of embodiments 24-28, wherein the conjugate group is attached to the modified oligonucleotide at the 5′-end of the modified oligonucleotide.

Embodiment 30

The oligomeric compound of any of embodiments 24-28, wherein the conjugate group is attached to the modified oligonucleotide at the 3′-end of the modified oligonucleotide.

Embodiment 31

The oligomeric compound of any of embodiments 1-30 comprising a terminal group.

Embodiment 32

The oligomeric compound of any of embodiments 1-31 wherein the oligomeric compound is a singled-stranded oligomeric compound.

Embodiment 33

The oligomeric compound of any of embodiments 1-27 or 29-31, wherein the oligomeric compound does not comprise linker-nucleosides.

Embodiment 34

An oligomeric duplex comprising an oligomeric compound of any of embodiments 1-31 or 33.

Embodiment 35

An antisense compound comprising or consisting of an oligomeric compound of any of embodiments 1-33 or an oligomeric duplex of embodiment 34.

Embodiment 36

A pharmaceutical composition comprising an oligomeric compound of any of embodiments 1-33 or an oligomeric duplex of embodiment 34 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.

Embodiment 37

A modified oligonucleotide according to the following formula:

or a salt thereof.

Embodiment 38

A modified oligonucleotide according to the following formula:

or a salt thereof.

Embodiment 39

A modified oligonucleotide according to the following formula:

or a salt thereof.

Embodiment 40

A modified oligonucleotide according to the following formula:

or a salt thereof.

Embodiment 41

A modified oligonucleotide according to the following formula:

or a salt thereof.

Embodiment 42

A modified oligonucleotide according to the following formula:

or a salt thereof.

Embodiment 43

The modified oligonucleotide of any of embodiments 37-42, which is a sodium salt of the formula.

Embodiment 44

A modified oligonucleotide according to the following formula:

Embodiment 45

A modified oligonucleotide according to the following formula:

Embodiment 46

A modified oligonucleotide according to the following formula:

Embodiment 47

A modified oligonucleotide according to the following formula:

Embodiment 48

A modified oligonucleotide according to the following formula:

Embodiment 49

A modified oligonucleotide according to the following formula:

Embodiment 50

A chirally enriched population of the modified oligonucleotide of any of embodiments 37-49 wherein the population is enriched for modified oligonucleotides comprising at least one particular phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage having a particular stereochemical configuration.

Embodiment 51

The chirally enriched population of embodiment 50, wherein the population is enriched for modified oligonucleotides comprising at least one particular phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage having the (Sp) configuration.

Embodiment 52

The chirally enriched population of embodiment 50 or 51, wherein the population is enriched for modified oligonucleotides comprising at least one particular phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage having the (Rp) configuration.

Embodiment 53

The chirally enriched population of embodiment 50, wherein the population is enriched for modified oligonucleotides having a particular, independently selected stereochemical configuration at each phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage

Embodiment 54

The chirally enriched population of embodiment 53, wherein the population is enriched for modified oligonucleotides having the (Sp) configuration at each phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage.

Embodiment 55

The chirally enriched population of embodiment 53, wherein the population is enriched for modified oligonucleotides having the (Rp) configuration at each phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage.

Embodiment 56

The chirally enriched population of embodiment 50 or embodiment 53 wherein the population is enriched for modified oligonucleotides having at least 3 contiguous phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages in the Sp-Sp-Rp configuration, in the 5′ to 3′ direction.

Embodiment 57

A population of modified oligonucleotides of any of embodiments 37-49, wherein all of the phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotide are stereorandom.

Embodiment 58

A pharmaceutical composition comprising the modified oligonucleotide of any of embodiments 37-49 and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.

Embodiment 59

The pharmaceutical composition of embodiment 58, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable diluent is artificial cerebrospinal fluid.

Embodiment 60

The pharmaceutical composition of embodiment 59, wherein the pharmaceutical composition consists essentially of the modified oligonucleotide and artificial cerebrospinal fluid.

Embodiment 61

A method comprising administering to an animal a pharmaceutical composition of any of embodiments 36 or 58-60.

Embodiment 62

A method of treating a disease associated with ATXN2 comprising administering to an individual having or at risk for developing a disease associated with ATXN2 a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition according to any of embodiments 36 or 58-60; and thereby treating the disease associated with ATXN2.

Embodiment 63

The method of embodiment 62, wherein the disease associated with ATXN2 is a neurodegenerative disease.

Embodiment 64

The method of embodiment 63, wherein the neurodegenerative disease is any of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and parkinsonism.

Embodiment 65

The method of embodiment 64, wherein at least one symptom or hallmark of the neurodegenerative disease is ameliorated.

Embodiment 66

The method of embodiment 65, wherein the symptom or hallmark is any of ataxia, neuropathy, and aggregate formation.

Embodiment 67

An oligomeric compound comprising a modified oligonucleotide according to the following formula:

Ges Teo Aeo mCeo Teo Tds Tds Tds mCds Tds mCds Ads Tds Gds Tds Geo mCeo Ges Ges mCe (SEQ ID NO: 1714); wherein,

A=an adenine nucleobase,

mC=a 5′-methyl cytosine nucleobase,

G=a guanine nucleobase,

T=a thymine nucleobase,

e=a 2′-MOE modified sugar,

d=a 2′-deoxyribose sugar,

s=a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage, and

o=a phosphodiester internucleoside linkage.

Embodiment 68

An oligomeric compound comprising a modified oligonucleotide according to the following formula: mCes Teo Geo mCeo Tds Ads Ads mCds Tds Gds Gds Tds Tds Tds Geo mCeo mCeo mCes Tes Te (SEQ ID NO: 1255); wherein,

A=an adenine nucleobase,

mC=a 5′-methyl cytosine nucleobase,

G=a guanine nucleobase,

T=a thymine nucleobase,

e=a 2′-MOE modified sugar,

d=a 2′-deoxyribose sugar,

s=a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage, and

o=a phosphodiester internucleoside linkage.

Embodiment 69

An oligomeric compound comprising a modified oligonucleotide according to the following formula: Tes Geo Teo Aeo mCeo Teo Tds mCds Ads mCds Ads Tds Tds Tds Gds Gds Aeo Ges mCes mCe (SEQ ID NO: 1185); wherein,

A=an adenine nucleobase,

mC=a 5′-methyl cytosine nucleobase,

G=a guanine nucleobase,

T=a thymine nucleobase,

e=a 2′-MOE modified sugar,

d=a 2′-deoxyribose sugar,

s=a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage, and

o=a phosphodiester internucleoside linkage.

Embodiment 70

An oligomeric compound comprising a modified oligonucleotide according to the following formula: Tes Geo Geo Aeo Teo Teo mCds Tds Gds Tds Ads mCds Tds Tds Tds Tds mCeo Tes mCes Ae (SEQ ID NO: 3235); wherein,

A=an adenine nucleobase,

mC=a 5′-methyl cytosine nucleobase,

G=a guanine nucleobase,

T=a thymine nucleobase,

e=a 2′-MOE modified sugar,

d=a 2′-deoxyribose sugar,

s=a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage, and

o=a phosphodiester internucleoside linkage.

Embodiment 71

An oligomeric compound comprising a modified oligonucleotide according to the following formula: mCes mCeo Teo Aeo Teo mCeo Ads Tds mCds Ads Tds Tds Tds Tds mCds mCds Aeo Ges Ges Ge (SEQ ID NO: 158); wherein,

A=an adenine nucleobase,

mC=a 5′-methyl cytosine nucleobase,

G=a guanine nucleobase,

T=a thymine nucleobase,

e=a 2′-MOE modified sugar,

d=a 2′-deoxyribose sugar,

s=a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage, and

o=a phosphodiester internucleoside linkage.

Embodiment 72

An oligomeric compound comprising a modified oligonucleotide according to the following formula: Tes mCeo Teo Geo Tes Ads mCds Tds Tds Tds Tds mCds Tds mCds Ads Teo Geo Tes Ges mCe (SEQ ID NO: 2544); wherein,

A=an adenine nucleobase,

mC=a 5′-methyl cytosine nucleobase,

G=a guanine nucleobase,

T=a thymine nucleobase,

e=a 2′-MOE modified sugar,

d=a 2′-deoxyribose sugar,

s=a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage, and

o=a phosphodiester internucleoside linkage.

Embodiment 73

The oligomeric compound of embodiment 3, wherein the modified oligonucleotide is an RNAi compound.

Embodiment 74

The oligomeric compound of embodiment 73, wherein the RNAi compound is an ssRNA or an siRNA.

I. Certain Oligonucleotides

In certain embodiments, provided herein are oligomeric compounds comprising oligonucleotides, which consist of linked nucleosides. Oligonucleotides may be unmodified oligonucleotides (RNA or DNA) or may be modified oligonucleotides. Modified oligonucleotides comprise at least one modification relative to unmodified RNA or DNA. That is, modified oligonucleotides comprise at least one modified nucleoside (comprising a modified sugar moiety and/or a modified nucleobase) and/or at least one modified internucleoside linkage.

A. Certain Modified Nucleosides

Modified nucleosides comprise a modified sugar moiety or a modified nucleobase or both a modifed sugar moiety and a modified nucleobase.

1. Certain Sugar Moieties

In certain embodiments, modified sugar moieties are non-bicyclic modified sugar moieties. In certain embodiments, modified sugar moieties are bicyclic or tricyclic sugar moieties. In certain embodiments, modified sugar moieties are sugar surrogates. Such sugar surrogates may comprise one or more substitutions corresponding to those of other types of modified sugar moieties.

In certain embodiments, modified sugar moieties are non-bicyclic modified sugar moieties comprising a furanosyl ring with one or more substituent groups none of which bridges two atoms of the furanosyl ring to form a bicyclic structure. Such non bridging substituents may be at any position of the furanosyl, including but not limited to substituents at the 2′, 4′, and/or 5′ positions. In certain embodiments one or more non-bridging substituent of non-bicyclic modified sugar moieties is branched. Examples of 2′-substituent groups suitable for non-bicyclic modified sugar moieties include but are not limited to: 2′-F, 2′-OCH₃ (“OMe” or “O-methyl”), and 2′-O(CH₂)₂OCH₃ (“MOE”). In certain embodiments, 2′-substituent groups are selected from among: halo, allyl, amino, azido, SH, CN, OCN, CF₃, OCF₃, O—C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy, O—C₁-C₁₀ substituted alkoxy, O—C₁-C₁₀ alkyl, O—C₁-C₁₀ substituted alkyl, S-alkyl, N(R_(m))-alkyl, O-alkenyl, S-alkenyl, N(R_(m))-alkenyl, O-alkynyl, S-alkynyl, N(R_(m))-alkynyl, O-alkylenyl-O-alkyl, alkynyl, alkaryl, aralkyl, O-alkaryl, O-aralkyl, O(CH₂)₂SCH₃, O(CH₂)₂ON(R_(m))(R_(n)) or OCH₂C(═O)—N(R_(m))(R_(n)), where each R_(m) and R_(n) is, independently, H, an amino protecting group, or substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl, and the 2′-substituent groups described in Cook et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,531,584; Cook et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,859,221; and Cook et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,005,087. Certain embodiments of these 2′-substituent groups can be further substituted with one or more substituent groups independently selected from among: hydroxyl, amino, alkoxy, carboxy, benzyl, phenyl, nitro (NO₂), thiol, thioalkoxy, thioalkyl, halogen, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl and alkynyl. Examples of 4′-substituent groups suitable for non-bicyclic modified sugar moieties include but are not limited to alkoxy (e.g., methoxy), alkyl, and those described in Manoharan et al., WO 2015/106128. Examples of 5′-substituent groups suitable for non-bicyclic modified sugar moieties include but are not limited to: 5-methyl (R or S), 5′-vinyl, and 5′-methoxy. In certain embodiments, non-bicyclic modified sugar moieties comprise more than one non-bridging sugar substituent, for example, 2′-F-5′-methyl sugar moieties and the modified sugar moieties and modified nucleosides described in Migawa et al., WO 2008/101157 and Rajeev et al., US2013/0203836.

In certain embodiments, a 2′-substituted non-bicyclic modified nucleoside comprises a sugar moiety comprising a non-bridging 2′-substituent group selected from: F, NH₂, N₃, OCF₃, OCH₃, O(CH₂)₃NH₂, CH₂CH═CH₂, OCH₂CH═CH₂, OCH₂CH₂OCH₃, O(CH₂)₂SCH₃, O(CH₂)₂ON(R_(m))(R_(n)), O(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂N(CH₃)₂, and N-substituted acetamide (OCH₂C(═O)—N(R_(m))(R_(n))), where each R_(m) and R_(n) is, independently, H, an amino protecting group, or substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl.

In certain embodiments, a 2′-substituted nucleoside non-bicyclic modified nucleoside comprises a sugar moiety comprising a non-bridging 2′-substituent group selected from: F, OCF₃, OCH₃, OCH₂CH₂OCH₃, O(CH₂)₂SCH₃, O(CH₂)₂ON(CH₃)₂, O(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂N(CH₃)₂, and OCH₂C(═O)—N(H)CH₃ (“NMA”).

In certain embodiments, a 2′-substituted non-bicyclic modified nucleoside comprises a sugar moiety comprising a non-bridging 2′-substituent group selected from: F, OCH₃, and OCH₂CH₂OCH₃.

Certain modified sugar moieties comprise a substituent that bridges two atoms of the furanosyl ring to form a second ring, resulting in a bicyclic sugar moiety. In certain such embodiments, the bicyclic sugar moiety comprises a bridge between the 4′ and the 2′ furanose ring atoms. Examples of such 4′ to 2′ bridging sugar substituents include but are not limited to: 4′-CH₂-2′, 4′-(CH₂)₂-2′, 4′-(CH₂)₃-2′, 4′-CH₂—O-2′ (“LNA”), 4′-CH₂—S-2′, 4′-(CH₂)₂—O-2′ (“ENA”), 4′-CH(CH₃)—O-2′ (referred to as “constrained ethyl” or “cEt”), 4′-CH₂—O—CH₂-2′, 4′-CH₂—N(R)-2′, 4′-CH(CH₂OCH₃)—O-2′ (“constrained MOE” or “cMOE”) and analogs thereof (see, e.g., Seth et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,399,845, Bhat et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,569,686, Swayze et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,741,457, and Swayze et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,022,193), 4′-C(CH₃)(CH₃)—O-2′ and analogs thereof (see, e.g., Seth et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,278,283), 4′-CH₂—N(OCH₃)-2′ and analogs thereof (see, e.g., Prakash et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,278,425), 4′-CH₂—O—N(CH₃)-2′ (see, e.g., Allerson et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,696,345 and Allerson et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,124,745), 4′-CH₂—C(H)(CH₃)-2′ (see, e.g., Zhou, et al., J. Org. Chem., 2009, 74, 118-134), 4′-CH₂—C(═CH₂)-2′ and analogs thereof (see e.g., Seth et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,278,426), 4′-C(R_(a)R_(b))—N(R)—O-2′, 4′-C(R_(a)R_(b))—O—N(R)-2′, 4′-CH₂—O—N(R)-2′, and 4′-CH₂—N(R)—O- 2′, wherein each R, R_(a), and R_(b) is, independently, H, a protecting group, or C₁-C₁₂ alkyl (see, e.g. Imanishi et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,427,672).

In certain embodiments, such 4′ to 2′ bridges independently comprise from 1 to 4 linked groups independently selected from: —[C(R_(a))(R_(b))]_(n)—, —[C(R_(a))(R_(b))]_(n)—O—, —C(R_(a))═C(R_(b))—, —C(R_(a))═N—, —C(═NR_(a))—, —C(═O)—, —C(═S)—, —O—, —Si(R_(a))₂—, —S(═O)_(x)—, and —N(R_(a))—;

wherein:

x is 0, 1, or 2;

n is 1, 2, 3, or 4;

each R_(a) and R_(b) is, independently, H, a protecting group, hydroxyl, C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, substituted C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, C₂-C₁₂ alkenyl, substituted C₂-C₁₂ alkenyl, C₂-C₁₂ alkynyl, substituted C₂-C₁₂ alkynyl, C₅-C₂₀ aryl, substituted C₅-C₂₀ aryl, heterocycle radical, substituted heterocycle radical, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, C₅-C₇ alicyclic radical, substituted C₅-C₇ alicyclic radical, halogen, OJ₁, NJ₁J₂, SJ₁, N₃, COOJ₁, acyl (C(═O)—H), substituted acyl, CN, sulfonyl (S(═O)₂-J₁), or sulfoxyl (S(═O)-J₁); and

each J₁ and J₂ is, independently, H, C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, substituted C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, C₂-C₁₂ alkenyl, substituted C₂-C₁₂ alkenyl, C₂-C₁₂ alkynyl, substituted C₂-C₁₂ alkynyl, C₅-C₂₀ aryl, substituted C₅-C₂₀ aryl, acyl (C(═O)—H), substituted acyl, a heterocycle radical, a substituted heterocycle radical, C₁-C₁₂ aminoalkyl, substituted C₁-C₁₂ aminoalkyl, or a protecting group.

Additional bicyclic sugar moieties are known in the art, see, for example: Freier et al., Nucleic Acids Research, 1997, 25(22), 4429-4443, Albaek et al., J. Org. Chem., 2006, 71, 7731-7740, Singh et al., Chem. Commun., 1998, 4, 455-456; Koshkin et al., Tetrahedron, 1998, 54, 3607-3630; Kumar et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1998, 8, 2219-2222; Singh et al., J. Org. Chem., 1998, 63, 10035-10039; Srivastava et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129, 8362-8379; Wengel et a., U.S. Pat. No. 7,053,207; Imanishi et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,268,490; Imanishi et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,770,748; Imanishi et al., U.S. RE44,779; Wengel et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,794,499; Wengel et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,670,461; Wengel et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,034,133; Wengel et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,080,644; Wengel et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,034,909; Wengel et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,153,365; Wengel et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,572,582; and Ramasamy et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,525,191; Torsten et al., WO 2004/106356; Wengel et al., WO 1999/014226; Seth et al., WO 2007/134181; Seth et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,547,684; Seth et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,666,854; Seth et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,088,746; Seth et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,750,131; Seth et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,030,467; Seth et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,268,980; Seth et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,546,556; Seth et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,530,640; Migawa et al., U.S. Pat. No. 9,012,421; Seth et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,501,805; and U.S. Patent Publication Nos. Allerson et al., US2008/0039618 and Migawa et al., US2015/0191727.

In certain embodiments, bicyclic sugar moieties and nucleosides incorporating such bicyclic sugar moieties are further defined by isomeric configuration. For example, an LNA nucleoside (described herein) may be in the α-L configuration or in the β-D configuration.

α-L-methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) or α-L-LNA bicyclic nucleosides have been incorporated into oligonucleotides that showed antisense activity (Frieden et al., Nucleic Acids Research, 2003, 21, 6365-6372). Herein, general descriptions of bicyclic nucleosides include both isomeric configurations. When the positions of specific bicyclic nucleosides (e.g., LNA or cEt) are identified in exemplified embodiments herein, they are in the β-D configuration, unless otherwise specified.

In certain embodiments, modified sugar moieties comprise one or more non-bridging sugar substituent and one or more bridging sugar substituent (e.g., 5′-substituted and 4′-2′ bridged sugars).

In certain embodiments, modified sugar moieties are sugar surrogates. In certain such embodiments, the oxygen atom of the sugar moiety is replaced, e.g., with a sulfur, carbon or nitrogen atom. In certain such embodiments, such modified sugar moieties also comprise bridging and/or non-bridging substituents as described herein. For example, certain sugar surrogates comprise a 4′-sulfur atom and a substitution at the 2′-position (see, e.g., Bhat et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,875,733 and Bhat et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,939,677) and/or the 5′ position.

In certain embodiments, sugar surrogates comprise rings having other than 5 atoms. For example, in certain embodiments, a sugar surrogate comprises a six-membered tetrahydropyran (“THP”). Such tetrahydropyrans may be further modified or substituted. Nucleosides comprising such modified tetrahydropyrans include but are not limited to hexitol nucleic acid (“HNA”), anitol nucleic acid (“ANA”), manitol nucleic acid (“MNA”) (see, e.g., Leumann, C J. Bioorg. & Med. Chem. 2002, 10, 841-854), fluoro HNA:

(“F-HNA”, see e.g. Swayze et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,088,904; Swayze et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,440,803; Swayze et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,796,437; and Swayze et al., U.S. Pat. No. 9,005,906; F-HNA can also be referred to as a F-THP or 3′-fluoro tetrahydropyran), and nucleosides comprising additional modified THP compounds having the formula:

wherein, independently, for each of said modified THP nucleoside:

Bx is a nucleobase moiety;

T₃ and T₄ are each, independently, an internucleoside linking group linking the modified THP nucleoside to the remainder of an oligonucleotide or one of T₃ and T₄ is an internucleoside linking group linking the modified THP nucleoside to the remainder of an oligonucleotide and the other of T₃ and T₄ is H, a hydroxyl protecting group, a linked conjugate group, or a 5′ or 3′-terminal group;

q₁, q₂, q₃, q₄, q₅, q₆ and q₇ are each, independently, H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, substituted C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, or substituted C₂-C₆ alkynyl; and

each of R₁ and R₂ is independently selected from among: hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, NJ₁J₂, SJ₁, N₃, OC(═X)J₁, OC(═X)NJ₁J₂, NJ₃C(═X)NJ₁J₂, and CN, wherein X is O, S or NJ₁, and each J₁, J₂, and J₃ is, independently, H or C₁-C₆ alkyl.

In certain embodiments, modified THP nucleosides are provided wherein q₁, q₂, q₃, q₄, q₅, q₆ and q₇ are each H. In certain embodiments, at least one of q₁, q₂, q₃, q₄, q₅, q₆ and q₇ is other than H. In certain embodiments, at least one of q₁, q₂, q₃, q₄, q₅, q₆ and q₇ is methyl. In certain embodiments, modified THP nucleosides are provided wherein one of R₁ and R₂ is F. In certain embodiments, R₁ is F and R₂ is H, in certain embodiments, R₁ is methoxy and R₂ is H, and in certain embodiments, R₁ is methoxyethoxy and R₂ is H.

In certain embodiments, sugar surrogates comprise rings having more than 5 atoms and more than one heteroatom. For example, nucleosides comprising morpholino sugar moieties and their use in oligonucleotides have been reported (see, e.g., Braasch et al., Biochemistry, 2002, 41, 4503-4510 and Summerton et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,698,685; Summerton et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,166,315; Summerton et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,185,444; and Summerton et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,034,506). As used here, the term “morpholino” means a sugar surrogate having the following structure:

In certain embodiments, morpholinos may be modified, for example by adding or altering various substituent groups from the above morpholino structure. Such sugar surrogates are referred to herein as “modifed morpholinos.”

In certain embodiments, sugar surrogates comprise acyclic moieites. Examples of nucleosides and oligonucleotides comprising such acyclic sugar surrogates include but are not limited to: peptide nucleic acid (“PNA”), acyclic butyl nucleic acid (see, e.g., Kumar et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2013, 11, 5853-5865), and nucleosides and oligonucleotides described in Manoharan et al., WO2011/133876.

Many other bicyclic and tricyclic sugar and sugar surrogate ring systems are known in the art that can be used in modified nucleosides.

2. Certain Modified Nucleobases

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides comprise one or more nucleoside comprising an unmodified nucleobase. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides comprise one or more nucleoside comprising a modified nucleobase. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides comprise one or more nucleoside that does not comprise a nucleobase, referred to as an abasic nucleoside.

In certain embodiments, modified nucleobases are selected from: 5-substituted pyrimidines, 6-azapyrimidines, alkyl or alkynyl substituted pyrimidines, alkyl substituted purines, and N-2, N-6 and O-6 substituted purines. In certain embodiments, modified nucleobases are selected from: 2-aminopropyladenine, 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine, xanthine, hypoxanthine, 2-aminoadenine, 6-N-methylguanine, 6-N-methyladenine, 2-propyladenine 2-thiouracil, 2-thiothymine and 2-thiocytosine, 5-propynyl (—C≡C—CH₃) uracil, 5-propynylcytosine, 6-azouracil, 6-azocytosine, 6-azothymine, 5-ribosyluracil (pseudouracil), 4-thiouracil, 8-halo, 8-amino, 8-thiol, 8-thioalkyl, 8-hydroxyl, 8-aza and other 8-substituted purines, 5-halo, particularly 5-bromo, 5-trifluoromethyl, 5-halouracil, and 5-halocytosine, 7-methylguanine, 7-methyladenine, 2-F-adenine, 2-aminoadenine, 7-deazaguanine, 7-deazaadenine, 3-deazaguanine, 3-deazaadenine, 6-N-benzoyladenine, 2-N-isobutyrylguanine, 4-N-benzoylcytosine, 4-N-benzoyluracil, 5-methyl 4-N-benzoylcytosine, 5-methyl 4-N-benzoyluracil, universal bases, hydrophobic bases, promiscuous bases, size-expanded bases, and fluorinated bases. Further modified nucleobases include tricyclic pyrimidines, such as 1,3-diazaphenoxazine-2-one, 1,3-diazaphenothiazine-2-one and 9-(2-aminoethoxy)-1,3-diazaphenoxazine-2-one (G-clamp) Modified nucleobases may also include those in which the purine or pyrimidine base is replaced with other heterocycles, for example 7-deazaadenine, 7-deazaguanosine, 2-aminopyridine and 2-pyridone. Further nucleobases include those disclosed in Merigan et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,687,808, those disclosed in i The Concise Encyclopedia Of Polymer Science And Engineering, Kroschwitz, J. I., Ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1990, 858-859; Englisch et al., Angewandte Chemie, International Edition, 1991, 30, 613; Sanghvi, Y. S., Chapter 15, Antisense Research and Applications, Crooke, S. T. and Lebleu, B., Eds., CRC Press, 1993, 273-288; and those disclosed in Chapters 6 and 15, Antisense Drug Technology, Crooke S. T., Ed., CRC Press, 2008, 163-166 and 442-443.

Publications that teach the preparation of certain of the above noted modified nucleobases as well as other modified nucleobases include without limitation, Manohara et al., US2003/0158403; Manoharan et al., US2003/0175906; Dinh et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,845,205; Spielvogel et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,130,302; Rogers et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,134,066; Bischofberger et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,175,273; Urdea et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,367,066; Benner et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,432,272; Matteucci et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,434,257; Gmeiner et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,457,187; Cook et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,459,255; Froehler et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,484,908; Matteucci et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,502,177; Hawkins et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,525,711; Haralambidis et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,552,540; Cook et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,587,469; Froehler et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,594,121; Switzer et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,596,091; Cook et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,614,617; Froehler et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,645,985; Cook et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,681,941; Cook et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,811,534; Cook et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,750,692; Cook et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,948,903; Cook et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,587,470; Cook et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,457,191; Matteucci et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,763,588; Froehler et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,830,653; Cook et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,808,027; Cook et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,166,199; and Matteucci et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,005,096.

3. Certain Modified Internucleoside Linkages

In certain embodiments, nucleosides of modified oligonucleotides may be linked together using any internucleoside linkage. The two main classes of internucleoside linking groups are defined by the presence or absence of a phosphorus atom. Representative phosphorus-containing internucleoside linkages include but are not limited to phosphates, which contain a phosphodiester bond (“P═O”) (also referred to as unmodified or naturally occurring linkages), phosphotriesters, methylphosphonates, phosphoramidates, and phosphorothioates (“P═S”), and phosphorodithioates (“HS—P═S”). Representative non-phosphorus containing internucleoside linking groups include but are not limited to methylenemethylimino (—CH₂—N(CH₃)—O—CH₂—), thiodiester, thionocarbamate (—O—C(═O)(NH)—S—); siloxane (—O—SiH₂—O—); and N,N′-dimethylhydrazine (—CH₂—N(CH₃)—N(CH₃)—). Modified internucleoside linkages, compared to naturally occurring phosphate linkages, can be used to alter, typically increase, nuclease resistance of the oligonucleotide. In certain embodiments, internucleoside linkages having a chiral atom can be prepared as a racemic mixture, or as separate enantiomers. Methods of preparation of phosphorous-containing and non-phosphorous-containing internucleoside linkages are well known to those skilled in the art.

Representative internucleoside linkages having a chiral center include but are not limited to alkylphosphonates and phosphorothioates. Modified oligonucleotides comprising internucleoside linkages having a chiral center can be prepared as populations of modified oligonucleotides comprising stereorandom internucleoside linkages, or as populations of modified oligonucleotides comprising phosphorothioate linkages in particular stereochemical configurations. In certain embodiments, populations of modified oligonucleotides comprise phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages wherein all of the phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages are stereorandom. Such modified oligonucleotides can be generated using synthetic methods that result in random selection of the stereochemical configuration of each phosphorothioate linkage. Nonetheless, as is well understood by those of skill in the art, each individual phosphorothioate of each individual oligonucleotide molecule has a defined stereoconfiguration. In certain embodiments, populations of modified oligonucleotides are enriched for modified oligonucleotides comprising one or more particular phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages in a particular, independently selected stereochemical configuration. In certain embodiments, the particular configuration of the particular phosphorothioate linkage is present in at least 65% of the molecules in the population. In certain embodiments, the particular configuration of the particular phosphorothioate linkage is present in at least 70% of the molecules in the population. In certain embodiments, the particular configuration of the particular phosphorothioate linkage is present in at least 80% of the molecules in the population. In certain embodiments, the particular configuration of the particular phosphorothioate linkage is present in at least 90% of the molecules in the population. In certain embodiments, the particular configuration of the particular phosphorothioate linkage is present in at least 99% of the molecules in the population. Such chirally enriched populations of modified oligonucleotides can be generated using synthetic methods known in the art, e.g., methods described in Oka et al., JACS 125, 8307 (2003), Wan et al. Nuc. Acid. Res. 42, 13456 (2014), and WO 2017/015555. In certain embodiments, a population of modified oligonucleotides is enriched for modified oligonucleotides having at least one indicated phosphorothioate in the (Sp) configuration. In certain embodiments, a population of modified oligonucleotides is enriched for modified oligonucleotides having at least one phosphorothioate in the (Rp) configuration. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides comprising (Rp) and/or (Sp) phosphorothioates comprise one or more of the following formulas, respectively, wherein “B” indicates a nucleobase:

Unless otherwise indicated, chiral internucleoside linkages of modified oligonucleotides described herein can be stereorandom or in a particular stereochemical configuration.

Neutral internucleoside linkages include, without limitation, phosphotriesters, methylphosphonates, MMI (3′-CH₂—N(CH₃)—O-5′), amide-3 (3′-CH₂—C(═O)—N(H)-5′), amide-4 (3′-CH₂—N(H)—C(═O)-5′), formacetal (3′-O—CH₂—O-5′), methoxypropyl, and thioformacetal (3′-S—CH₂—O-5′). Further neutral internucleoside linkages include nonionic linkages comprising siloxane (dialkylsiloxane), carboxylate ester, carboxamide, sulfide, sulfonate ester and amides (See for example: Carbohydrate Modifications in Antisense Research; Y. S. Sanghvi and P. D. Cook, Eds., ACS Symposium Series 580; Chapters 3 and 4, 40-65). Further neutral internucleoside linkages include nonionic linkages comprising mixed N, O, S and CH₂ component parts.

B. Certain Motifs

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides comprise one or more modified nucleosides comprising a modified sugar moiety. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides comprise one or more modified nucleosides comprising a modified nucleobase. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides comprise one or more modified internucleoside linkage. In such embodiments, the modified, unmodified, and differently modified sugar moieties, nucleobases, and/or internucleoside linkages of a modified oligonucleotide define a pattern or motif. In certain embodiments, the patterns of sugar moieties, nucleobases, and internucleoside linkages are each independent of one another. Thus, a modified oligonucleotide may be described by its sugar motif, nucleobase motif and/or internucleoside linkage motif (as used herein, nucleobase motif describes the modifications to the nucleobases independent of the sequence of nucleobases).

1. Certain Sugar Motifs

In certain embodiments, oligonucleotides comprise one or more type of modified sugar and/or unmodified sugar moiety arranged along the oligonucleotide or region thereof in a defined pattern or sugar motif. In certain instances, such sugar motifs include but are not limited to any of the sugar modifications discussed herein.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides comprise or consist of a region having a gapmer motif, which is defined by two external regions or “wings” and a central or internal region or “gap.” The three regions of a gapmer motif (the 5′-wing, the gap, and the 3′-wing) form a contiguous sequence of nucleosides wherein at least some of the sugar moieties of the nucleosides of each of the wings differ from at least some of the sugar moieties of the nucleosides of the gap. Specifically, at least the sugar moieties of the nucleosides of each wing that are closest to the gap (the 3′-most nucleoside of the 5′-wing and the 5′-most nucleoside of the 3′-wing) differ from the sugar moiety of the neighboring gap nucleosides, thus defining the boundary between the wings and the gap (i.e., the wing/gap junction). In certain embodiments, the sugar moieties within the gap are the same as one another. In certain embodiments, the gap includes one or more nucleoside having a sugar moiety that differs from the sugar moiety of one or more other nucleosides of the gap. In certain embodiments, the sugar motifs of the two wings are the same as one another (symmetric gapmer). In certain embodiments, the sugar motif of the 5′-wing differs from the sugar motif of the 3′-wing (asymmetric gapmer).

In certain embodiments, the wings of a gapmer comprise 1-5 nucleosides. In certain embodiments, each nucleoside of each wing of a gapmer is a modified nucleoside. In certain embodiments, at least one nucleoside of each wing of a gapmer is a modified nucleoside. In certain embodiments, at least two nucleosides of each wing of a gapmer are modified nucleosides. In certain embodiments, at least three nucleosides of each wing of a gapmer are modified nucleosides. In certain embodiments, at least four nucleosides of each wing of a gapmer are modified nucleosides.

In certain embodiments, the gap of a gapmer comprises 7-12 nucleosides. In certain embodiments, each nucleoside of the gap of a gapmer is an unmodified 2′-deoxy nucleoside. In certain embodiments, at least one nucleoside of the gap of a gapmer is a modified nucleoside.

In certain embodiments, the gapmer is a deoxy gapmer. In certain embodiments, the nucleosides on the gap side of each wing/gap junction are unmodified 2′-deoxy nucleosides and the nucleosides on the wing sides of each wing/gap junction are modified nucleosides. In certain embodiments, each nucleoside of the gap is an unmodified 2′-deoxy nucleoside. In certain embodiments, each nucleoside of each wing of a gapmer is a modified nucleoside.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides comprise or consist of a region having a fully modified sugar motif. In such embodiments, each nucleoside of the fully modified region of the modified oligonucleotide comprises a modified sugar moiety. In certain embodiments, each nucleoside of the entire modified oligonucleotide comprises a modified sugar moiety. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides comprise or consist of a region having a fully modified sugar motif, wherein each nucleoside within the fully modified region comprises the same modified sugar moiety, referred to herein as a uniformly modified sugar motif. In certain embodiments, a fully modified oligonucleotide is a uniformly modified oligonucleotide. In certain embodiments, each nucleoside of a uniformly modified comprises the same 2′-modification.

Herein, the lengths (number of nucleosides) of the three regions of a gapmer may be provided using the notation [# of nucleosides in the 5′-wing]−[# of nucleosides in the gap]−[# of nucleosides in the 3′-wing]. Thus, a 5-10-5 gapmer consists of 5 linked nucleosides in each wing and 10 linked nucleosides in the gap. Where such nomenclature is followed by a specific modification, that modification is the modification in each sugar moiety of each wing and the gap nucleosides comprise unmodified deoxynucleosides sugars. Thus, a 5-10-5 MOE gapmer consists of 5 linked MOE modified nucleosides in the 5′-wing, 10 linked deoxynucleosides in the gap, and 5 linked MOE nucleosides in the 3′-wing.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 3-10-3 BNA gapmers. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 3-10-3 cEt gapmers. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 3-10-3 LNA gapmers.

2. Certain Nucleobase Motifs

In certain embodiments, oligonucleotides comprise modified and/or unmodified nucleobases arranged along the oligonucleotide or region thereof in a defined pattern or motif. In certain embodiments, each nucleobase is modified. In certain embodiments, none of the nucleobases are modified. In certain embodiments, each purine or each pyrimidine is modified. In certain embodiments, each adenine is modified. In certain embodiments, each guanine is modified. In certain embodiments, each thymine is modified. In certain embodiments, each uracil is modified. In certain embodiments, each cytosine is modified. In certain embodiments, some or all of the cytosine nucleobases in a modified oligonucleotide are 5-methyl cytosines. In certain embodiments, all of the cytosine nucleobases are 5-methyl cytosines and all of the other nucleobases of the modified oligonucleotide are unmodified nucleobases.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides comprise a block of modified nucleobases. In certain such embodiments, the block is at the 3′-end of the oligonucleotide. In certain embodiments the block is within 3 nucleosides of the 3′-end of the oligonucleotide. In certain embodiments, the block is at the 5′-end of the oligonucleotide. In certain embodiments the block is within 3 nucleosides of the 5′-end of the oligonucleotide.

In certain embodiments, oligonucleotides having a gapmer motif comprise a nucleoside comprising a modified nucleobase. In certain such embodiments, one nucleoside comprising a modified nucleobase is in the central gap of an oligonucleotide having a gapmer motif. In certain such embodiments, the sugar moiety of said nucleoside is a 2′-deoxyribosyl moiety. In certain embodiments, the modified nucleobase is selected from: a 2-thiopyrimidine and a 5-propynepyrimidine.

3. Certain Internucleoside Linkage Motifs

In certain embodiments, oligonucleotides comprise modified and/or unmodified internucleoside linkages arranged along the oligonucleotide or region thereof in a defined pattern or motif. In certain embodiments, each internucleoside linking group is a phosphodiester internucleoside linkage (P═O). In certain embodiments, each internucleoside linking group of a modified oligonucleotide is a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage (P═S). In certain embodiments, each internucleoside linkage of a modified oligonucleotide is independently selected from a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage and phosphodiester internucleoside linkage. In certain embodiments, each phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage is independently selected from a stereorandom phosphorothioate, a (Sp) phosphorothioate, and a (Rp) phosphorothioate. In certain embodiments, the sugar motif of a modified oligonucleotide is a gapmer and the internucleoside linkages within the gap are all modified. In certain such embodiments, some or all of the internucleoside linkages in the wings are unmodified phosphodiester internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the terminal internucleoside linkages are modified. In certain embodiments, the sugar motif of a modified oligonucleotide is a gapmer, and the internucleoside linkage motif comprises at least one phosphodiester internucleoside linkage in at least one wing, wherein the at least one phosphodiester linkage is not a terminal internucleoside linkage, and the remaining internucleoside linkages are phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages. In certain such embodiments, all of the phosphorothioate linkages are stereorandom. In certain embodiments, all of the phosphorothioate linkages in the wings are (Sp) phosphorothioates, and the gap comprises at least one Sp, Sp, Rp motif. In certain embodiments, populations of modified oligonucleotides are enriched for modified oligonucleotides comprising such internucleoside linkage motifs.

C. Certain Lengths

It is possible to increase or decrease the length of an oligonucleotide without eliminating activity. For example, in Woolf et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:7305-7309, 1992), a series of oligonucleotides 13-25 nucleobases in length were tested for their ability to induce cleavage of a target RNA in an oocyte injection model. Oligonucleotides 25 nucleobases in length with 8 or 11 mismatch bases near the ends of the oligonucleotides were able to direct specific cleavage of the target mRNA, albeit to a lesser extent than the oligonucleotides that contained no mismatches. Similarly, target specific cleavage was achieved using 13 nucleobase oligonucleotides, including those with 1 or 3 mismatches.

In certain embodiments, oligonucleotides (including modified oligonucleotides) can have any of a variety of ranges of lengths. In certain embodiments, oligonucleotides consist of X to Y linked nucleosides, where X represents the fewest number of nucleosides in the range and Y represents the largest number nucleosides in the range. In certain such embodiments, X and Y are each independently selected from 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, and 50; provided that X≤Y. For example, in certain embodiments, oligonucleotides consist of 12 to 13, 12 to 14, 12 to 15, 12 to 16, 12 to 17, 12 to 18, 12 to 19, 12 to 20, 12 to 21, 12 to 22, 12 to 23, 12 to 24, 12 to 25, 12 to 26, 12 to 27, 12 to 28, 12 to 29, 12 to 30, 13 to 14, 13 to 15, 13 to 16, 13 to 17, 13 to 18, 13 to 19, 13 to 20, 13 to 21, 13 to 22, 13 to 23, 13 to 24, 13 to 25, 13 to 26, 13 to 27, 13 to 28, 13 to 29, 13 to 30, 14 to 15, 14 to 16, 14 to 17, 14 to 18, 14 to 19, 14 to 20, 14 to 21, 14 to 22, 14 to 23, 14 to 24, 14 to 25, 14 to 26, 14 to 27, 14 to 28, 14 to 29, 14 to 30, 15 to 16, 15 to 17, 15 to 18, 15 to 19, 15 to 20, 15 to 21, 15 to 22, 15 to 23, 15 to 24, 15 to 25, 15 to 26, 15 to 27, 15 to 28, 15 to 29, 15 to 30, 16 to 17, 16 to 18, 16 to 19, 16 to 20, 16 to 21, 16 to 22, 16 to 23, 16 to 24, 16 to 25, 16 to 26, 16 to 27, 16 to 28, 16 to 29, 16 to 30, 17 to 18, 17 to 19, 17 to 20, 17 to 21, 17 to 22, 17 to 23, 17 to 24, 17 to 25, 17 to 26, 17 to 27, 17 to 28, 17 to 29, 17 to 30, 18 to 19, 18 to 20, 18 to 21, 18 to 22, 18 to 23, 18 to 24, 18 to 25, 18 to 26, 18 to 27, 18 to 28, 18 to 29, 18 to 30, 19 to 20, 19 to 21, 19 to 22, 19 to 23, 19 to 24, 19 to 25, 19 to 26, 19 to 29, 19 to 28, 19 to 29, 19 to 30, 20 to 21, 20 to 22, 20 to 23, 20 to 24, 20 to 25, 20 to 26, 20 to 27, 20 to 28, 20 to 29, 20 to 30, 21 to 22, 21 to 23, 21 to 24, 21 to 25, 21 to 26, 21 to 27, 21 to 28, 21 to 29, 21 to 30, 22 to 23, 22 to 24, 22 to 25, 22 to 26, 22 to 27, 22 to 28, 22 to 29, 22 to 30, 23 to 24, 23 to 25, 23 to 26, 23 to 27, 23 to 28, 23 to 29, 23 to 30, 24 to 25, 24 to 26, 24 to 27, 24 to 28, 24 to 29, 24 to 30, 25 to 26, 25 to 27, 25 to 28, 25 to 29, 25 to 30, 26 to 27, 26 to 28, 26 to 29, 26 to 30, 27 to 28, 27 to 29, 27 to 30, 28 to 29, 28 to 30, or 29 to 30 linked nucleosides

D. Certain Modified Oligonucleotides

In certain embodiments, the above modifications (sugar, nucleobase, internucleoside linkage) are incorporated into a modified oligonucleotide. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are characterized by their modification motifs and overall lengths. In certain embodiments, such parameters are each independent of one another. Thus, unless otherwise indicated, each internucleoside linkage of an oligonucleotide having a gapmer sugar motif may be modified or unmodified and may or may not follow the gapmer modification pattern of the sugar modifications. For example, the internucleoside linkages within the wing regions of a sugar gapmer may be the same or different from one another and may be the same or different from the internucleoside linkages of the gap region of the sugar motif. Likewise, such sugar gapmer oligonucleotides may comprise one or more modified nucleobase independent of the gapmer pattern of the sugar modifications. Unless otherwise indicated, all modifications are independent of nucleobase sequence.

E. Certain Populations of Modified Oligonucleotides

Populations of modified oligonucleotides in which all of the modified oligonucleotides of the population have the same molecular formula can be stereorandom populations or chirally enriched populations. All of the chiral centers of all of the modified oligonucleotides are stereorandom in a stereorandom population. In a chirally enriched population, at least one particular chiral center is not stereorandom in the modified oligonucleotides of the population. In certain embodiments, the modified oligonucleotides of a chirally enriched population are enriched for 13-D ribosyl sugar moieties, and all of the phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages are stereorandom. In certain embodiments, the modified oligonucleotides of a chirally enriched population are enriched for both β-D ribosyl sugar moieties and at least one, particular phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage in a particular stereochemical configuration.

F. Nucleobase Sequence

In certain embodiments, oligonucleotides (unmodified or modified oligonucleotides) are further described by their nucleobase sequence. In certain embodiments oligonucleotides have a nucleobase sequence that is complementary to a second oligonucleotide or an identified reference nucleic acid, such as a target nucleic acid. In certain such embodiments, a region of an oligonucleotide has a nucleobase sequence that is complementary to a second oligonucleotide or an identified reference nucleic acid, such as a target nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, the nucleobase sequence of a region or entire length of an oligonucleotide is at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or 100% complementary to the second oligonucleotide or nucleic acid, such as a target nucleic acid.

II. Certain Oligomeric Compounds

In certain embodiments, provided herein are oligomeric compounds, which consist of an oligonucleotide (modified or unmodified) and optionally one or more conjugate groups and/or terminal groups. Conjugate groups consist of one or more conjugate moiety and a conjugate linker which links the conjugate moiety to the oligonucleotide. Conjugate groups may be attached to either or both ends of an oligonucleotide and/or at any internal position. In certain embodiments, conjugate groups are attached to the 2′-position of a nucleoside of a modified oligonucleotide. In certain embodiments, conjugate groups that are attached to either or both ends of an oligonucleotide are terminal groups. In certain such embodiments, conjugate groups or terminal groups are attached at the 3′ and/or 5′-end of oligonucleotides. In certain such embodiments, conjugate groups (or terminal groups) are attached at the 3′-end of oligonucleotides. In certain embodiments, conjugate groups are attached near the 3′-end of oligonucleotides. In certain embodiments, conjugate groups (or terminal groups) are attached at the 5′-end of oligonucleotides. In certain embodiments, conjugate groups are attached near the 5′-end of oligonucleotides.

Examples of terminal groups include but are not limited to conjugate groups, capping groups, phosphate moieties, protecting groups, modified or unmodified nucleosides, and two or more nucleosides that are independently modified or unmodified.

A. Certain Conjugate Groups

In certain embodiments, oligonucleotides are covalently attached to one or more conjugate groups. In certain embodiments, conjugate groups modify one or more properties of the attached oligonucleotide, including but not limited to pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, stability, binding, absorption, tissue distribution, cellular distribution, cellular uptake, charge and clearance. In certain embodiments, conjugate groups impart a new property on the attached oligonucleotide, e.g., fluorophores or reporter groups that enable detection of the oligonucleotide. Certain conjugate groups and conjugate moieties have been described previously, for example: cholesterol moiety (Letsinger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1989, 86, 6553-6556), cholic acid (Manoharan et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1994, 4, 1053-1060), a thioether, e.g., hexyl-S-tritylthiol (Manoharan et al., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1992, 660, 306-309; Manoharan et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1993, 3, 2765-2770), a thiocholesterol (Oberhauser et al., Nucl. Acids Res., 1992, 20, 533-538), an aliphatic chain, e g., do-decan-diol or undecyl residues (Saison-Behmoaras et al., EMBO J., 1991, 10, 1111-1118; Kabanov et al., FEBS Lett., 1990, 259, 327-330; Svinarchuk et al., Biochimie, 1993, 75, 49-54), a phospholipid, e.g., di-hexadecyl-rac-glycerol or triethyl-ammonium 1,2-di-O-hexadecyl-rac-glycero-3-H-phosphonate (Manoharan et al., Tetrahedron Lett., 1995, 36, 3651-3654; Shea et al., Nucl. Acids Res., 1990, 18, 3777-3783), a polyamine or a polyethylene glycol chain (Manoharan et al., Nucleosides & Nucleotides, 1995, 14, 969-973), or adamantane acetic acid a palmityl moiety (Mishra et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1995, 1264, 229-237), an octadecylamine or hexylamino-carbonyl-oxycholesterol moiety (Crooke et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1996, 277, 923-937), a tocopherol group (Nishina et al., Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids, 2015, 4, e220; and Nishina et al., Molecular Therapy, 2008, 16, 734-740), or a GalNAc cluster (e.g., WO2014/179620).

1. Conjugate Moieties

Conjugate moieties include, without limitation, intercalators, reporter molecules, polyamines, polyamides, peptides, carbohydrates, vitamin moieties, polyethylene glycols, thioethers, polyethers, cholesterols, thiocholesterols, cholic acid moieties, folate, lipids, phospholipids, biotin, phenazine, phenanthridine, anthraquinone, adamantane, acridine, fluoresceins, rhodamines, coumarins, fluorophores, and dyes.

In certain embodiments, a conjugate moiety comprises an active drug substance, for example, aspirin, warfarin, phenylbutazone, ibuprofen, suprofen, fen-bufen, ketoprofen, (S)-(+)-pranoprofen, carprofen, dansylsarcosine, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, fingolimod, flufenamic acid, folinic acid, a benzothiadiazide, chlorothiazide, a diazepine, indo-methicin, a barbiturate, a cephalosporin, a sulfa drug, an antidiabetic, an antibacterial or an antibiotic.

2. Conjugate Linkers

Conjugate moieties are attached to oligonucleotides through conjugate linkers. In certain oligomeric compounds, the conjugate linker is a single chemical bond (i.e., the conjugate moiety is attached directly to an oligonucleotide through a single bond). In certain embodiments, the conjugate linker comprises a chain structure, such as a hydrocarbyl chain, or an oligomer of repeating units such as ethylene glycol, nucleosides, or amino acid units.

In certain embodiments, a conjugate linker comprises one or more groups selected from alkyl, amino, oxo, amide, disulfide, polyethylene glycol, ether, thioether, and hydroxylamino. In certain such embodiments, the conjugate linker comprises groups selected from alkyl, amino, oxo, amide and ether groups. In certain embodiments, the conjugate linker comprises groups selected from alkyl and amide groups. In certain embodiments, the conjugate linker comprises groups selected from alkyl and ether groups. In certain embodiments, the conjugate linker comprises at least one phosphorus moiety. In certain embodiments, the conjugate linker comprises at least one phosphate group. In certain embodiments, the conjugate linker includes at least one neutral linking group.

In certain embodiments, conjugate linkers, including the conjugate linkers described above, are bifunctional linking moieties, e.g., those known in the art to be useful for attaching conjugate groups to parent compounds, such as the oligonucleotides provided herein. In general, a bifunctional linking moiety comprises at least two functional groups. One of the functional groups is selected to react with to a particular site on a parent compound and the other is selected to react with to a conjugate group. Examples of functional groups used in a bifunctional linking moiety include but are not limited to electrophiles for reacting with nucleophilic groups and nucleophiles for reacting with electrophilic groups. In certain embodiments, bifunctional linking moieties comprise one or more groups selected from amino, hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, thiol, alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl.

Examples of conjugate linkers include but are not limited to pyrrolidine, 8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid (ADO), succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC) and 6-aminohexanoic acid (AHEX or AHA). Other conjugate linkers include but are not limited to substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ alkenyl or substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ alkynyl, wherein a nonlimiting list of preferred substituent groups includes hydroxyl, amino, alkoxy, carboxy, benzyl, phenyl, nitro, thiol, thioalkoxy, halogen, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl and alkynyl.

In certain embodiments, conjugate linkers comprise 1-10 linker-nucleosides. In certain embodiments, conjugate linkers comprise 2-5 linker-nucleosides. In certain embodiments, conjugate linkers comprise exactly 3 linker-nucleosides. In certain embodiments, conjugate linkers comprise the TCA motif. In certain embodiments, such linker-nucleosides are modified nucleosides. In certain embodiments such linker-nucleosides comprise a modified sugar moiety. In certain embodiments, linker-nucleosides are unmodified. In certain embodiments, linker-nucleosides comprise an optionally protected heterocyclic base selected from a purine, substituted purine, pyrimidine or substituted pyrimidine. In certain embodiments, a cleavable moiety is a nucleoside selected from uracil, thymine, cytosine, 4-N-benzoylcytosine, 5-methyl cytosine, 4-N-benzoyl-5-methyl cytosine, adenine, 6-N-benzoyladenine, guanine and 2-N-isobutyrylguanine. It is typically desirable for linker-nucleosides to be cleaved from the oligomeric compound after it reaches a target tissue. Accordingly, linker-nucleosides are typically linked to one another and to the remainder of the oligomeric compound through cleavable bonds. In certain embodiments, such cleavable bonds are phosphodiester bonds.

Herein, linker-nucleosides are not considered to be part of the oligonucleotide. Accordingly, in embodiments in which an oligomeric compound comprises an oligonucleotide consisting of a specified number or range of linked nucleosides and/or a specified percent complementarity to a reference nucleic acid and the oligomeric compound also comprises a conjugate group comprising a conjugate linker comprising linker-nucleosides, those linker-nucleosides are not counted toward the length of the oligonucleotide and are not used in determining the percent complementarity of the oligonucleotide for the reference nucleic acid. For example, an oligomeric compound may comprise (1) a modified oligonucleotide consisting of 8-30 nucleosides and (2) a conjugate group comprising 1-10 linker-nucleosides that are contiguous with the nucleosides of the modified oligonucleotide. The total number of contiguous linked nucleosides in such an oligomeric compound is more than 30. Alternatively, an oligomeric compound may comprise a modified oligonucleotide consisting of 8-30 nucleosides and no conjugate group. The total number of contiguous linked nucleosides in such an oligomeric compound is no more than 30. Unless otherwise indicated conjugate linkers comprise no more than 10 linker-nucleosides. In certain embodiments, conjugate linkers comprise no more than 5 linker-nucleosides. In certain embodiments, conjugate linkers comprise no more than 3 linker-nucleosides. In certain embodiments, conjugate linkers comprise no more than 2 linker-nucleosides. In certain embodiments, conjugate linkers comprise no more than 1 linker-nucleoside.

In certain embodiments, it is desirable for a conjugate group to be cleaved from the oligonucleotide. For example, in certain circumstances oligomeric compounds comprising a particular conjugate moiety are better taken up by a particular cell type, but once the oligomeric compound has been taken up, it is desirable that the conjugate group be cleaved to release the unconjugated or parent oligonucleotide. Thus, certain conjugate linkers may comprise one or more cleavable moieties. In certain embodiments, a cleavable moiety is a cleavable bond. In certain embodiments, a cleavable moiety is a group of atoms comprising at least one cleavable bond. In certain embodiments, a cleavable moiety comprises a group of atoms having one, two, three, four, or more than four cleavable bonds. In certain embodiments, a cleavable moiety is selectively cleaved inside a cell or subcellular compartment, such as a lysosome. In certain embodiments, a cleavable moiety is selectively cleaved by endogenous enzymes, such as nucleases.

In certain embodiments, a cleavable bond is selected from among: an amide, an ester, an ether, one or both esters of a phosphodiester, a phosphate ester, a carbamate, or a disulfide. In certain embodiments, a cleavable bond is one or both of the esters of a phosphodiester. In certain embodiments, a cleavable moiety comprises a phosphate or phosphodiester. In certain embodiments, the cleavable moiety is a phosphate linkage between an oligonucleotide and a conjugate moiety or conjugate group.

In certain embodiments, a cleavable moiety comprises or consists of one or more linker-nucleosides. In certain such embodiments, the one or more linker-nucleosides are linked to one another and/or to the remainder of the oligomeric compound through cleavable bonds. In certain embodiments, such cleavable bonds are unmodified phosphodiester bonds. In certain embodiments, a cleavable moiety is 2′-deoxy nucleoside that is attached to either the 3′ or 5′-terminal nucleoside of an oligonucleotide by a phosphate internucleoside linkage and covalently attached to the remainder of the conjugate linker or conjugate moiety by a phosphate or phosphorothioate linkage. In certain such embodiments, the cleavable moiety is 2′-deoxyadenosine.

B. Certain Terminal Groups

In certain embodiments, oligomeric compounds comprise one or more terminal groups. In certain such embodiments, oligomeric compounds comprise a stabilized 5′-phosphate. Stabilized 5′-phosphates include, but are not limited to 5′-phosphanates, including, but not limited to 5′-vinylphosphonates. In certain embodiments, terminal groups comprise one or more abasic nucleosides and/or inverted nucleosides. In certain embodiments, terminal groups comprise one or more 2′-linked nucleosides. In certain such embodiments, the 2′-linked nucleoside is an abasic nucleoside.

III. Oligomeric Duplexes

In certain embodiments, oligomeric compounds described herein comprise an oligonucleotide, having a nucleobase sequence complementary to that of a target nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, an oligomeric compound is paired with a second oligomeric compound to form an oligomeric duplex. Such oligomeric duplexes comprise a first oligomeric compound having a region complementary to a target nucleic acid and a second oligomeric compound having a region complementary to the first oligomeric compound. In certain embodiments, the first oligomeric compound of an oligomeric duplex comprises or consists of (1) a modified or unmodified oligonucleotide and optionally a conjugate group and (2) a second modified or unmodified oligonucleotide and optionally a conjugate group. Either or both oligomeric compounds of an oligomeric duplex may comprise a conjugate group. The oligonucleotides of each oligomeric compound of an oligomeric duplex may include non-complementary overhanging nucleosides.

IV. Antisense Activity

In certain embodiments, oligomeric compounds and oligomeric duplexes are capable of hybridizing to a target nucleic acid, resulting in at least one antisense activity; such oligomeric compounds and oligomeric duplexes are antisense compounds. In certain embodiments, antisense compounds have antisense activity when they reduce or inhibit the amount or activity of a target nucleic acid by 25% or more in the standard cell assay. In certain embodiments, antisense compounds selectively affect one or more target nucleic acid. Such antisense compounds comprise a nucleobase sequence that hybridizes to one or more target nucleic acid, resulting in one or more desired antisense activity and does not hybridize to one or more non-target nucleic acid or does not hybridize to one or more non-target nucleic acid in such a way that results in significant undesired antisense activity.

In certain antisense activities, hybridization of an antisense compound to a target nucleic acid results in recruitment of a protein that cleaves the target nucleic acid. For example, certain antisense compounds result in RNase H mediated cleavage of the target nucleic acid. RNase H is a cellular endonuclease that cleaves the RNA strand of an RNA:DNA duplex. The DNA in such an RNA:DNA duplex need not be unmodified DNA. In certain embodiments, described herein are antisense compounds that are sufficiently “DNA-like” to elicit RNase H activity. In certain embodiments, one or more non-DNA-like nucleoside in the gap of a gapmer is tolerated.

In certain antisense activities, an antisense compound or a portion of an antisense compound is loaded into an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), ultimately resulting in cleavage of the target nucleic acid. For example, certain antisense compounds result in cleavage of the target nucleic acid by Argonaute. Antisense compounds that are loaded into RISC are RNAi compounds. RNAi compounds may be double-stranded (siRNA) or single-stranded (ssRNA).

In certain embodiments, hybridization of an antisense compound to a target nucleic acid does not result in recruitment of a protein that cleaves that target nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, hybridization of the antisense compound to the target nucleic acid results in alteration of splicing of the target nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, hybridization of an antisense compound to a target nucleic acid results in inhibition of a binding interaction between the target nucleic acid and a protein or other nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, hybridization of an antisense compound to a target nucleic acid results in alteration of translation of the target nucleic acid.

Antisense activities may be observed directly or indirectly. In certain embodiments, observation or detection of an antisense activity involves observation or detection of a change in an amount of a target nucleic acid or protein encoded by such target nucleic acid, a change in the ratio of splice variants of a nucleic acid or protein and/or a phenotypic change in a cell or animal.

V. Certain Target Nucleic Acids

In certain embodiments, oligomeric compounds comprise or consist of an oligonucleotide comprising a region that is complementary to a target nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, the target nucleic acid is an endogenous RNA molecule. In certain embodiments, the target nucleic acid encodes a protein. In certain such embodiments, the target nucleic acid is selected from: a mature mRNA and a pre-mRNA, including intronic, exonic and untranslated regions. In certain embodiments, the target RNA is a mature mRNA. In certain embodiments, the target nucleic acid is a pre-mRNA. In certain such embodiments, the target region is entirely within an intron. In certain embodiments, the target region spans an intron/exon junction. In certain embodiments, the target region is at least 50% within an intron. In certain embodiments, the target nucleic acid is the RNA transcriptional product of a retrogene. In certain embodiments, the target nucleic acid is a non-coding RNA. In certain such embodiments, the target non-coding RNA is selected from: a long non-coding RNA, a short non-coding RNA, an intronic RNA molecule.

A. Complementarity/Mismatches to the Target Nucleic Acid

It is possible to introduce mismatch bases without eliminating activity. For example, Gautschi et al (J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 93:463-471, March 2001) demonstrated the ability of an oligonucleotide having 100% complementarity to the bcl-2 mRNA and having 3 mismatches to the bcl-xL mRNA to reduce the expression of both bcl-2 and bcl-xL in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, this oligonucleotide demonstrated potent anti-tumor activity in vivo. Maher and Dolnick (Nuc. Acid. Res. 16:3341-3358, 1988) tested a series of tandem 14 nucleobase oligonucleotides, and a 28 and 42 nucleobase oligonucleotides comprised of the sequence of two or three of the tandem oligonucleotides, respectively, for their ability to arrest translation of human DHFR in a rabbit reticulocyte assay. Each of the three 14 nucleobase oligonucleotides alone was able to inhibit translation, albeit at a more modest level than the 28 or 42 nucleobase oligonucleotides.

In certain embodiments, oligonucleotides are complementary to the target nucleic acid over the entire length of the oligonucleotide. In certain embodiments, oligonucleotides are 99%, 95%, 90%, 85%, or 80% complementary to the target nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, oligonucleotides are at least 80% complementary to the target nucleic acid over the entire length of the oligonucleotide and comprise a region that is 100% or fully complementary to a target nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, the region of full complementarity is from 6 to 20, 10 to 18, or 18 to 20 nucleobases in length.

In certain embodiments, oligonucleotides comprise one or more mismatched nucleobases relative to the target nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, antisense activity against the target is reduced by such mismatch, but activity against a non-target is reduced by a greater amount. Thus, in certain embodiments selectivity of the oligonucleotide is improved. In certain embodiments, the mismatch is specifically positioned within an oligonucleotide having a gapmer motif. In certain embodiments, the mismatch is at position 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 from the 5′-end of the gap region. In certain embodiments, the mismatch is at position 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 from the 3′-end of the gap region. In certain embodiments, the mismatch is at position 1, 2, 3, or 4 from the 5′-end of the wing region. In certain embodiments, the mismatch is at position 4, 3, 2, or 1 from the 3′-end of the wing region.

B. ATXN2

In certain embodiments, oligomeric compounds comprise or consist of an oligonucleotide comprising a region that is complementary to a target nucleic acid, wherein the target nucleic acid is ATXN2. In certain embodiments, ATXN2 nucleic acid has the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 (GENBANK Accession No: NM_002973.3) and SEQ ID NO: 2 (the complement of GENBANK Accession No: NT_009775.17 truncated from nucleotides 2465000 to 2616000).

In certain embodiments, contacting a cell with an oligomeric compound complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2 reduces the amount of ATXN2 mRNA, and in certain embodiments reduces the amount of Ataxin-2 protein. In certain embodiments, the oligomeric compound consists of a modified oligonucleotide. In certain embodiments, contacting a cell with an oligomeric compound complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2 ameliorates one or more symptom or hallmark of a neurodegenerative disease. In certain embodiments, the oligomeric compound consists of a modified oligonucleotide. In certain embodiments, the symptom or hallmark is ataxia, neuropathy, or aggregate formation. In certain embodiments, contacting a cell with a modified oligonucleotide complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2 results in improved motor function, reduced neuropathy, and reduction in number of aggregates. In certain embodiments, the oligomeric compound consists of a modified oligonucleotide.

C. Certain Target Nucleic Acids in Certain Tissues

In certain embodiments, oligomeric compounds comprise or consist of an oligonucleotide comprising a region that is complementary to a target nucleic acid, wherein the target nucleic acid is expressed in a pharmacologically relevant tissue. In certain embodiments, the pharmacologically relevant tissues are the cells and tissues that comprise the central nervous system (CNS). Such tissues include brain tissues, such as, cortex, spinal cord, hippocampus, pons, cerebellum, substantia nigra, red nucleus, medulla, thalamus, and dorsal root ganglia.

VI. Certain Pharmaceutical Compositions

In certain embodiments, described herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more oligomeric compounds. In certain embodiments, the one or more oligomeric compounds each consists of a modified oligonucleotide. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier. In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition comprises or consists of a sterile saline solution and one or more oligomeric compound. In certain embodiments, the sterile saline is pharmaceutical grade saline. In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition comprises or consists of one or more oligomeric compound and sterile water. In certain embodiments, the sterile water is pharmaceutical grade water. In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition comprises or consists of one or more oligomeric compound and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). In certain embodiments, the sterile PBS is pharmaceutical grade PBS. In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition comprises or consists of one or more oligomeric compound and artificial cerebrospinal fluid. In certain embodiments, the artificial cerebrospinal fluid is pharmaceutical grade.

In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition comprises a modified oligonucleotide and artificial cerebrospinal fluid. In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition consists of a modified oligonucleotide and artificial cerebrospinal fluid. In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition consists essentially of a modified oligonucleotide and artificial cerebrospinal fluid. In certain embodiments, the artificial cerebrospinal fluid is pharmaceutical grade.

In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions comprise one or more oligomeric compound and one or more excipients. In certain embodiments, excipients are selected from water, salt solutions, alcohol, polyethylene glycols, gelatin, lactose, amylase, magnesium stearate, talc, silicic acid, viscous paraffin, hydroxymethylcellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone.

In certain embodiments, oligomeric compounds may be admixed with pharmaceutically acceptable active and/or inert substances for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions or formulations. Compositions and methods for the formulation of pharmaceutical compositions depend on a number of criteria, including, but not limited to, route of administration, extent of disease, or dose to be administered.

In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions comprising an oligomeric compound encompass any pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the oligomeric compound, esters of the oligomeric compound, or salts of such esters. In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions comprising oligomeric compounds comprising one or more oligonucleotide, upon administration to an animal, including a human, are capable of providing (directly or indirectly) the biologically active metabolite or residue thereof. Accordingly, for example, the disclosure is also drawn to pharmaceutically acceptable salts of oligomeric compounds, prodrugs, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such prodrugs, and other bioequivalents. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, sodium and potassium salts. In certain embodiments, prodrugs comprise one or more conjugate group attached to an oligonucleotide, wherein the conjugate group is cleaved by endogenous nucleases within the body.

Lipid moieties have been used in nucleic acid therapies in a variety of methods. In certain such methods, the nucleic acid, such as an oligomeric compound, is introduced into preformed liposomes or lipoplexes made of mixtures of cationic lipids and neutral lipids. In certain methods, DNA complexes with mono- or poly-cationic lipids are formed without the presence of a neutral lipid. In certain embodiments, a lipid moiety is selected to increase distribution of a pharmaceutical agent to a particular cell or tissue. In certain embodiments, a lipid moiety is selected to increase distribution of a pharmaceutical agent to fat tissue. In certain embodiments, a lipid moiety is selected to increase distribution of a pharmaceutical agent to muscle tissue.

In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions comprise a delivery system. Examples of delivery systems include, but are not limited to, liposomes and emulsions. Certain delivery systems are useful for preparing certain pharmaceutical compositions including those comprising hydrophobic compounds. In certain embodiments, certain organic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide are used.

In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions comprise one or more tissue-specific delivery molecules designed to deliver the one or more pharmaceutical agents of the present invention to specific tissues or cell types. For example, in certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions include liposomes coated with a tissue-specific antibody.

In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions comprise a co-solvent system. Certain of such co-solvent systems comprise, for example, benzyl alcohol, a nonpolar surfactant, a water-miscible organic polymer, and an aqueous phase. In certain embodiments, such co-solvent systems are used for hydrophobic compounds. A non-limiting example of such a co-solvent system is the VPD co-solvent system, which is a solution of absolute ethanol comprising 3% w/v benzyl alcohol, 8% w/v of the nonpolar surfactant Polysorbate 80™ and 65% w/v polyethylene glycol 300. The proportions of such co-solvent systems may be varied considerably without significantly altering their solubility and toxicity characteristics. Furthermore, the identity of co-solvent components may be varied: for example, other surfactants may be used instead of Polysorbate 80™; the fraction size of polyethylene glycol may be varied; other biocompatible polymers may replace polyethylene glycol, e.g., polyvinyl pyrrolidone; and other sugars or polysaccharides may substitute for dextrose.

In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions are prepared for oral administration. In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions are prepared for buccal administration. In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition is prepared for administration by injection (e.g., intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intrathecal (IT), intracerebroventricular (ICV), etc.). In certain of such embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition comprises a carrier and is formulated in aqueous solution, such as water or physiologically compatible buffers such as Hanks's solution, Ringer's solution, or physiological saline buffer. In certain embodiments, other ingredients are included (e.g., ingredients that aid in solubility or serve as preservatives). In certain embodiments, injectable suspensions are prepared using appropriate liquid carriers, suspending agents and the like. Certain pharmaceutical compositions for injection are presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampoules or in multi-dose containers. Certain pharmaceutical compositions for injection are suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents. Certain solvents suitable for use in pharmaceutical compositions for injection include, but are not limited to, lipophilic solvents and fatty oils, such as sesame oil, synthetic fatty acid esters, such as ethyl oleate or triglycerides, and liposomes.

Under certain conditions, certain compounds disclosed herein act as acids. Although such compounds may be drawn or described in protonated (free acid) form, in ionized (anion) form, or ionized and in association with a cation (salt) form, aqueous solutions of such compounds exist in equilibrium among such forms. For example, a phosphate linkage of an oligonucleotide in aqueous solution exists in equilibrium among free acid, anion, and salt forms. Unless otherwise indicated, compounds described herein are intended to include all such forms. Moreover, certain oligonucleotides have several such linkages, each of which is in equilibrium. Thus, oligonucleotides in solution exist in an ensemble of forms at multiple positions all at equilibrium. The term “oligonucleotide” is intended to include all such forms. Drawn structures necessarily depict a single form. Nevertheless, unless otherwise indicated, such drawings are likewise intended to include corresponding forms. Herein, a structure depicting the free acid of a compound followed by the term “or salts thereof” expressly includes all such forms that may be fully or partially protonated/de-protonated/in association with a cation. In certain instances, one or more specific cation is identified.

In certain embodiments, oligomeric compounds disclosed herein are in aqueous solution with sodium. In certain embodiments, oligomeric compounds are in aqueous solution with potassium. In certain embodiments, oligomeric compounds are in artificial CSF. In certain embodiments, oligomeric compounds are in PBS. In certain embodiments, oligomeric compounds are in water. In certain such embodiments, the pH of the solution is adjusted with NaOH and/or HCl to achieve a desired pH.

VII. Certain Compositions

1. Compound No: 874218

Compound No: 874218 may be characterized as a 5-10-5 MOE gapmer, having a sequence of (from 5′ to 3′) GTACTTTTCTCATGTGCGGC (incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 1714), wherein each of nucleosides 1-5 and 16-20 (from 5′ to 3′) comprise a 2′-MOE modification and each of nucleosides 6-15 are 2′-deoxynucleosides, wherein the internucleoside linkages between nucleosides 2 to 3, 3 to 4, 4 to 5, 5 to 6, 16 to 17, and 17 to 18 are phosphodiester internucleoside linkages and the internucleoside linkages between nucleosides 1 to 2, 6 to 7, 7 to 8, 8 to 9, 9 to 10, 10 to 11, 11 to 12, 12 to 13, 13 to 14, 14 to 15, 15 to 16, 18 to 19, and 19 to 20 are phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages, and wherein each cytosine is a 5-methyl cytosine.

Compound No: 780241 may be characterized by the following chemical notation: Ges Teo Aeo mCeo Teo Tds Tds Tds mCds Tds mCds Ads Tds Gds Tds Geo mCeo Ges Ges mCe; wherein,

A=an adenine nucleobase,

mC=a 5-methyl cytosine nucleobase,

G=a guanine nucleobase,

T=a thymine nucleobase,

e=a 2′-MOE modified sugar,

d=a 2′-deoxyribose sugar,

s=a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage, and

o=a phosphodiester internucleoside linkage.

Compound No: 874218 may be represented by the following chemical structure:

Structure 1. Compound No. 874218

In certain embodiments, the sodium salt of Compound No: 874218 may be represented by the following chemical structure:

Structure 2. The Sodium Salt of Compound No. 874218

2. Compound No: 1008854

Compound No: 1008854 may be characterized as a 4-10-6 MOE gapmer, having a sequence of (from 5′ to 3′) CTGCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTT (incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 1255), wherein each of nucleosides 1-4 and 15-20 (from 5′ to 3′) comprise a 2′-MOE modification and each of nucleosides 5-14 are 2′-deoxynucleosides, wherein the internucleoside linkages between nucleosides 2 to 3, 3 to 4, 4 to 5, 15 to 16, 16 to 17, 17 to 18 are phosphodiester internucleoside linkages and the internucleoside linkages between nucleosides 1 to 2, 5 to 6, 6 to 7, 7 to 8, 8 to 9, 9 to 10, 10 to 11, 11 to 12, 12 to 13, 13 to 14, 14 to 15, 18 to 19, and 19 to 20 are phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages, and wherein each cytosine is a 5-methyl cytosine.

Compound No: 1008854 may be characterized by the following chemical notation: mCes Teo Geo mCeo Tds Ads Ads mCds Tds Gds Gds Tds Tds Tds Geo mCeo mCeo mCes Tes Te; wherein,

A=an adenine nucleobase,

mC=a 5-methyl cytosine nucleobase,

G=a guanine nucleobase,

T=a thymine nucleobase,

e=a 2′-MOE modified sugar,

d=a 2′-deoxyribose sugar,

s=a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage, and

o=a phosphodiester internucleoside linkage.

Compound No: 1008854 may be represented by the following chemical structure:

Structure 3. Compound No. 1008854

In certain embodiments, the sodium salt of Compound No: 1008854 may be represented by the following chemical structure:

Structure 4. Sodium Salt of Compound No. 1008854

3. Compound No: 1008862

Compound No: 1008862 may be characterized as a 6-10-4 MOE gapmer, having a sequence of (from 5′ to 3′) TGTACTTCACATTTGGAGCC (incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 1185), wherein each of nucleosides 1-6 and 17-20 (from 5′ to 3′) comprise a 2′-MOE modification and each of nucleosides 7-16 are 2′-deoxynucleosides, wherein the internucleoside linkages between nucleosides 2 to 3, 3 to 4, 4 to 5, 5 to 6, 6 to 7, and 17 to 18 are phosphodiester internucleoside linkages and the internucleoside linkages between nucleosides 1 to 2, 7 to 8, 8 to 9, 9 to 10, 10 to 11, 11 to 12, 12 to 13, 13 to 14, 14 to 15, 15 to 16, 16 to 17, 18 to 19, and 19 to 20 are phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages, and wherein each cytosine is a 5-methyl cytosine.

Compound No: 1008862 may be characterized by the following chemical notation: Tes Geo Teo Aeo mCeo Teo Tds mCds Ads mCds Ads Tds Tds Tds Gds Gds Aeo Ges mCes mCe; wherein,

A=an adenine nucleobase,

mC=a 5-methyl cytosine nucleobase,

G=a guanine nucleobase,

T=a thymine nucleobase,

e=a 2′-MOE modified sugar,

d=a 2′-deoxyribose sugar,

s=a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage, and

o=a phosphodiester internucleoside linkage.

Compound No: 1008862 may be represented by the following chemical structure:

Structure 5. Compound No. 1008862

In certain embodiments, the sodium salt of Compound No: 1008862 may be represented by the following chemical structure:

Structure 6. The Sodium Salt of Compound No. 1008862

4. Compound No: 1008870

Compound No: 1008870 may be characterized as a 6-10-4 MOE gapmer, having a sequence of (from 5′ to 3′) TGGATTCTGTACTTTTCTCA (incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 3235), wherein each of nucleosides 1-6 and 17-20 (from 5′ to 3′) comprise a 2′-MOE modification and each of nucleosides 7-16 are 2′-deoxynucleosides, wherein the internucleoside linkages between nucleosides 2 to 3, 3 to 4, 4 to 5, 5 to 6, 6 to 7, and 17 to 18, are phosphodiester internucleoside linkages and the internucleoside linkages between nucleosides 1 to 2, 7 to 8, 8 to 9, 9 to 10, 10 to 11, 11 to 12, 12 to 13, 13 to 14, 14 to 15, 15 to 16, 16 to 17, 18 to 19, and 19 to 20 are phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages, and wherein each cytosine is a 5-methyl cytosine.

Compound No: 1008870 may be characterized by the following chemical notation: Tes Geo Geo Aeo Teo Teo mCds Tds Gds Tds Ads mCds Tds Tds Tds Tds mCeo Tes mCes Ae; wherein,

A=an adenine nucleobase,

mC=a 5-methyl cytosine nucleobase,

G=a guanine nucleobase,

T=a thymine nucleobase,

e=a 2′-MOE modified sugar,

d=a 2′-deoxyribose sugar,

s=a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage, and

o=a phosphodiester internucleoside linkage.

Compound No: 1008870 may be represented by the following chemical structure:

Structure 7. Compound No. 1008870

In certain embodiments, the sodium salt of Compound No: 1008870 may be represented by the following chemical structure:

Structure 8. The Sodium salt of Compound No. 1008870

5. Compound No: 1008874

Compound No: 1008874 may be characterized as a 6-10-4 MOE gapmer, having a sequence of (from 5′ to 3′) CCTATCATCATTTTCCAGGG (incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 158), wherein each of nucleosides 1-6 and 17-20 (from 5′ to 3′) comprise a 2′-MOE modification and each of nucleosides 7-16 are 2′-deoxynucleosides, wherein the internucleoside linkages between nucleosides 2 to 3, 3 to 4, 4 to 5, 5 to 6, 6 to 7, and 17 to 18 are phosphodiester internucleoside linkages and the internucleoside linkages between nucleosides 1 to 2, 7 to 8, 8 to 9, 9 to 10, 10 to 11, 11 to 12, 12 to 13, 13 to 14, 14 to 15, 15 to 16, 16 to 17, 18 to 19, and 19 to 20 are phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages, and wherein each cytosine is a 5-methyl cytosine.

Compound No: 1008874 may be characterized by the following chemical notation: mCes mCeo Teo Aeo Teo mCeo Ads Tds mCds Ads Tds Tds Tds Tds mCds mCds Aeo Ges Ges Ge; wherein,

A=an adenine nucleobase,

mC=a 5-methyl cytosine nucleobase,

G=a guanine nucleobase,

T=a thymine nucleobase,

e=a 2′-MOE modified sugar,

d=a 2′-deoxyribose sugar,

s=a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage, and

o=a phosphodiester internucleoside linkage.

Compound No: 1008874 may be represented by the following chemical structure:

Structure 9. Compound No. 1008874

In certain embodiments, the sodium salt of Compound No: 1008874 may be represented by the following chemical structure:

Structure 10. Sodium Salt of Compound No. 1008874

6. Compound No: 1008910

Compound No: 1008910 may be characterized as a 5-10-5 MOE gapmer, having a sequence of (from 5′ to 3′) TCTGTACTTTTCTCATGTGC (incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 2544), wherein each of nucleosides 1-5 and 16-20 (from 5′ to 3′) comprise a 2′-MOE modification and each of nucleosides 6-15 are 2′-deoxynucleosides, wherein the internucleoside linkages between nucleosides 2 to 3, 3 to 4, 4 to 5, 16 to 17, and 17 to 18 are phosphodiester internucleoside linkages and the internucleoside linkages between nucleosides 1 to 2, 5 to 6, 6 to 7, 7 to 8, 8 to 9, 9 to 10, 10 to 11, 11 to 12, 12 to 13, 13 to 14, 14 to 15, 15 to 16, 18 to 19, and 19 to 20 are phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages, and wherein each cytosine is a 5-methyl cytosine.

Compound No: 1008910 may be characterized by the following chemical notation: Tes mCeo Teo Geo Tes Ads mCds Tds Tds Tds Tds mCds Tds mCds Ads Teo Geo Tes Ges mCe; wherein,

A=an adenine nucleobase,

mC=a 5-methyl cytosine nucleobase,

G=a guanine nucleobase,

T=a thymine nucleobase,

e=a 2′-MOE modified sugar,

d=a 2′-deoxyribose sugar,

s=a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage, and

o=a phosphodiester internucleoside linkage.

Compound No: 1008910 may be represented by the following chemical structure:

Structure 11. Compound No. 1008910

In certain embodiments, the sodium salt of Compound No: 1008910 may be represented by the following chemical structure:

Structure 12. The Sodium Salt of Compound No. 1008910

VIII. Certain Comparator Compositions

In certain embodiments, Compound No. 564122, which was previously described in WO 2015/143246 and in Scoles et al., Nature, 2017, 544(7650):362-366 (both of which are incorporated herein by reference) is a comparator compound. Compound No. 564122 is a 5-10-5 MOE gapmer, having a sequence from (from 5′ to 3′) TGCATAGATTCCATCAAAAG (incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 67), wherein each cytosine is a 5-methylcytosine, each internucleoside linkage is a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage, and each of nucleosides 1-5 and 16-20 comprise a 2′-OCH₂CH₂OCH₃ group.

In certain embodiments, Compound No. 564127, which was previously described in WO 2015/143246 and in Scoles, 2017 is a comparator compound. Compound No. 564127 is a 5-10-5 MOE gapmer, having a sequence from (from 5′ to 3′) CTCTCCATTATTTCTTCACG (incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 33), wherein each cytosine is a 5-methylcytosine, each internucleoside linkage is a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage, and each of nucleosides 1-5 and 16-20 comprise a 2′-OCH₂CH₂OCH₃ group.

In certain embodiments, Compound No. 564133, which was previously described in WO 2015/143246 and in Scoles, 2017 is a comparator compound. Compound No. 564133 is a 5-10-5 MOE gapmer, having a sequence from (from 5′ to 3′) GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC (incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 32), wherein each cytosine is a 5-methylcytosine, each internucleoside linkage is a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage, and each of nucleosides 1-5 and 16-20 comprise a 2′-OCH₂CH₂OCH₃ group.

In certain embodiments, Compound No. 564143, which was previously described in WO 2015/143246 and in Scoles, 2017 is a comparator compound. Compound No. 564143 is a 5-10-5 MOE gapmer, having a sequence from (from 5′ to 3′) GGAGCTGGAGAACCATGAGC (incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 188), wherein each cytosine is a 5-methylcytosine, each internucleoside linkage is a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage, and each of nucleosides 1-5 and 16-20 comprise a 2′-OCH₂CH₂OCH₃ group.

In certain embodiments, Compound No. 564150, which was previously described in WO 2015/143246 and in Scoles, 2017 is a comparator compound. Compound No. 564150 is a 5-10-5 MOE gapmer, having a sequence from (from 5′ to 3′) CTGGTACAGTTGCTGCTGCT (incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 330), wherein each cytosine is a 5-methylcytosine, each internucleoside linkage is a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage, and each of nucleosides 1-5 and 16-20 comprise a 2′-OCH₂CH₂OCH₃ group.

In certain embodiments, Compound No. 564188, which was previously described in WO 2015/143246 and in Scoles, 2017 is a comparator compound. Compound No. 564188 is a 5-10-5 MOE gapmer, having a sequence from (from 5′ to 3′) CCCAAAGGGTTAATTAGGAT (incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 2901), wherein each cytosine is a 5-methylcytosine, each internucleoside linkage is a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage, and each of nucleosides 1-5 and 16-20 comprise a 2′-OCH₂CH₂OCH₃ group.

In certain embodiments, Compound No. 564210, which was previously described in WO 2015/143246 and in Scoles, 2017 is a comparator compound. Compound No. 564210 is a 5-10-5 MOE gapmer, having a sequence from (from 5′ to 3′) CCCATACGCGGTGAATTCTG (incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 112), wherein each cytosine is a 5-methylcytosine, each internucleoside linkage is a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage, and each of nucleosides 1-5 and 16-20 comprise a 2′-OCH₂CH₂OCH₃ group.

In certain embodiments, Compound No. 564216, which was previously described in WO 2015/143246 and in Scoles, 2017 is a comparator compound. Compound No. 564216 is a 5-10-5 MOE gapmer, having a sequence from (from 5′ to 3′) GTGGGATACAAATTCTAGGC (incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 190), wherein each cytosine is a 5-methylcytosine, each internucleoside linkage is a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage, and each of nucleosides 1-5 and 16-20 comprise a 2′-OCH₂CH₂OCH₃ group.

In certain embodiments, compounds described herein are superior relative to compounds described in WO 2015/143246 and in Scoles, 2017 because they demonstrate one or more improved properties.

Compound 874218

For example, as provided in Example 13 (hereinbelow), Compound 874218 demonstrated a functional observational battery (FOB) score of 1.00 in wild-type mice whereas each of Comparator Compounds Nos: 564122, 564127, 564133, 564143, 564150, 564188, 564210, and 564216 demonstrated a FOB score of 7.00. Therefore, Compound 874218 is demonstrably more tolerable than each of Comparator Compounds Nos: 564122, 564127, 564133, 564143, 564150, 564188, 564210, and 564216 in this assay.

Compound 1008854

For example, as provided in Example 13 (hereinbelow), Compound 1008854 demonstrated a functional observational battery (FOB) score of 1.00 in wild-type mice whereas each of Comparator Compounds Nos: 564122, 564127, 564133, 564143, 564150, 564188, 564210, and 564216 demonstrated a FOB score of 7.00. Therefore, Compound 1008854 is demonstrably more tolerable than each of Comparator Compounds Nos: 564122, 564127, 564133, 564143, 564150, 564188, 564210, and 564216 in this assay.

Compound 1008862

For example, as provided in Example 13 (hereinbelow), Compound 1008862 demonstrated a functional observational battery (FOB) score of 2.50 in wild-type mice whereas each of Comparator Compounds Nos: 564122, 564127, 564133, 564143, 564150, 564188, 564210, and 564216 demonstrated a FOB score of 7.00. Therefore, Compound 1008862 is demonstrably more tolerable than each of Comparator Compounds Nos: 564122, 564127, 564133, 564143, 564150, 564188, 564210, and 564216 in this assay.

Compound 1008870

For example, as provided in Example 13 (hereinbelow), Compound 1008870 demonstrated a functional observational battery (FOB) score of 1.00 in wild-type mice whereas each of Comparator Compounds Nos: 564122, 564127, 564133, 564143, 564150, 564188, 564210, and 564216 demonstrated a FOB score of 7.00. Therefore, Compound 1008870 is demonstrably more tolerable than each of Comparator Compounds Nos: 564122, 564127, 564133, 564143, 564150, 564188, 564210, and 564216 in this assay.

Compound 1008874

For example, as provided in Example 13 (hereinbelow), Compound 1008874 demonstrated a functional observational battery (FOB) score of 1.25 in wild-type mice whereas each of Comparator Compounds Nos: 564122, 564127, 564133, 564143, 564150, 564188, 564210, and 564216 demonstrated a FOB score of 7.00. Therefore, Compound 1008874 is demonstrably more tolerable than each of Comparator Compounds Nos: 564122, 564127, 564133, 564143, 564150, 564188, 564210, and 564216 in this assay.

Compound 1008910

For example, as provided in Example 13 (hereinbelow), Compound 1008910 demonstrated a functional observational battery (FOB) score of 0.00 in wild-type mice whereas each of Comparator Compounds Nos: 564122, 564127, 564133, 564143, 564150, 564188, 564210, and 564216 demonstrated a FOB score of 7.00. Therefore, Compound 1008910 is demonstrably more tolerable than each of Comparator Compounds Nos: 564122, 564127, 564133, 564143, 564150, 564188, 564210, and 564216 in this assay.

IX. Certain Hotspot Regions

1. Nucleobases 2,455-2,483 of SEQ ID NO: 1

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 2,455-2,483 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 2,455-2,483 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 286, 287, 1113, 1188, 1260, 1336, 1412, 2391, 2468, and 3002 are complementary to nucleobases 2,455-2,483 of SEQ ID NO: 1.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 2,455-2,483 of SEQ ID NO: 1 achieve at least 67% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

2. Nucleobases 4,393-4,424 of SEQ ID NO: 1

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 4,393-4,424 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 4,393-4,424 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 1945, 2020, 2316, 2392, 2469, 2546, 2623, 2697, 2926, 3003, 3080, and 3157 are complementary to nucleobases 4,393-4,424 of SEQ ID NO: 1.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 4,393-4,424 of SEQ ID NO: 1 achieve at least 64% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

3. Nucleobases 4,413-4,437 of SEQ ID NO: 1

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 4,413-4,437 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 4,413-4,437 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 2247, 2317, 2393, 2470, 2927, and 3004 are complementary to nucleobases 4,413-4,437 of SEQ ID NO: 1.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 4,413-4,437 of SEQ ID NO: 1 achieve at least 68% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

4. Nucleobases 4,525-4,554 of SEQ ID NO: 2 In certain embodiments, nucleobases 4,525-4,554 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 4,525-4,554 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 1948, 2319, 2549, 2625, 2701, 2777, 2853, 2929, 3006, 3083, and 3160 are complementary to nucleobases 4,525-4,554 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 4,525-4,554 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 79% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

5. Nucleobases 4,748-4,771 of SEQ ID NO: 2

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 4,748-4,771 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 4,748-4,771 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 2175, 2626, 2702, 2778, and 3161 are complementary to nucleobases 4,748-4,771 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 4,748-4,771 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 70% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

6. Nucleobases 9,927-9,954 of SEQ ID NO: 2

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 9,927-9,954 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 9,927-9,954 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 2177, 2399, 2476, 2553, 2629, 2705, 3010, 3087, and 3164 are complementary to nucleobases 9,927-9,954 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 9,927-9,954 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 62% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay. 7. Nucleobases 10,345-10,368 of SEQ ID NO: 2

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 10,345-10,368 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 10,345-10,368 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 2323, 2400, 2477, 2933, and 3011 are complementary to nucleobases 10,345-10,368 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 10,345-10,368 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 87% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

8. Nucleobases 17,153-17,182 of SEQ ID NO: 2

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 17,153-17,182 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 17,153-17,182 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 973, 2479, 2556, 2632, 2708, 2784, 2860, 2936, 3013, 3090, and 3167 are complementary to nucleobases 17,153-17,182 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 17,153-17,182 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 68% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay. 9. Nucleobases 18,680-18,702 of SEQ ID NO: 2

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 18,680-18,702 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 18,680-18,702 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 2256, 2557, 3014, and 3091 are complementary to nucleobases 18,680-18,702 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 18,680-18,702 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 65% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

10. Nucleobases 23,251-23,276 of SEQ ID NO: 2

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 23,251-23,276 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 23,251-23,276 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 1805, 2635, 2711, 2787, 2863, 2939, and 3170 are complementary to nucleobases 23,251-23,276 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 23,251-23,276 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 64% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

11. Nucleobases 28,081-28,105 of SEQ ID NO: 2

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 28,081-28,105 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 28,081-28,105 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 2259, 2331, 2713, 2789, 2865, and 2941 are complementary to nucleobases 28,081-28,105 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 28,081-28,105 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 62% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

12. Nucleobases 28,491-28,526 of SEQ ID NO: 2

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 28,491-28,526 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 28,491-28,526 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 669, 746, 2562, 2638, 2714, 2790, 2866, 3019, 3096, and 3173 are complementary to nucleobases 28,491-28,526 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 28,491-28,526 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 67% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

13. Nucleobases 28,885-28,912 of SEQ ID NO: 2

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 28,885-28,912 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 28,885-28,912 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 977, 2486, 2563, 2639, 2715, 2791, 3020, 3097, and 3174 are complementary to nucleobases 28,885-28,912 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 28,885-28,912 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 75% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

14. Nucleobases 32,328-32,352 of SEQ ID NO: 2

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 32,328-32,352 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 32,328-32,352 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 2109, 2334, 2411, 2488, 2565, and 3022 are complementary to nucleobases 32,328-32,352 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 32,328-32,352 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 66% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

15. Nucleobases 32,796-32,824 of SEQ ID NO: 2

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 32,796-32,824 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 32,796-32,824 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 902, 2335, 2412, 2489, 2566, 2869, 2945, 3023, 3100, and 3177 are complementary to nucleobases 32,796-32,824 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 32,796-32,824 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 72% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

16. Nucleobases 32,809-32,838 of SEQ ID NO: 2

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 32,809-32,838 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 32,809-32,838 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 979, 2336, 2413, 2490, 2567, 2643, 2870, 2946, 3024, 3101, and 3178 are complementary to nucleobases 32,809-32,838 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 32,809-32,838 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 60% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

17. Nucleobases 36,308-36,334 of SEQ ID NO: 2

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 36,308-36,334 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 36,308-36,334 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 1280, 2338, 2415, 2644, 2720, 2796, 2872, and 2948 are complementary to nucleobases 36,308-36,334 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 36,308-36,334 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 69% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

18. Nucleobases 36,845-36,872 of SEQ ID NO: 2

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 36,845-36,872 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 36,845-36,872 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 2035, 2339, 2645, 2721, 2797, 2873, 2949, 3103, and 3180 are complementary to nucleobases 36,845-36,872 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 36,845-36,872 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 63% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

19. Nucleobases 49,147-49,173 of SEQ ID NO: 2

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 49,147-49,173 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 49,147-49,173 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 1439, 2575, 2651, 2727, 2803, 3032, 3109, and 3186 are complementary to nucleobases 49,147-49,173 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 49,147-49,173 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 69% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

20. Nucleobases 57,469-57,494 of SEQ ID NO: 2

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 57,469-57,494 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 57,469-57,494 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 2045, 2121, 2426, 2503, 2580, 3037, and 3114 are complementary to nucleobases 57,469-57,494 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 57,469-57,494 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 49% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

21. Nucleobases 82,848-82,874 of SEQ ID NO: 2

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 82,848-82,874 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 82,848-82,874 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 1982, 2359, 2436, 2513, 2590, 2969, 3047, and 3124 are complementary to nucleobases 82,848-82,874 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 82,848-82,874 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 57% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

22. Nucleobases 83,784-83,813 of SEQ ID NO: 2

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 83,784-83,813 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 83,784-83,813 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 849, 2361, 2438, 2515, 2592, 2668, 2744, 2971, 3049, 3126, and 3203 are complementary to nucleobases 83,784-83,813 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 83,784-83,813 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 76% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

23. Nucleobases 84,743-84,782 of SEQ ID NO: 2

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 84,743-84,782 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 84,743-84,782 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 2210, 2441, 2518, 2595, 2671, 2747, 2823, 2899, 2975, 3052, 3129, and 3206 are complementary to nucleobases 84,743-84,782 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 84,743-84,782 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 58% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

24. Nucleobases 84,813-84,839 of SEQ ID NO: 2

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 84,813-84,839 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 84,813-84,839 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 542, 2286, 2672, 2748, 2824, 2900, 3130, and 3207 are complementary to nucleobases 84,813-84,839 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 84,813-84,839 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 69% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

25. Nucleobases 85,051-85,076 of SEQ ID NO: 2

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 85,051-85,076 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 85,051-85,076 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 773, 850, 2673, 2749, 2825, 3131, and 3208 are complementary to nucleobases 85,051-85,076 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 85,051-85,076 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 57% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

26. Nucleobases 97,618-97,643 of SEQ ID NO: 2

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 97,618-97,643 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 97,618-97,643 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 1839, 2370, 2447, 2524, 2904, 2980, and 3058 are complementary to nucleobases 97,618-97,643 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 97,618-97,643 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 72% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

27. Nucleobases 119,023-119,048 of SEQ ID NO: 2

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 119,023-119,048 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 119,023-119,048 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 2072, 2606, 2682, 2758, 2834, 3140, and 3217 are complementary to nucleobases 119,023-119,048 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 119,023-119,048 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 69% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

28. Nucleobases 132,161-132,195 of SEQ ID NO: 2

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 132,161-132,195 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 132,161-132,195 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 1927, 2002, 2381, 2458, 2763, 2839, 2915, and 2991 are complementary to nucleobases 132,161-132,195 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 132,161-132,195 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 78% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

29. Nucleobases 139,271-139,303 of SEQ ID NO: 2

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 139,271-139,303 of SEQ ID NO: 2 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 139,271-139,303 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 795, 872, 2540, 2617, 3074, and 3151 are complementary to nucleobases 139,271-139,303 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 139,271-139,303 of SEQ ID NO: 2 achieve at least 61% reduction of ATXN2 RNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

30. Nucleobases 1,075-1,146 of SEQ ID NO: 1

In certain embodiments, nucleobases 1,075-1,146 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprise a hotspot region. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are complementary to nucleobases 1,075-1,146 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are 20 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides are gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the gapmers are 6-10-4 MOE gapmers. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotides are phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss. In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: In certain embodiments, the phosphodiester (“o”) and phosphorothioate (“s”) internucleoside linkages are arranged in order from 5′ to 3′: soooossssssssssooss.

The nucleobase sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 33, 1485, 1561, 1637, 1714, 1788, 1861, 1936, 2013, 2088, 2164, 2467, 2544, 3001, 3232, 3233, 3234, 3235, 3237, 3238, 3239, 3298, 3299, 3300, and 3301 are complementary to nucleobases 1,075-1,146 of SEQ ID NO: 1.

In certain embodiments, modified oligonucleotides complementary to nucleobases 1,075-1,146 of SEQ ID NO: 1 achieve at least 49% reduction of ATXN2 mRNA in vitro in the standard cell assay.

Nonlimiting Disclosure and Incorporation by Reference

Each of the literature and patent publications listed herein is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

While certain compounds, compositions and methods described herein have been described with specificity in accordance with certain embodiments, the following examples serve only to illustrate the compounds described herein and are not intended to limit the same. Each of the references, GenBank accession numbers, and the like recited in the present application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Although the sequence listing accompanying this filing identifies each sequence as either “RNA” or “DNA” as required, in reality, those sequences may be modified with any combination of chemical modifications. One of skill in the art will readily appreciate that such designation as “RNA” or “DNA” to describe modified oligonucleotides is, in certain instances, arbitrary. For example, an oligonucleotide comprising a nucleoside comprising a 2′-OH sugar moiety and a thymine base could be described as a DNA having a modified sugar (2′-OH in place of one 2′-H of DNA) or as an RNA having a modified base (thymine (methylated uracil) in place of a uracil of RNA). Accordingly, nucleic acid sequences provided herein, including, but not limited to those in the sequence listing, are intended to encompass nucleic acids containing any combination of natural or modified RNA and/or DNA, including, but not limited to such nucleic acids having modified nucleobases. By way of further example and without limitation, an oligomeric compound having the nucleobase sequence “ATCGATCG” encompasses any oligomeric compounds having such nucleobase sequence, whether modified or unmodified, including, but not limited to, such compounds comprising RNA bases, such as those having sequence “AUCGAUCG” and those having some DNA bases and some RNA bases such as “AUCGATCG” and oligomeric compounds having other modified nucleobases, such as “AT^(m)CGAUCG,” wherein mC indicates a cytosine base comprising a methyl group at the 5-position.

Certain compounds described herein (e.g., modified oligonucleotides) have one or more asymmetric center and thus give rise to enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomeric configurations that may be defined, in terms of absolute stereochemistry, as (R) or (S), as α or β such as for sugar anomers, or as (D) or (L), such as for amino acids, etc. Compounds provided herein that are drawn or described as having certain stereoisomeric configurations include only the indicated compounds. Compounds provided herein that are drawn or described with undefined stereochemistry include all such possible isomers, including their stereorandom and optically pure forms, unless specified otherwise. Likewise, tautomeric forms of the compounds herein are also included unless otherwise indicated. Unless otherwise indicated, compounds described herein are intended to include corresponding salt forms.

The compounds described herein include variations in which one or more atoms are replaced with a non-radioactive isotope or radioactive isotope of the indicated element. For example, compounds herein that comprise hydrogen atoms encompass all possible deuterium substitutions for each of the ¹H hydrogen atoms. Isotopic substitutions encompassed by the compounds herein include but are not limited to: ²H or ³H in place of ¹H, ¹³C or ¹⁴C in place of ¹²C, ¹⁵N in place of ¹⁴N, ¹⁷O or ¹⁸O in place of ¹⁶O, and ³³S, ³⁴S, ³⁵S, or ³⁶S in place of ³²S. In certain embodiments, non-radioactive isotopic substitutions may impart new properties on the oligomeric compound that are beneficial for use as a therapeutic or research tool. In certain embodiments, radioactive isotopic substitutions may make the compound suitable for research or diagnostic purposes such as imaging.

EXAMPLES

The following examples illustrate certain embodiments of the present disclosure and are not limiting. Moreover, where specific embodiments are provided, the inventors have contemplated generic application of those specific embodiments. For example, disclosure of an oligonucleotide having a particular motif provides reasonable support for additional oligonucleotides having the same or similar motif. And, for example, where a particular high-affinity modification appears at a particular position, other high-affinity modifications at the same position are considered suitable, unless otherwise indicated.

Example 1: Effect of 5-10-5 MOE Gapmers with Mixed Internucleoside Linkages on Human ATXN2 RNA In Vitro, Single Dose

Modified oligonucleotides complementary to a human ATXN2 nucleic acid were designed and tested for their effect on ATXN2 RNA in SCA2-04 cells. SCA2-04 is a patient fibroblast cell line with 34 CAG repeats. The modified oligonucleotides were tested in a series of experiments that had similar culture conditions.

Cultured SCA2-04 cells at a density of 20,000 cells per well were transfected using electroporation with 2,000 or 7,000 nM concentration of modified oligonucleotide, as indicated in the tables below, or no modified oligonucleotide for untreated controls. After approximately 24 hours, RNA was isolated from the cells and ATXN2 RNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR Human primer probe set hAtaxin_LTS01321 (forward sequence ATATGGACTCCAGTTATGCAAAAAGA, designated herein as SEQ ID NO: 10; reverse sequence TCGCCATTCACTTTAGCACTGA, designated herein as SEQ ID NO: 11; probe sequence ATGCTTTTACTGACTCTGC, designated herein as SEQ ID: 12) was used to measure RNA levels. ATXN2 RNA levels were adjusted according to total RNA content, as measured by RIBOGREEN®. Results are presented in the tables below as percent ATXN2 RNA levels relative to untreated control cells.

The modified oligonucleotides marked with an asterisk (*) target the amplicon region of the primer probe set. Additional assays may be used to measure the potency and efficacy of oligonucleotides targeting the amplicon region.

The modified oligonucleotides in the tables below are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. The gapmers are 20 nucleobases in length, wherein the central gap segment comprises ten 2′-deoxynucleosides and is flanked by wing segments on both the 5′ end and on the 3′ end comprising five 2′-MOE nucleosides. The sugar motif for the gapmers is (from 5′ to 3′): eeeeeddddddddddeeeee; wherein ‘d’ represents a 2′-deoxyribose sugar and ‘e’ represents a 2′-MOE modified sugar. The internucleoside linkages are mixed phosphodiester and phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages. The internucleoside linkage motif for the gapmers is (from 5′ to 3′): soooossssssssssooss; wherein ‘o’ represents a phosphodiester internucleoside linkage and ‘s’ represents a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage. Each cytosine residue is a 5-methyl cytosine. “Start Site” indicates the 5′-most nucleoside to which the gapmer is complementary in the human nucleic acid sequence. “Stop Site” indicates the 3′-most nucleoside to which the gapmer is complementary in the human nucleic acid sequence.

Each modified oligonucleotide listed in the Tables below is complementary to human ATXN2 nucleic acid sequences SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2, as indicated. ‘N/A’ indicates that the modified oligonucleotide is not complementary to that particular nucleic acid with 100% complementarity. As shown below, modified oligonucleotides complementary to the nucleobase sequence of human ATXN2 reduced the amount of human ATXN2 RNA.

TABLE 1 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages at 7,000 nM concentration SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 SEQ Compound NO: 1 Stop Start Stop ATXN2 ID Number Start Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) % Control NO 708134 929 948 N/A N/A GATTCCATCAAAAGAAATCG 16 30 708155 1094 1113 49268 49287 CGAACTGGATTCTGTACTTT 14 31 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 10 32 755233 1123 1142 49297 49316 CTCTCCATTATTTCTTCACG 7 33 756933 717 736 2707 2726 CGGGCGGCGGCTGCTGCTGC 20 34 756934 723 742 2713 2732 CAGCCGCGGGCGGCGGCTGC 89 35 756935 729 748 2719 2738 CATTGGCAGCCGCGGGCGGC 33 36 756936 735 754 2725 2744 TGCGGACATTGGCAGCCGCG 51 37 756937 741 760 2731 2750 CGGGCTTGCGGACATTGGCA 15 38 756938 747 766 2737 2756 TGCCGCCGGGCTTGCGGACA 27 39 756939 759 778 2749 2768 CTAGAAGGCCGCTGCCGCCG 50 40 756940 778 797 2768 2787 GGCGCGGCGGCGGGCGACGC 13 41 756941 784 803 2774 2793 GGCGAAGGCGCGGCGGCGGG 49 42 756942 790 809 2780 2799 GAGGACGGCGAAGGCGCGGC 16 43 756943 796 815 2786 2805 GAGGACGAGGACGGCGAAGG 25 44 756944 802 821 2792 2811 GAGACCGAGGACGAGGACGG 34 45 756945 808 827 2798 2817 GACGAGGAGACCGAGGACGA 19 46 756946 814 833 2804 2823 GCCGAGGACGAGGAGACCGA 13 47 756947 820 839 2810 2829 GCCGTGGCCGAGGACGAGGA 23 48 756948 826 845 2816 2835 GAGGGAGCCGTGGCCGAGGA 36 49 756949 832 851 2822 2841 ACCGAGGAGGGAGCCGTGGC 47 50 756950 838 857 2828 2847 GCGACCACCGAGGAGGGAGC 51 51 756951 844 863 2834 2853 GTCGCCGCGACCACCGAGGA 20 52 756952 850 869 2840 2859 CCGGAGGTCGCCGCGACCAC 25 53 756953 856 875 2846 2865 CCGCCGCCGGAGGTCGCCGC 15 54 756954 862 881 2852 2871 GGCCTCCCGCCGCCGGAGGT 61 55 756955 868 887 2858 2877 AGGCCGGGCCTCCCGCCGCC 33 56 756956 874 893 2864 2883 CTGCCCAGGCCGGGCCTCCC 34 57 756957 880 899 N/A N/A CGACCTCTGCCCAGGCCGGG 31 58 756958 886 905 N/A N/A CTGTTTCGACCTCTGCCCAG 28 59 756959 892 911 45746 45765 TTGTTACTGTTTCGACCTCT 6 60 756960 898 917 45752 45771 AGTCCTTTGTTACTGTTTCG 9 61 756961 904 923 45758 45777 TGAGGCAGTCCTTTGTTACT 14 62 756962 910 929 45764 45783 GTAGACTGAGGCAGTCCTTT 17 63 756963 930 949 47449 47468 AGATTCCATCAAAAGAAATC 16 64 756964 932 951 47451 47470 ATAGATTCCATCAAAAGAAA 19 65 756965 934 953 47453 47472 GCATAGATTCCATCAAAAGA 22 66 756966 935 954 47454 47473 TGCATAGATTCCATCAAAAG 18 67 756967 936 955 47455 47474 TTGCATAGATTCCATCAAAA 21 68 756968 938 957 47457 47476 ATTTGCATAGATTCCATCAA 23 69 756969 940 959 47459 47478 ATATTTGCATAGATTCCATC 13 70 756970 941 960 47460 47479 CATATTTGCATAGATTCCAT 13 71 756971 947 966 47466 47485 CATCCTCATATTTGCATAGA 31 72 756972 953 972 47472 47491 ATGAACCATCCTCATATTTG 15 73 756973 959 978 47478 47497 AAGTATATGAACCATCCTCA 17 74 756974 965 984 47484 47503 TGATGTAAGTATATGAACCA 33 75 756975 971 990 47490 47509 AACAACTGATGTAAGTATAT 16 76 756976 979 998 N/A N/A TTGGAGCCAACAACTGATGT 28 77 756977 986 1005 N/A N/A TTCACATTTGGAGCCAACAA 17 78 756978 992 1011 48691 48710 TTGTACTTCACATTTGGAGC 8 79 756979 998 1017 48697 48716 TTTCACTTGTACTTCACATT 20 80 756980 1004 1023 48703 48722 TCCATTTTTCACTTGTACTT 9 81 756981 1010 1029 48709 48728 TATACCTCCATTTTTCACTT 11 82 756982 1016 1035 48715 48734 TTCATATATACCTCCATTTT 33 83 756983 1022 1041 48721 48740 AACTCCTTCATATATACCTC 11 84 756984 1028 1047 48727 48746 TTTAAAAACTCCTTCATATA 39 85 756985 1034 1053 48733 48752 GTAAGTTTTAAAAACTCCTT 8 86 756986 1040 1059 48739 48758 CGGACTGTAAGTTTTAAAAA 12 87 756987 1046 1065 N/A N/A ACACTTCGGACTGTAAGTTT 14 88 756988 1052 1071 N/A N/A CAAATCACACTTCGGACTGT 18 89 756989 1058 1077 N/A N/A AAGTACCAAATCACACTTCG 9 90 756990 1064 1083 49238 49257 GGCATCAAGTACCAAATCAC 20 91 756991 1070 1089 49244 49263 ATGTGCGGCATCAAGTACCA 9 92 756992 1076 1095 49250 49269 TTTCTCATGTGCGGCATCAA 19 93 756993 1082 1101 49256 49275 TGTACTTTTCTCATGTGCGG 5 94 756994 1088 1107 49262 49281 GGATTCTGTACTTTTCTCAT 37 95 756995 1100 1119 49274 49293 CGGCCCCGAACTGGATTCTG 17 96 756996 1124 1143 49298 49317 ACTCTCCATTATTTCTTCAC 7 97 756997 1126 1145 49300 49319 ATACTCTCCATTATTTCTTC 4 98 756998 1128 1147 49302 49321 AAATACTCTCCATTATTTCT 13 99 756999 1129 1148 49303 49322 AAAATACTCTCCATTATTTC 34 100 757000 1135 1154 49309 49328 TTGAACAAAATACTCTCCAT 9 101 757001 1141 1160 49315 49334 GAACATTTGAACAAAATACT 38 102 757002 1147 1166 49321 49340 AAGTCTGAACATTTGAACAA 12 103 757003 1153 1172 49327 49346 ACAACAAAGTCTGAACATTT 24 104 757004 1159 1178 49333 49352 TGTACCACAACAAAGTCTGA 30 105 757005* 1171 1190 49345 49364 ATATCTTTAAACTGTACCAC 7 106 757006* 1177 1196 49351 49370 GAGTCCATATCTTTAAACTG 17 107

TABLE 2 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages at 2,000 nM concentration SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 SEQ Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % ID Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 1 32 708200 1478 1497 81638 81657 TGCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTG 14 108 708201 1480 1499 81640 81659 TCTGCTAACTGGTTTGCCCT 7 109 708203 1482 1501 81642 81661 CTTCTGCTAACTGGTTTGCC 6 110 755237 1562 1581 81722 81741 TGCTGTGTATTTTTCTTCCT 4 111 755240 1693 1712 83304 83323 CCCATACGCGGTGAATTCTG 24 112 757007* 1183 1202 49357 49376 TAACTGGAGTCCATATCTTT 11 113 757008* 1189 1208 49363 49382 TTTGCATAACTGGAGTCCAT 1 114 757009* 1195 1214 N/A N/A TCTCTTTTTGCATAACTGGA 0 115 757010* 1201 1220 N/A N/A AAAGCATCTCTTTTTGCATA 10 116 757011* 1207 1226 N/A N/A TCAGTAAAAGCATCTCTTTT 16 117 757012* 1213 1232 76350 76369 GCAGAGTCAGTAAAAGCATC 3 118 757013* 1219 1238 76356 76375 CTGATAGCAGAGTCAGTAAA 10 119 757014* 1225 1244 76362 76381 TTAGCACTGATAGCAGAGTC 0 120 757015* 1231 1250 76368 76387 TTCACTTTAGCACTGATAGC 3 121 757016* 1237 1256 76374 76393 TCGCCATTCACTTTAGCACT 0 122 757017 1258 1277 76395 76414 TCCAGGTCCTTCTCTTTGTG 45 123 757018 1264 1283 76401 76420 CAGGGCTCCAGGTCCTTCTC 17 124 757019 1270 1289 76407 76426 GCATCCCAGGGCTCCAGGTC 24 125 757020 1276 1295 76413 76432 TCACCTGCATCCCAGGGCTC 9 126 757021 1282 1301 76419 76438 GTGAGTTCACCTGCATCCCA 6 127 757022 1288 1307 76425 76444 TTGGCTGTGAGTTCACCTGC 9 128 757023 1294 1313 76431 76450 TCCTCATTGGCTGTGAGTTC 14 129 757024 1300 1319 76437 76456 TCAAGTTCCTCATTGGCTGT 17 130 757025 1312 1331 76449 76468 TTTTCCAAAGCCTCAAGTTC 65 131 757026 1335 1354 N/A N/A GATCCCATCCATTAGATACG 8 132 757027 1350 1369 80705 80724 GAAACATATCATTGGGATCC 13 133 757028 1356 1375 80711 80730 TATATCGAAACATATCATTG 6 134 757029 1362 1381 80717 80736 CTTCATTATATCGAAACATA 22 135 757030 1368 1387 80723 80742 AATTTTCTTCATTATATCGA 56 136 757031 1374 1393 80729 80748 CACCATAATTTTCTTCATTA 14 137 757032 1380 1399 80735 80754 ACACTACACCATAATTTTCT 20 138 757033 1412 1431 N/A N/A TGTATACGAAGATAAACTGC 21 139 757034 1430 1449 N/A N/A ATCTCTTTCTAAGGGCACTG 5 140 757035 1442 1461 81602 81621 TTCTTCTGAGTTATCTCTTT 18 141 757036 1448 1467 81608 81627 TAAAAATTCTTCTGAGTTAT 80 142 757037 1454 1473 81614 81633 CCGTTTTAAAAATTCTTCTG 5 143 757038 1460 1479 81620 81639 TGCTTCCCGTTTTAAAAATT 23 144 757039 1466 1485 81626 81645 TGCCCTTGCTTCCCGTTTTA 25 145 757040 1472 1491 81632 81651 CTGGTTTGCCCTTGCTTCCC 6 146 757041 1474 1493 81634 81653 AACTGGTTTGCCCTTGCTTC 16 147 757042 1476 1495 81636 81655 CTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGCT 16 148 757043 1484 1503 81644 81663 TTCTTCTGCTAACTGGTTTG 21 149 757044 1490 1509 81650 81669 CTCAATTTCTTCTGCTAACT 35 150 757045 1496 1515 81656 81675 ACTTGACTCAATTTCTTCTG 4 151 757046 1502 1521 81662 81681 CTGGGCACTTGACTCAATTT 14 152 757047 1508 1527 81668 81687 TTTGTACTGGGCACTTGACT 21 153 757048 1514 1533 81674 81693 TCGAGCTTTGTACTGGGCAC 10 154 757049 1520 1539 81680 81699 GGCCACTCGAGCTTTGTACT 13 155 757050 1526 1545 81686 81705 TTCCAGGGCCACTCGAGCTT 8 156 757051 1532 1551 81692 81711 ATCATTTTCCAGGGCCACTC 14 157 757052 1538 1557 81698 81717 CCTATCATCATTTTCCAGGG 2 158 757053 1544 1563 81704 81723 CTCACTCCTATCATCATTTT 13 159 757054 1550 1569 81710 81729 TTCTTCCTCACTCCTATCAT 61 160 757055 1556 1575 81716 81735 GTATTTTTCTTCCTCACTCC 2 161 757056 1568 1587 81728 81747 CTGAACTGCTGTGTATTTTT 13 162 757057 1574 1593 81734 81753 ATTTCTCTGAACTGCTGTGT 2 163 757058 1580 1599 81740 81759 ACTGGAATTTCTCTGAACTG 10 164 757059 1603 1622 81763 81782 TTTATGCTGTGCCCCTCACG 42 165 757060 1609 1628 81769 81788 CTAGTGTTTATGCTGTGCCC 10 166 757061 1615 1634 N/A N/A TTTTCCCTAGTGTTTATGCT 39 167 757062 1621 1640 N/A N/A TATTTATTTTCCCTAGTGTT 33 168 757063 1633 1652 83244 83263 CCAGGAGGAATATATTTATT 16 169 757064 1639 1658 83250 83269 CTTTGTCCAGGAGGAATATA 19 170 757065 1645 1664 83256 83275 CTATTTCTTTGTCCAGGAGG 7 171 757066 1651 1670 83262 83281 ACTTCTCTATTTCTTTGTCC 0 172 757067 1657 1676 83268 83287 GATATGACTTCTCTATTTCT 13 173 757068 1663 1682 83274 83293 CCCCAGGATATGACTTCTCT 16 174 757069 1669 1688 83280 83299 CCACTTCCCCAGGATATGAC 31 175 757070 1675 1694 83286 83305 TGTCTCCCACTTCCCCAGGA 10 176 757071 1681 1700 83292 83311 GAATTCTGTCTCCCACTTCC 24 177 757072 1687 1706 83298 83317 CGCGGTGAATTCTGTCTCCC 3 178 757073 1688 1707 83299 83318 ACGCGGTGAATTCTGTCTCC 5 179 757074 1690 1709 83301 83320 ATACGCGGTGAATTCTGTCT 7 180 757075 1692 1711 83303 83322 CCATACGCGGTGAATTCTGT 6 181 757076 1694 1713 83305 83324 GCCCATACGCGGTGAATTCT 11 182 757077 1696 1715 83307 83326 TGGCCCATACGCGGTGAATT 15 183 757078 1698 1717 83309 83328 GCTGGCCCATACGCGGTGAA 21 184

TABLE 3 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages at 2,000 nM concentration SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 SEQ Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % ID Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 8 32 708237 1783 1802 83394 83413 TTAACTACTCTTTGGTCTGA 36 185 708247 1903 1922 85399 85418 CTGGAGGGCGGCCGTGTAGG 26 186 708248 1957 1976 85453 85472 GGAGAACCATGAGCAGAGGG 41 187 755234 1963 1982 85459 85478 GGAGCTGGAGAACCATGAGC 17 188 755236 1969 1988 85465 85484 GAGACAGGAGCTGGAGAACC 40 189 755239 2099 2118 88209 88228 GTGGGATACAAATTCTAGGC 4 190 757079 1699 1718 83310 83329 GGCTGGCCCATACGCGGTGA 11 191 757080 1705 1724 83316 83335 GATCCAGGCTGGCCCATACG 42 192 757081 1711 1730 83322 83341 GAGCCCGATCCAGGCTGGCC 53 193 757082 1717 1736 83328 83347 GGCATGGAGCCCGATCCAGG 31 194 757083 1723 1742 83334 83353 CTTGATGGCATGGAGCCCGA 64 195 757084 1729 1748 83340 83359 GTGGATCTTGATGGCATGGA 23 196 757085 1735 1754 83346 83365 TGAGAAGTGGATCTTGATGG 58 197 757086 1741 1760 83352 83371 GAAGTGTGAGAAGTGGATCT 49 198 757087 1747 1766 83358 83377 AAATCTGAAGTGTGAGAAGT 71 199 757088 1753 1772 83364 83383 GGGTTGAAATCTGAAGTGTG 24 200 757089 1765 1784 83376 83395 GAACCAGAATTCGGGTTGAA 8 201 757090 1771 1790 83382 83401 TGGTCTGAACCAGAATTCGG 31 202 757091 1777 1796 83388 83407 ACTCTTTGGTCTGAACCAGA 47 203 757092 1789 1808 83400 83419 CCTCCATTAACTACTCTTTG 19 204 757093 1795 1814 N/A N/A GGAACACCTCCATTAACTAC 34 205 757094 1807 1826 85303 85322 GGCGATGGCCAGGGAACACC 3 206 757095 1814 1833 85310 85329 TGGGCAAGGCGATGGCCAGG 58 207 757096 1820 1839 85316 85335 AGGAGATGGGCAAGGCGATG 60 208 757097 1826 1845 85322 85341 AGAGGAAGGAGATGGGCAAG 51 209 757098 1832 1851 85328 85347 TGGGCGAGAGGAAGGAGATG 37 210 757099 1838 1857 85334 85353 AGAAGGTGGGCGAGAGGAAG 130 211 757100 1844 1863 85340 85359 GTAGCGAGAAGGTGGGCGAG 35 212 757101 1850 1869 85346 85365 TGACTGGTAGCGAGAAGGTG 65 213 757102 1856 1875 85352 85371 GGGACCTGACTGGTAGCGAG 39 214 757103 1862 1881 85358 85377 AGAGTTGGGACCTGACTGGT 28 215 757104 1868 1887 85364 85383 TGGAAGAGAGTTGGGACCTG 10 216 757105 1874 1893 85370 85389 CCGAGGTGGAAGAGAGTTGG 153 217 757106 1880 1899 85376 85395 GGCTGCCCGAGGTGGAAGAG 12 218 757107 1927 1946 85423 85442 GGTCTGGATGGCCGCGAGGG 20 219 757108 1958 1977 85454 85473 TGGAGAACCATGAGCAGAGG 26 220 757109 1960 1979 85456 85475 GCTGGAGAACCATGAGCAGA 24 221 757110 1962 1981 85458 85477 GAGCTGGAGAACCATGAGCA 34 222 757111 1964 1983 85460 85479 AGGAGCTGGAGAACCATGAG 26 223 757112 1966 1985 85462 85481 ACAGGAGCTGGAGAACCATG 26 224 757113 1968 1987 85464 85483 AGACAGGAGCTGGAGAACCA 12 225 757114 1975 1994 85471 85490 ATAGTAGAGACAGGAGCTGG 42 226 757115 1981 2000 85477 85496 TTAGGCATAGTAGAGACAGG 66 227 757116 2002 2021 N/A N/A GGCCCTTCTGAAGACATGCG 9 228 757117 2008 2027 N/A N/A CTTGGAGGCCCTTCTGAAGA 105 229 757118 2014 2033 N/A N/A GACATCCTTGGAGGCCCTTC 29 230 757119 2035 2054 88145 88164 GGATGTCGCTGGGCCTTTGG 48 231 757120 2041 2060 88151 88170 TTTCGAGGATGTCGCTGGGC 28 232 757121 2047 2066 88157 88176 CTGTGATTTCGAGGATGTCG 40 233 757122 2053 2072 88163 88182 GAAACTCTGTGATTTCGAGG 28 234 757123 2059 2078 88169 88188 CCAGCAGAAACTCTGTGATT 49 235 757124 2065 2084 88175 88194 CCCCTCCCAGCAGAAACTCT 20 236 757125 2071 2090 88181 88200 ATGGAACCCCTCCCAGCAGA 31 237 757126 2077 2096 88187 88206 CTGGATATGGAACCCCTCCC 26 238 757127 2083 2102 88193 88212 AGGCCACTGGATATGGAACC 5 239 757128 2089 2108 88199 88218 AATTCTAGGCCACTGGATAT 38 240 757129 2094 2113 88204 88223 ATACAAATTCTAGGCCACTG 9 241 757130 2096 2115 88206 88225 GGATACAAATTCTAGGCCAC 5 242 757131 2098 2117 88208 88227 TGGGATACAAATTCTAGGCC 4 243 757132 2100 2119 88210 88229 TGTGGGATACAAATTCTAGG 31 244 757133 2102 2121 88212 88231 GTTGTGGGATACAAATTCTA 39 245 757134 2122 2141 88232 88251 GTAGCTGCTTCACTGGGTGG 53 246 757135 2128 2147 88238 88257 GGAGGAGTAGCTGCTTCACT 15 247 757136 2134 2153 88244 88263 GCTACTGGAGGAGTAGCTGC 50 248 757137 2140 2159 88250 88269 GTCCTTGCTACTGGAGGAGT 35 249 757138 2146 2165 88256 88275 GGACTGGTCCTTGCTACTGG 18 250 757139 2152 2171 88262 88281 CCCGAGGGACTGGTCCTTGC 18 251 757140 2158 2177 88268 88287 GTTCCCCCCGAGGGACTGGT 33 252 757141 2177 2196 88287 88306 ACTGACCACTGATGACCACG 34 253 757142 2183 2202 N/A N/A AACCCCACTGACCACTGATG 85 254 757143 2189 2208 N/A N/A TCTTGGAACCCCACTGACCA 62 255 757144 2195 2214 N/A N/A GGATAATCTTGGAACCCCAC 51 256 757145 2215 2234 91099 91118 CTGGGTCTATGAGTTTTAGG 28 257 757146 2221 2240 91105 91124 GGAGACCTGGGTCTATGAGT 17 258 757147 2231 2250 91115 91134 GTTCTGTCTGGGAGACCTGG 13 259 757148 2237 2256 91121 91140 AATACTGTTCTGTCTGGGAG 25 260 757149 2243 2262 91127 91146 ATTTCCAATACTGTTCTGTC 18 261

TABLE 4 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages at 2,000 nM concentration SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 SEQ Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % ID Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 26 32 757150 2266 2285 91150 91169 GCAAGAACTGGCCCACTGGG 90 262 757151 2272 2291 91156 91175 GGAGAAGCAAGAACTGGCCC 73 263 757152 2291 2310 91175 91194 TGGAATAATACCAGCTTGGG 39 264 757153 2297 2316 91181 91200 TTCAGTTGGAATAATACCAG 105 265 757154 2303 2322 91187 91206 AACAGCTTCAGTTGGAATAA 59 266 757155 2309 2328 91193 91212 CATGGCAACAGCTTCAGTTG 66 267 757156 2315 2334 91199 91218 AATAGGCATGGCAACAGCTT 44 268 757157 2321 2340 91205 91224 AGCTGGAATAGGCATGGCAA 32 269 757158 2327 2346 91211 91230 AGATGCAGCTGGAATAGGCA 129 270 757159 2333 2352 91217 91236 CGTAGGAGATGCAGCTGGAA 32 271 757160 2351 2370 91235 91254 CGATGCAGGACTAGCAGGCG 26 272 757161 2357 2376 91241 91260 TCTGTTCGATGCAGGACTAG 23 273 757162 2363 2382 91247 91266 AACAGCTCTGTTCGATGCAG 23 274 757163 2391 2410 N/A N/A TGGAATCTTTAGCCTCACTA 67 275 757164 2397 2416 N/A N/A GAAGCCTGGAATCTTTAGCC 59 276 757165 2403 2422 91673 91692 GATCTTGAAGCCTGGAATCT 67 277 757166 2409 2428 91679 91698 GCCTCTGATCTTGAAGCCTG 56 278 757167 2415 2434 91685 91704 AGTTCTGCCTCTGATCTTGA 80 279 757168 2421 2440 91691 91710 CAGGAGAGTTCTGCCTCTGA 131 280 757169 2427 2446 91697 91716 TCCCTGCAGGAGAGTTCTGC 59 281 757170 2433 2452 91703 91722 CTTTATTCCCTGCAGGAGAG 79 282 757171 2439 2458 91709 91728 TATTTTCTTTATTCCCTGCA 56 283 757172 2445 2464 91715 91734 GTTTAATATTTTCTTTATTC 89 284 757173 2451 2470 91721 91740 CATTGGGTTTAATATTTTCT 54 285 757174 2457 2476 91727 91746 ATGTTTCATTGGGTTTAATA 39 286 757175 2463 2482 91733 91752 TAGGTGATGTTTCATTGGGT 23 287 757176 2469 2488 91739 91758 AGAAGCTAGGTGATGTTTCA 81 288 757177 2475 2494 91745 91764 CTTTTGAGAAGCTAGGTGAT 90 289 757178 2481 2500 91751 91770 TTTCAGCTTTTGAGAAGCTA 61 290 757179 2487 2506 91757 91776 CTTTGTTTTCAGCTTTTGAG 35 291 757180 2493 2512 N/A N/A ATATACCTTTGTTTTCAGCT 31 292 757181 2499 2518 N/A N/A CTGGTGATATACCTTTGTTT 42 293 757182 2505 2524 92046 92065 AAACAACTGGTGATATACCT 132 294 757183 2511 2530 92052 92071 GTTCAGAAACAACTGGTGAT 39 295 757184 2517 2536 92058 92077 TTCTATGTTCAGAAACAACT 37 296 757185 2523 2542 92064 92083 TCTGTTTTCTATGTTCAGAA 58 297 757186 2529 2548 92070 92089 CATCAATCTGTTTTCTATGT 38 298 757187 2535 2554 92076 92095 TTAAATCATCAATCTGTTTT 122 299 757188 2541 2560 92082 92101 ATTTCTTTAAATCATCAATC 86 300 757189 2547 2566 92088 92107 TCTTAAATTTCTTTAAATCA 128 301 757190 2553 2572 92094 92113 AATCATTCTTAAATTTCTTT 55 302 757191 2559 2578 N/A N/A ACCTAAAATCATTCTTAAAT 141 303 757192 2565 2584 N/A N/A GCTGTAACCTAAAATCATTC 64 304 757193 2571 2590 N/A N/A AACTTGGCTGTAACCTAAAA 84 305 757194 2577 2596 112886 112905 AAGTAGAACTTGGCTGTAAC 59 306 757195 2583 2602 112892 112911 ATTCAGAAGTAGAACTTGGC 82 307 757196 2589 2608 112898 112917 CCATAGATTCAGAAGTAGAA 63 308 757197 2595 2614 112904 112923 GTTGATCCATAGATTCAGAA 61 309 757198 2601 2620 112910 112929 TTAGTAGTTGATCCATAGAT 50 310 757199 2607 2626 112916 112935 TTTTGTTTAGTAGTTGATCC 104 311 757200 2613 2632 112922 112941 CTCTATTTTTGTTTAGTAGT 26 312 757201 2619 2638 112928 112947 CTCCCTCTCTATTTTTGTTT 57 313 757202 2625 2644 112934 112953 ATTTTTCTCCCTCTCTATTT 115 314 757203 2631 2650 112940 112959 CTCTTGATTTTTCTCCCTCT 39 315 757204 2637 2656 112946 112965 TCAAATCTCTTGATTTTTCT 49 316 757205 2643 2662 112952 112971 CTTTGATCAAATCTCTTGAT 59 317 757206 2649 2668 112958 112977 TTTTGTCTTTGATCAAATCT 60 318 757207 2655 2674 112964 112983 GTTCAATTTTGTCTTTGATC 33 319 757208 2661 2680 112970 112989 CACTTGGTTCAATTTTGTCT 31 320 757209 2667 2686 112976 112995 CCTTAGCACTTGGTTCAATT 20 321 757210 2673 2692 112982 113001 AAGAATCCTTAGCACTTGGT 20 322 757211 2679 2698 112988 113007 CAATGAAAGAATCCTTAGCA 28 323 757212 2685 2704 112994 113013 TATTTTCAATGAAAGAATCC 83 324 757213 2691 2710 113000 113019 TGCTGCTATTTTCAATGAAA 20 325 757214 2697 2716 113006 113025 AGTTGCTGCTGCTATTTTCA 37 326 757215 2699 2718 113008 113027 ACAGTTGCTGCTGCTATTTT 50 327 757216 2701 2720 113010 113029 GTACAGTTGCTGCTGCTATT 36 328 757217 2703 2722 113012 113031 TGGTACAGTTGCTGCTGCTA 50 329 757218 2704 2723 113013 113032 CTGGTACAGTTGCTGCTGCT 17 330 757219 2705 2724 113014 113033 ACTGGTACAGTTGCTGCTGC 21 331 757220 2707 2726 113016 113035 CCACTGGTACAGTTGCTGCT 43 332 757221 2709 2728 113018 113037 TGCCACTGGTACAGTTGCTG 54 333 757222 2715 2734 113024 113043 TGCTGCTGCCACTGGTACAG 55 334 757223 2721 2740 113030 113049 TCGGCTTGCTGCTGCCACTG 37 335 757224 2727 2746 113036 113055 GGCTATTCGGCTTGCTGCTG 29 336 757225 2757 2776 113066 113085 TGTTACTAAGTATTGAAGGG 54 337 757226 2763 2782 113072 113091 GCTCCGTGTTACTAAGTATT 22 338

TABLE 5 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages at 2,000 nM concentration SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 SEQ Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % ID Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 29 32 757227 2769 2788 113078 113097 TCTTGTGCTCCGTGTTACTA 48 339 757228 2775 2794 113084 113103 GTCCCCTCTTGTGCTCCGTG 28 340 757229 2781 2800 113090 113109 CCTCAGGTCCCCTCTTGTGC 66 341 757230 2787 2806 113096 113115 AAGTGACCTCAGGTCCCCTC 116 342 757231 2793 2812 113102 113121 CTTGGGAAGTGACCTCAGGT 37 343 757232 2799 2818 113108 113127 GAACCCCTTGGGAAGTGACC 39 344 757233 2805 2824 113114 113133 AAGTCTGAACCCCTTGGGAA 47 345 757234 2811 2830 113120 113139 GGCTGGAAGTCTGAACCCCT 28 346 757235 2817 2836 113126 113145 ATGCTGGGCTGGAAGTCTGA 63 347 757236 2823 2842 113132 113151 GTTTACATGCTGGGCTGGAA 31 348 757237 2829 2848 113138 113157 TCTCTTGTTTACATGCTGGG 47 349 757238 2835 2854 113144 113163 CGTCTTTCTCTTGTTTACAT 33 350 757239 2853 2872 113162 113181 CTTTCTTCTCTTCCTTATCG 74 351 757240 2874 2893 N/A N/A TCCTAACTTGCTCAGCTGCG 36 352 757241 2882 2901 N/A N/A TGTTGATTTCCTAACTTGCT 64 353 757242 2888 2907 114848 114867 ATTCAATGTTGATTTCCTAA 52 354 757243 2897 2916 114857 114876 TGCATTGGGATTCAATGTTG 41 355 757244 2913 2932 114873 114892 GTGGGTTGAACTCCTTTGCA 89 356 757245 2932 2951 N/A N/A TTTGGCTGAGAGAAGGAACG 79 357 757246 2938 2957 N/A N/A GAAGGCTTTGGCTGAGAGAA 88 358 757247 2944 2963 N/A N/A GTAGTAGAAGGCTTTGGCTG 58 359 757248 2964 2983 115819 115838 GAGGCCGAGGTGAAGTTGGG 50 360 757249 2970 2989 115825 115844 GTGCTTGAGGCCGAGGTGAA 49 361 757250 2976 2995 115831 115850 TAGGTTGTGCTTGAGGCCGA 29 362 757251 2982 3001 115837 115856 ATGGGCTAGGTTGTGCTTGA 48 363 757252 2988 3007 115843 115862 CCATAGATGGGCTAGGTTGT 84 364 757253 2994 3013 115849 115868 GACCCACCATAGATGGGCTA 87 365 757254 3000 3019 115855 115874 GTTGATGACCCACCATAGAT 88 366 757255 3006 3025 115861 115880 TTGGCTGTTGATGACCCACC 91 367 757256 3012 3031 115867 115886 CTGGAGTTGGCTGTTGATGA 101 368 757257 3018 3037 115873 115892 TATAAACTGGAGTTGGCTGT 84 369 757258 3024 3043 115879 115898 GCTGAGTATAAACTGGAGTT 52 370 757259 3030 3049 115885 115904 AAACAGGCTGAGTATAAACT 114 371 757260 3036 3055 115891 115910 CAAAACAAACAGGCTGAGTA 53 372 757261 3042 3061 115897 115916 TTGGTGCAAAACAAACAGGC 75 373 757262 3048 3067 115903 115922 TCATATTTGGTGCAAAACAA 74 374 757263 3054 3073 115909 115928 GATACATCATATTTGGTGCA 32 375 757264 3060 3079 115915 115934 GGACTGGATACATCATATTT 94 376 757265 3066 3085 115921 115940 TCACTGGGACTGGATACATC 83 377 757266 3079 3098 115934 115953 TGCACGCCTGGGCTCACTGG 70 378 757267 3085 3104 N/A N/A AAAGGTTGCACGCCTGGGCT 27 379 757268 3091 3110 N/A N/A GGGTATAAAGGTTGCACGCC 97 380 757269 3097 3116 N/A N/A GGTATTGGGTATAAAGGTTG 32 381 757270 3103 3122 116339 116358 GTCATAGGTATTGGGTATAA 60 382 757271 3122 3141 116358 116377 TTGATTCACTGGCATGGGCG 78 383 757272 3128 3147 116364 116383 CTTGGCTTGATTCACTGGCA 30 384 757273 3134 3153 116370 116389 ATATGTCTTGGCTTGATTCA 68 385 757274 3140 3159 116376 116395 TGCTCTATATGTCTTGGCTT 51 386 757275 3146 3165 N/A N/A TGGTACTGCTCTATATGTCT 42 387 757276 3152 3171 N/A N/A CATATTTGGTACTGCTCTAT 105 388 757277 3173 3192 130937 130956 CTGGTCTTGCCGCTGTTGGG 48 389 757278 3179 3198 130943 130962 ATGATGCTGGTCTTGCCGCT 49 390 757279 3185 3204 130949 130968 ACTCTGATGATGCTGGTCTT 98 391 757280 3191 3210 130955 130974 CATGGCACTCTGATGATGCT 120 392 757281 3197 3216 130961 130980 GTGCATCATGGCACTCTGAT 42 393 757282 3203 3222 130967 130986 CGCTGGGTGCATCATGGCAC 37 394 757283 3220 3239 130984 131003 GGTGGGCCCGCTGCTGACGC 60 395 757284 3226 3245 130990 131009 GCAATCGGTGGGCCCGCTGC 62 396 757285 3232 3251 130996 131015 GTGGCTGCAATCGGTGGGCC 57 397 757286 3269 3288 131033 131052 ACTGTAGGCAACATATTGCG 108 398 757287 3275 3294 131039 131058 CTGAGGACTGTAGGCAACAT 48 399 757288 3311 3330 131075 131094 TGGCACATGCTGAACAAGGG 32 400 757289 3317 3336 131081 131100 ATAATGTGGCACATGCTGAA 138 401 757290 3323 3342 131087 131106 AGACTGATAATGTGGCACAT 64 402 757291 3329 3348 N/A N/A ATGCTGAGACTGATAATGTG 77 403 757292 3335 3354 N/A N/A ATGAGGATGCTGAGACTGAT 81 404 757293 3341 3360 N/A N/A ATAGACATGAGGATGCTGAG 85 405 757294 3347 3366 131428 131447 AGGACTATAGACATGAGGAT 25 406 757295 3353 3372 131434 131453 TATTACAGGACTATAGACAT 58 407 757296 3359 3378 131440 131459 ACCCTGTATTACAGGACTAT 81 408 757297 3365 3384 131446 131465 AGCATTACCCTGTATTACAG 45 409 757298 3371 3390 131452 131471 CATTCTAGCATTACCCTGTA 90 410 757299 3377 3396 131458 131477 TGCCATCATTCTAGCATTAC 73 411 757300 3383 3402 131464 131483 TGGTGGTGCCATCATTCTAG 51 412 757301 3408 3427 131489 131508 ATACTAAACCAGGCTGGGCG 85 413 757302 3414 3433 131495 131514 AAGAAGATACTAAACCAGGC 41 414 757303 3420 3439 131501 131520 TTGCTGAAGAAGATACTAAA 81 415

TABLE 6 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages at 2,000 nM concentration SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 SEQ Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % ID Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 19 32 708398 3476 3495 N/A N/A TGGTAATTTGGGACATGCAT 45 416 708400 3494 3513 136967 136986 GCTTGTCTCCTTGTTGTATG 49 417 147866 147885 708435 3897 3916 N/A N/A GTACATGAGCCTGAGGTACG 112 418 708440 3951 3970 N/A N/A TCATTAGCATCATTGGCGCA 49 419 757304 3426 3445 131507 131526 ACTGAGTTGCTGAAGAAGAT 85 420 757305 3432 3451 131513 131532 CCCCGTACTGAGTTGCTGAA 63 421 757306 3438 3457 131519 131538 CATGAGCCCCGTACTGAGTT 79 422 757307 3444 3463 131525 131544 TCTGCTCATGAGCCCCGTAC 70 423 757308 3464 3483 N/A N/A ACATGCATACATCGCATGCG 98 424 757309 3470 3489 N/A N/A TTTGGGACATGCATACATCG 111 425 757310 3482 3501 136955 136974 GTTGTATGGTAATTTGGGAC 56 426 757311 3488 3507 136961 136980 CTCCTTGTTGTATGGTAATT 32 427 757312 3500 3519 136973 136992 AGAAGGGCTTGTCTCCTTGT 63 428 757313 3506 3525 136979 136998 GTAGAAAGAAGGGCTTGTCT 70 429 757314 3512 3531 136985 137004 GGCAAAGTAGAAAGAAGGGC 54 430 757315 3518 3537 N/A N/A GGAAATGGCAAAGTAGAAAG 97 431 757316 3524 3543 N/A N/A GCCCGTGGAAATGGCAAAGT 97 432 757317 3530 3549 N/A N/A AAGGGAGCCCGTGGAAATGG 74 433 757318 3536 3555 144311 144330 CTGAGCAAGGGAGCCCGTGG 82 434 757319 3542 3561 144317 144336 ATACTGCTGAGCAAGGGAGC 54 435 757320 3548 3567 144323 144342 GTGCGCATACTGCTGAGCAA 61 436 757321 3554 3573 144329 144348 GTTAGGGTGCGCATACTGCT 52 437 757322 3579 3598 144354 144373 GTGGAGTATGTGGGTGCAGG 89 438 757323 3586 3605 144361 144380 TGAGGGTGTGGAGTATGTGG 94 439 757324 3592 3611 144367 144386 GAAGGCTGAGGGTGTGGAGT 85 440 757325 3598 3617 144373 144392 GTAGCTGAAGGCTGAGGGTG 70 441 757326 3619 3638 144394 144413 CTTTGCTGCTGTCCAGTGGG 43 442 757327 3625 3644 144400 144419 TGTTGGCTTTGCTGCTGTCC 55 443 757328 3631 3650 144406 144425 CCACCATGTTGGCTTTGCTG 60 444 757329 3637 3656 144412 144431 TGACTTCCACCATGTTGGCT 64 445 757330 3643 3662 144418 144437 GCAGGATGACTTCCACCATG 62 446 757331 3649 3668 144424 144443 CTGGGTGCAGGATGACTTCC 61 447 757332 3656 3675 144431 144450 AACAGGACTGGGTGCAGGAT 80 448 757333 3666 3685 N/A N/A GATGGTGCTGAACAGGACTG 67 449 757334 3672 3691 N/A N/A GGTGCTGATGGTGCTGAACA 64 450 757335 3678 3697 145410 145429 CGGCCTGGTGCTGATGGTGC 50 451 757336 3684 3703 145416 145435 CCTGGGCGGCCTGGTGCTGA 64 452 757337 3690 3709 145422 145441 GGAGAGCCTGGGCGGCCTGG 74 453 757338 3696 3715 145428 145447 CCAGATGGAGAGCCTGGGCG 81 454 757339 3702 3721 145434 145453 GACTGGCCAGATGGAGAGCC 82 455 757340 3708 3727 145440 145459 GCTGTGGACTGGCCAGATGG 84 456 757341 3714 3733 145446 145465 ACTGCTGCTGTGGACTGGCC 62 457 757342 3720 3739 145452 145471 TGGCTGACTGCTGCTGTGGA 42 458 757343 3726 3745 145458 145477 GGTAAATGGCTGACTGCTGC 54 459 757344 3747 3766 145479 145498 GAGTTGGCGCAAGCCCCGCG 62 460 757345 3753 3772 145485 145504 AGGGTGGAGTTGGCGCAAGC 88 461 757346 3759 3778 145491 145510 TCATGGAGGGTGGAGTTGGC 97 462 757347 3765 3784 145497 145516 CAGGTGTCATGGAGGGTGGA 103 463 757348 3771 3790 145503 145522 TGGAGGCAGGTGTCATGGAG 111 464 757349 3794 3813 145526 145545 ACTATTCTGTGGCGACTGCG 57 465 757350 3800 3819 145532 145551 TGGGAAACTATTCTGTGGCG 61 466 757351 3806 3825 145538 145557 TGCTGCTGGGAAACTATTCT 71 467 757352 3812 3831 145544 145563 CTGTTGTGCTGCTGGGAAAC 57 468 757353 3818 3837 145550 145569 GACAGTCTGTTGTGCTGCTG 67 469 757354 3824 3843 145556 145575 CGTAAAGACAGTCTGTTGTG 61 470 757355 3858 3877 145590 145609 TGGTATACGCCGGCTGAACG 57 471 757356 3864 3883 145596 145615 GTGGGTTGGTATACGCCGGC 75 472 757357 3903 3922 147818 147837 CTGACTGTACATGAGCCTGA 77 473 757358 3909 3928 147824 147843 CCATTCCTGACTGTACATGA 53 474 757359 3915 3934 147830 147849 AAGGAACCATTCCTGACTGT 63 475 757360 3921 3940 147836 147855 GATGAGAAGGAACCATTCCT 64 476 757361 3927 3946 147842 147861 CAGTTGGATGAGAAGGAACC 77 477 757362 3933 3952 147848 147867 CATGGGCAGTTGGATGAGAA 71 478 757363 3939 3958 147854 147873 TTGGCGCATGGGCAGTTGGA 75 479 757364 3945 3964 147860 147879 GCATCATTGGCGCATGGGCA 39 480 757365 3971 3990 147886 147905 ACCGCCGGGTGGCTGTGTCG 79 481 757366 3993 4012 147908 147927 TTTGAGCGAGGGCGGCCTGG 105 482 757367 3999 4018 147914 147933 GTGCACTTTGAGCGAGGGCG 80 483 757368 4011 4030 147926 147945 GAATGGGCTGTAGTGCACTT 44 484 757369 4017 4036 147932 147951 AGACTGGAATGGGCTGTAGT 67 485 757370 4023 4042 147938 147957 TTGTCGAGACTGGAATGGGC 61 486 757371 4029 4048 147944 147963 GCGCTGTTGTCGAGACTGGA 42 487 757372 4035 4054 147950 147969 GGAAATGCGCTGTTGTCGAG 35 488 757373 4064 4083 N/A N/A GGCTTGTACTGAAGGGTGCG 90 489 757374 4070 4089 N/A N/A GTGGTGGGCTTGTACTGAAG 69 490 757375 4076 4095 148827 148846 CTGTTGGTGGTGGGCTTGTA 90 491 757376 4082 4101 148833 148852 CAACTGCTGTTGGTGGTGGG 79 492

Example 2: Effect of 5-10-5 MOE Gapmers with Mixed Internucleoside Linkages on Human ATXN2 RNA Expression In Vitro, Single Dose

Modified oligonucleotides complementary to a human ATXN2 nucleic acid were designed and tested for their effect on ATXN2 RNA in vitro.

Cultured A431 cells at a density of 10,000 cells per well were transfected via free uptake with 5,000 nM concentration of modified oligonucleotide or no modified oligonucleotide for untreated controls. After approximately 24 hours, RNA was isolated from the cells and ATXN2 RNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR Human primer probe set RTS5049 (forward sequence CTACAGTCCTCAGCAGTTCC, designated herein as SEQ ID NO: 13; reverse sequence GCCATCATTCTAGCATTACCCT, designated herein as SEQ ID NO: 14; probe sequence ATCAGCCCCTTGTTCAGCATGTG, designated herein as SEQ ID: 15) was used to measure RNA levels. ATXN2 RNA levels were adjusted according to total RNA content, as measured by RIBOGREEN®. Results are presented in the tables below as percent control ATXN2 RNA levels relative to untreated control cells.

The modified oligonucleotides in the tables below are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. The gapmers are 20 nucleobases in length, wherein the central gap segment comprises ten 2′-deoxynucleosides and is flanked by wing segments on both the 5′ end and on the 3′ end comprising five 2′-MOE nucleosides. The sugar motif for the gapmers is (from 5′ to 3′): eeeeeddddddddddeeeee; wherein ‘d’ represents a 2′-deoxyribose sugar and ‘e’ represents a 2′-MOE modified sugar. The internucleoside linkages are mixed phosphodiester and phosphorothioate linkages. The internucleoside linkage motif for the gapmers is (from 5′ to 3′): soooossssssssssooss; wherein ‘o’ represents a phosphodiester internucleoside linkage and ‘s’ represents a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage. Each cytosine residue is a 5-methyl cytosine. “Start Site” indicates the 5′-most nucleoside to which the gapmer is complementary in the human nucleic acid sequence. “Stop Site” indicates the 3′-most nucleoside to which the gapmer is complementary in the human nucleic acid sequence.

Each modified oligonucleotide listed in the tables below is complementary to human ATXN2 nucleic acid sequences SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2, as indicated. ‘N/A’ indicates that the modified oligonucleotide is not complementary to that particular nucleic acid with 100% complementarity. As shown below, modified oligonucleotides complementary to the nucleobase sequence of human ATXN2 RNA reduced the amount of human ATXN2 RNA.

TABLE 8 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 708199 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 29 32 874154 5 24 1995 874154 GCGCTGGGTTGCTTTCTCGG 104 493 874178 246 265 2236 874178 CCGGCCGCTGGAGCGAGCGC 85 494 874202 469 488 2459 874202 AGAAGGAGGACGACGAAGGG 89 495 874224 1305 1324 76442 874224 AAGCCTCAAGTTCCTCATTG 110 496 874247 1561 1580 81721 874247 GCTGTGTATTTTTCTTCCTC 24 497 874271 2358 2377 91242 874271 CTCTGTTCGATGCAGGACTA 86 498 874295 2672 2691 112981 874295 AGAATCCTTAGCACTTGGTT 45 499 874319 3127 3146 116363 874319 TTGGCTTGATTCACTGGCAT 89 500 874341 4116 4135 148867 874341 AATTTGGCCTTTCGGTTCCT 64 501 874365 4272 4291 149023 874365 TGCCTCTACTCGGTCCAAGT 74 502 874389 4422 4441 149173 874389 TCTTGTTACTTCTTTTGCTA 63 503 874412 4603 4622 149354 874412 CTTAACTTAAAAGTTGAACC 118 504 874436 N/A N/A 146563 874436 TCTAGCCCACACCTTGCCAG 114 505 874484 N/A N/A 3698 874484 CGAACAGCAATGCGGATCGG 97 506 874508 N/A N/A 5223 874508 GAATTTCCAGACTTTCAAGC 48 507 874532 N/A N/A 7785 874532 TAACAAAGGATGATGCCATT 67 508 874556 N/A N/A 9958 874556 TTGGGCAAGTCCCCTAATCT 115 509 874580 N/A N/A 13708 874580 ACCAGCATGTTAGGAGGCCT 95 510 874604 N/A N/A 16563 874604 TACTTCTTTGGGAGATATAA 83 511 874628 N/A N/A 18790 874628 CAGGGTTTCCCCATGTTAGG 98 512 874652 N/A N/A 20571 874652 AAGGAGCCAAGATTGCCCCA 116 513 874676 N/A N/A 25034 874676 ACTGAGACTGTAGATGAGCC 121 514 874700 N/A N/A 28108 874700 AAGCAATGGAACAGTTATTA 46 515 874724 N/A N/A 30929 874724 CAGTCCCCTCCCAGTGCTAC 78 516 874748 N/A N/A 32488 874748 GTTCAAATTCCGGCTCCATC 32 517 874772 N/A N/A 34639 874772 TGTGGTAAAAAAGCAAGAGA 70 518 874796 N/A N/A 37016 874796 AAATCAAGCAGAGCCAGGTG 97 519 874820 N/A N/A 38400 874820 TCTTGGACAGAGGGAGTAAA 93 520 874844 N/A N/A 41510 874844 AAAGCTCCACGGAAAACAAT 108 521 874868 N/A N/A 43617 874868 TACATCTTTGACTAATAAAA 95 522 874892 N/A N/A 44608 874892 ATTATAGAATATAATACAAC 98 523 874916 N/A N/A 46490 874916 AAAAGCACATTAATTCAAAA 89 524 874940 N/A N/A 48167 874940 TGTAAATTGTCATACTGTAT 50 525 874964 N/A N/A 50706 874964 CTACAATTTACAACAGAATT 79 526 874988 N/A N/A 52791 874988 GATTATAGACATGTGCCATC 88 527 875012 N/A N/A 55320 875012 TTCTGTAAAGAGACAGTCAA 100 528 875036 N/A N/A 57881 875036 AAACTGTGAACACCATGAAA 102 529 875060 N/A N/A 60512 875060 GTTTTGTTTAATCACAGTTT 32 530 875084 N/A N/A 62556 875084 CATTTTCTCCATTAGGCTTC 84 531 875108 N/A N/A 64420 875108 AAAGAAAGAAGTACTAATAC 108 532 875132 N/A N/A 67160 875132 ATATACTAGACACCATGGTT 78 533 875156 N/A N/A 69694 875156 CTGTTGGCATAGTAACATAC 74 534 875180 N/A N/A 71679 875180 TAACCATTTCTTCTCAACTA 116 535 875204 N/A N/A 73162 875204 GTTGTGTTAAGAGGGCATTA 86 536 875228 N/A N/A 74868 875228 TTTTGTTTTTAACTTTCCAT 107 537 875252 N/A N/A 77333 875252 GATATGTTACAAATTCTCTT 40 538 875276 N/A N/A 79712 875276 CTAATGTTTCAACTCCTTTT 73 539 875300 N/A N/A 81860 875300 AAAGGAAGAGGAAATATAAT 104 540 875324 N/A N/A 83038 875324 GTCCCTTCCCTTAGATTCTG 49 541 875348 N/A N/A 84816 875348 CTGGTTCCTTACAATTATCT 25 542 875372 N/A N/A 86229 875372 TTTGATATGTGGCAATGATG 54 543 875396 N/A N/A 89279 875396 AACAAAGCACTAAGGACTGA 73 544 875420 N/A N/A 91499 875420 ACCAATAATTTTATTTATGT 107 545 875444 N/A N/A 93243 875444 TTGTATGTGTTAACTATTGT 56 546 875468 N/A N/A 96231 875468 CAGAACAGGAGAAAACATTT 101 547 875492 N/A N/A 98219 875492 GTTAGACAAGATTTAACATA 70 548 875516 N/A N/A 99997 875516 GGTATTTATGTGGGCACACT 65 549 875540 N/A N/A 102876 875540 AAATGAACAAAACGGGAGGA 122 550 875564 N/A N/A 106246 875564 AACAATATTCCATGCAAATG 123 551 875588 N/A N/A 109670 875588 ACTGAAAGTAAAGACCCAGT 111 552 875612 N/A N/A 111907 875612 GTGATACCCTGTCTCATTTA 68 553 875636 N/A N/A 113969 875636 CAACTCCTAACCTCAAGTAA 98 554 875660 N/A N/A 116228 875660 CTAGGCATGAGAAGGTTTCC 114 555 875684 N/A N/A 119113 875684 GTTAGAATGTGACTCTCCCA 50 556 875708 N/A N/A 121999 875708 CTGGGACGGCTTTGAATGTG 76 557 875732 N/A N/A 125533 875732 CAAATTTTTAAATTGTTTTG 111 558 875756 N/A N/A 128616 875756 TGAGGCTGACACAGGCAGAC 103 559 875780 N/A N/A 130619 875780 CTTGATCAAGTCCCTGTAAC 72 560 875804 N/A N/A 132522 875804 ATGTAGTTACATGTAACCAT 37 561 875828 N/A N/A 134584 875828 GCAGATTTAATGAAGAACAT 109 562 875852 N/A N/A 137143 875852 TCCATTTTAAAAACTGAATT 86 563 875876 N/A N/A 139105 875876 AATAAAAGGCAACTTGACCA 75 564 875900 N/A N/A 141644 875900 ACTGCACCCGGCCTAAAAAT 101 565 875924 N/A N/A 143719 875924 ATCTCCCATCTTTGCTTTAT 85 566 875948 N/A N/A 145875 875948 CATTCCAGAGTCAAAGATAT 99 567 875972 N/A N/A 147334 875972 CACAGTCAAGTATGTGAATT 96 568

TABLE 9 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 58 32 874155 10 29 2000 2019 GCGGCGCGCTGGGTTGCTTT 90 569 874179 251 270 2241 2260 CCGCGCCGGCCGCTGGAGCG 134 570 874203 511 530 2501 2520 CGGGTTGGCGCGGCCGGAGG 118 571 874225 1317 1336 76454 76473 CGTCATTTTCCAAAGCCTCA 60 572 874248 1585 1604 81745 81764 CGTTCACTGGAATTTCTCTG 61 573 874272 2360 2379 91244 91263 AGCTCTGTTCGATGCAGGAC 54 574 874296 2674 2693 112983 113002 AAAGAATCCTTAGCACTTGG 75 575 874320 3129 3148 116365 116384 TCTTGGCTTGATTCACTGGC 90 576 874342 4121 4140 148872 148891 GAGGGAATTTGGCCTTTCGG 97 577 874366 4277 4296 149028 149047 CTAAATGCCTCTACTCGGTC 68 578 874390 4440 4459 149191 149210 AATAGCAGCAAGAATCACTC 84 579 874413 4608 4627 149359 149378 TTTCCCTTAACTTAAAAGTT 81 580 874437 N/A N/A 146568 146587 GCATCTCTAGCCCACACCTT 82 581 874461 N/A N/A 3425 3444 GGGAGAGAGCCCCGACAGAC 114 582 874485 N/A N/A 3703 3722 GGCCTCGAACAGCAATGCGG 84 583 874509 N/A N/A 5239 5258 TTCTTAAAGCAGATGTGAAT 103 584 874533 N/A N/A 7805 7824 TCAATGTGCACATAAAAGAA 113 585 874557 N/A N/A 9975 9994 ATCCTACAAATATTGCTTTG 88 586 874581 N/A N/A 13824 13843 TTACAAAGACTTCATTATAG 84 587 874605 N/A N/A 16684 16703 TTTCAATAATGCAATGCATC 96 588 874629 N/A N/A 18946 18965 GTCGCCCAGCAGGCTGGAGT 108 589 874653 N/A N/A 20901 20920 GAAAAAATAAAAAGGAGAGA 92 590 874677 N/A N/A 25039 25058 GAGTCACTGAGACTGTAGAT 98 591 874701 N/A N/A 28112 28131 TTAGAAGCAATGGAACAGTT 95 592 874725 N/A N/A 30931 30950 GGCAGTCCCCTCCCAGTGCT 73 593 874749 N/A N/A 32518 32537 CAAGAACTAATATCAGCATT 71 594 874773 N/A N/A 34663 34682 TTCAGTAGAGCAAGTAACTG 89 595 874797 N/A N/A 37036 37055 AACAGCAATACAACAATTAA 102 596 874821 N/A N/A 38419 38438 GTAACAATCCTGGATTGGTT 87 597 874845 N/A N/A 41559 41578 CAAAGAAGCGCAAATTTGAT 117 598 874869 N/A N/A 43662 43681 TCCCCTTTAAATAAGTCACA 103 599 874893 N/A N/A 44669 44688 AGAAAAGATGCAGTACACAA 91 600 874917 N/A N/A 46497 46516 GCAGAAAAAAAGCACATTAA 89 601 874941 N/A N/A 48294 48313 CGAATTACATAATACTTAAG 87 602 874965 N/A N/A 50719 50738 AAATTGTACTGAACTACAAT 92 603 874989 N/A N/A 52916 52935 GAAAATAAAGCACAAATTCT 108 604 875013 N/A N/A 55467 55486 AATCAAAGCATGCAATTAGT 84 605 875037 N/A N/A 57947 57966 GCTTTGCTATCTCTAACTCT 94 606 875061 N/A N/A 60556 60575 AATTAAACAAATTCACAGAT 127 607 875085 N/A N/A 62584 62603 TACTGTTTATGGGTGAACAT 81 608 875109 N/A N/A 64468 64487 AAATGTAGTGTACCTGTGTA 110 609 875133 N/A N/A 67289 67308 ATCACCACACTCCAACCTCA 122 610 875157 N/A N/A 69719 69738 TGCAGTTATCAAAAACTAAA 116 611 875181 N/A N/A 71692 71711 CAAAATCCTCAGCTAACCAT 128 612 875205 N/A N/A 73171 73190 AGAATTTAGGTTGTGTTAAG 93 613 875229 N/A N/A 75201 75220 CAGACCGGAGTGCAGTGACA 108 614 875253 N/A N/A 77463 77482 GAATTAATGACATGTTGCCT 94 615 875277 N/A N/A 79953 79972 GTAACTCCACAATTCTACGA 110 616 875301 N/A N/A 81905 81924 AGATCTTAAACCAATTCTAC 110 617 875325 N/A N/A 83430 83449 TGATATTGACAAGTCTGGTC 56 618 875349 N/A N/A 84836 84855 ATTATATCCAATTAGAAATG 98 619 875373 N/A N/A 86281 86300 ATATGGGTGGCATTTAAATT 111 620 875397 N/A N/A 89309 89328 TTGTAAGCTCTTGCTTACCA 95 621 875421 N/A N/A 91828 91847 GTATGGGCATGAAATTAGAC 66 622 875445 N/A N/A 93318 93337 TTAACTGTGTTAGAATGCTT 36 623 875469 N/A N/A 96243 96262 AAAGACAACCAACAGAACAG 76 624 875493 N/A N/A 98273 98292 CAAGCTGCCTAATATACACA 100 625 875517 N/A N/A 100105 100124 GCTCTTGGTGTCATGGCAAA 101 626 875541 N/A N/A 102894 102913 CAAAAGCCATACTGAGCAAA 96 627 875565 N/A N/A 106257 106276 AAGAGCTGGAAAACAATATT 97 628 875589 N/A N/A 109713 109732 CAGCATTTCTAGACACACCC 88 629 875613 N/A N/A 112340 112359 CACATAAAACAATAGCACCA 85 630 875637 N/A N/A 114253 114272 AAAGACAGTAGCTACTTATG 73 631 875661 N/A N/A 116230 116249 AGCTAGGCATGAGAAGGTTT 77 632 875685 N/A N/A 119136 119155 TTAAAAAGACAGTACCTCCT 100 633 875709 N/A N/A 122055 122074 TACACTGTTTAGGACACACA 78 634 875733 N/A N/A 125689 125708 CACACACTTTAAATACAGGG 47 635 875757 N/A N/A 128698 128717 TCATTTCTTCTCAAGTTAAT 100 636 875781 N/A N/A 130627 130646 CCCTCAGACTTGATCAAGTC 119 637 875805 N/A N/A 132529 132548 AATGCCCATGTAGTTACATG 54 638 875829 N/A N/A 134590 134609 ATCACTGCAGATTTAATGAA 94 639 875853 N/A N/A 137205 137224 AAAAATTGATTTCTGAAACA 108 640 875877 N/A N/A 139231 139250 GCACAAGTCATAAGAGATCA 45 641 875901 N/A N/A 141780 141799 GGGATTACCTGGCTAATTTT 75 642 875925 N/A N/A 143835 143854 TATGGTATGTGGCAAGGCCA 103 643 875949 N/A N/A 145895 145914 AGGAAAGAAGGACTGGGTTG 112 644 875973 N/A N/A 147394 147413 TTTTGCAGATAACATCCCTT 68 645

Example 3: Effect of 5-10-5 MOE Gapmers with Mixed Internucleoside Linkages on Human ATXN2 RNA Expression In Vitro, Single Dose

Modified oligonucleotides complementary to a human ATXN2 nucleic acid were designed and tested for their effect on ATXN2 RNA in vitro.

Cultured A431 cells at a density of 10,000 cells per well were transfected using electroporation with 6,000 nM concentration of modified oligonucleotide or no modified oligonucleotide for untreated controls. After approximately 24 hours, RNA was isolated from the cells and ATXN2 RNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR as described in Example 2. Results are presented in the tables below as percent ATXN2 RNA levels relative to untreated control cells. The modified oligonucleotides marked with an asterisk (*) target the amplicon region of the primer probe set. Additional assays may be used to measure the potency and efficacy of oligonucleotides targeting the amplicon region.

The modified oligonucleotides in the tables below are 5-10-5 MOE gapmers. The gapmers are 20 nucleobases in length, wherein the central gap segment comprises ten 2′-deoxynucleosides and is flanked by wing segments on both the 5′ end and on the 3′ end comprising five 2′-MOE nucleosides. The sugar motif for the gapmers is (from 5′ to 3′): eeeeeddddddddddeeeee; wherein ‘d’ represents a 2′-deoxyribose sugar and ‘e’ represents a 2′-MOE modified sugar. The internucleoside linkages are mixed phosphodiester and phosphorothioate linkages. The internucleoside linkage motif for the gapmers is (from 5′ to 3′): soooossssssssssooss; wherein ‘o’ represents a phosphodiester internucleoside linkage and ‘s’ represents a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage. Each cytosine residue is a 5-methyl cytosine. “Start Site” indicates the 5′-most nucleoside to which the gapmer is complementary in the human nucleic acid sequence. “Stop Site” indicates the 3′-most nucleoside to which the gapmer is complementary in the human nucleic acid sequence.

Each modified oligonucleotide listed in the tables below is complementary to human ATXN2 nucleic acid sequences SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2, as indicated. ‘N/A’ indicates that the modified oligonucleotide is not complementary to that particular nucleic acid with 100% complementarity. As shown below, modified oligonucleotides complementary to the nucleobase sequence of human ATXN2 reduced the amount of human ATXN2 RNA.

TABLE 10 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 28 32 874156 18 37 2008 2027 AGGAGCGGGCGGCGCGCTGG 94 646 874180 256 275 2246 2265 CTCCGCCGCGCCGGCCGCTG 91 647 874204 516 535 2506 2525 AGGCGCGGGTTGGCGCGGCC 132 648 874226 1385 1404 80740 80759 CGTAGACACTACACCATAAT 52 649 874249 1646 1665 83257 83276 TCTATTTCTTTGTCCAGGAG 20 650 874273 2361 2380 91245 91264 CAGCTCTGTTCGATGCAGGA 36 651 874297 2675 2694 112984 113003 GAAAGAATCCTTAGCACTTG 41 652 874321 3130 3149 116366 116385 GTCTTGGCTTGATTCACTGG 49 653 874343 4137 4156 148888 148907 AAGCAGTAGAAGGGAGGAGG 93 654 874367 4282 4301 149033 149052 AGTTCCTAAATGCCTCTACT 49 655 874391 4445 4464 149196 149215 GCAGTAATAGCAGCAAGAAT 93 656 874414 4613 4632 149364 149383 AAGTTTTTCCCTTAACTTAA 73 657 874438 N/A N/A 146573 146592 GAGTCGCATCTCTAGCCCAC 58 658 874462 N/A N/A 3475 3494 CACTTGTCTCCACCCCGTCC 100 659 874486 N/A N/A 3714 3733 TTCTCCACTGCGGCCTCGAA 45 660 874510 N/A N/A 5251 5270 ATTATGAAATGTTTCTTAAA 73 661 874534 N/A N/A 7835 7854 TTTTTGGTCTAACTTCAGAG 44 662 874558 N/A N/A 9990 10009 GAGAGGTGTAATAAAATCCT 53 663 874582 N/A N/A 13950 13969 TGTTCAATAAAGCCTCTCAA 65 664 874606 N/A N/A 16689 16708 AATTATTTCAATAATGCAAT 88 665 874630 N/A N/A 19022 19041 AACAGAAAATATTAAGACTT 133 666 874654 N/A N/A 21088 21107 CAGCTACTAAGGAGGCAGAA 104 667 874678 N/A N/A 25040 25059 TGAGTCACTGAGACTGTAGA 125 668 874702 N/A N/A 28494 28513 CCGGATTGTTTTCTTCATTA 15 669 874726 N/A N/A 30965 30984 ATTTTGAAGCCCTTTTTCTT 86 670 874750 N/A N/A 32534 32553 ACAATTACCATTCACACAAG 108 671 874774 N/A N/A 34867 34886 CGCCCGCCACCACATCCCCG 81 672 874798 N/A N/A 37079 37098 GTTTGCCCATCCTCACACTG 78 673 874822 N/A N/A 38436 38455 ATACATGATAACCGAAGGTA 44 674 874846 N/A N/A 41631 41650 GGAAAGAGAGCTGGGAGGAC 71 675 874870 N/A N/A 43690 43709 AAGCTATATAAAAGACTTAA 96 676 874894 N/A N/A 44693 44712 CTTTCCTTGCCAACTCTCTC 138 677 874918 N/A N/A 46532 46551 TAAGACCAGAAAGCCAAAGG 71 678 874942 N/A N/A 48314 48333 CCAGGACCTCCTTCAGATAC 59 679 874966 N/A N/A 50832 50851 CTCCTAAGTCTAAGAGAAAG 84 680 874990 N/A N/A 53025 53044 AACACTCTATCTATCCATTC 71 681 875014 N/A N/A 55577 55596 TGATTTTTCACTAAATGTGA 97 682 875038 N/A N/A 58068 58087 CACACCAGCACACCAGGCTA 100 683 875062 N/A N/A 60580 60599 CTTATAAAGTCCTTCTCCAC 127 684 875086 N/A N/A 62923 62942 TTTAGAAATGGTATCAGTTA 69 685 875110 N/A N/A 64474 64493 TAAACAAAATGTAGTGTACC 104 686 875134 N/A N/A 67636 67655 AAAAAACAGTTATTCCCTGG 78 687 875158 N/A N/A 69783 69802 ATTCAGAATGTACTTAAATT 91 688 875182 N/A N/A 71785 71804 TAAAAACTATAAAATGACAT 94 689 875206 N/A N/A 73172 73191 CAGAATTTAGGTTGTGTTAA 46 690 875230 N/A N/A 75224 75243 GAGATGGAGCTTGCTCTTTC 80 691 875254 N/A N/A 77472 77491 AAAGTTTGAGAATTAATGAC 85 692 875278 N/A N/A 80006 80025 CTCAGAAGTGGCAACTCTGG 133 693 875302 N/A N/A 81907 81926 ACAGATCTTAAACCAATTCT 67 694 875326 N/A N/A 83480 83499 TATGTAAACTATTTTAAGTA 162 695 875350 N/A N/A 84936 84955 GATAATTTCACATAATAAAT 98 696 875374 N/A N/A 86298 86317 GAAAACAGGTTTTTAATATA 85 697 875398 N/A N/A 89332 89351 TGTTTGTTTGTTTTAAGTAT 14 698 875422 N/A N/A 92190 92209 ACTGTATACATAACGCATTT 80 699 875446 N/A N/A 93885 93904 CGTCTGTGGAGAAAGAAGTA 102 700 875470 N/A N/A 96308 96327 AAAATCAGATAAATTGGACT 67 701 875494 N/A N/A 98278 98297 TTGCCCAAGCTGCCTAATAT 90 702 875518 N/A N/A 100258 100277 TTAGGACAACGGACCTAAGC 103 703 875542 N/A N/A 102896 102915 AGCAAAAGCCATACTGAGCA 71 704 875566 N/A N/A 106280 106299 AAATCACACATAGACTAAAA 89 705 875590 N/A N/A 109774 109793 TCAGCCCCAGTACAATAAAG 84 706 875614 N/A N/A 112397 112416 TAAGTAAAAGGAAGAGTATG 98 707 875638 N/A N/A 114258 114277 GCTGAAAAGACAGTAGCTAC 71 708 875662 N/A N/A 116237 116256 GCTAGAGAGCTAGGCATGAG 47 709 875686 N/A N/A 119146 119165 ATCATTTCTATTAAAAAGAC 90 710 875710 N/A N/A 122060 122079 ATTACTACACTGTTTAGGAC 55 711 875734 N/A N/A 125791 125810 CACAAAAAGACACTTGTTAT 86 712 875758 N/A N/A 129116 129135 AAAAAATGTACAAAACCTTA 99 713 875782 N/A N/A 130691 130710 ATTCTGCTTCATCCTTCAGG 54 714 875806 N/A N/A 132608 132627 GTTCAGGACATCTAAACTTA 61 715 875830 N/A N/A 134620 134639 AAGGCTTTGAAAGTCTAATA 46 716 875854 N/A N/A 137343 137362 ATACCAAGCTTGTGGCTTGG 128 717 137421 137440 875878 N/A N/A 139233 139252 ATGCACAAGTCATAAGAGAT 90 718 875902 N/A N/A 142200 142219 TTGTTTAATTTTTGACAGAG 67 719 875926 N/A N/A 143901 143920 TGGAGCAATGTCCTGAGGGC 66 720 875950 N/A N/A 145923 145942 ATATAGACATAGCAAAGCAG 107 721 875974 N/A N/A 147433 147452 ATGCTTCAGAATCAGGCTGC 64 722

TABLE 11 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 32 32 874157 89 108 2079 2098 CTTTACCGGAAGTCGGAGGG 121 723 874181 261 280 2251 2270 GCCCGCTCCGCCGCGCCGGC 115 724 874205 572 591 2562 2581 CGGGCGCGCCAAGGAGACGC 95 725 874227 1417 1436 N/A N/A GGCACTGTATACGAAGATAA 67 726 874250 1648 1667 83259 83278 TCTCTATTTCTTTGTCCAGG 20 727 874274 2362 2381 91246 91265 ACAGCTCTGTTCGATGCAGG 37 728 874298 2676 2695 112985 113004 TGAAAGAATCCTTAGCACTT 51 729 874322 3131 3150 116367 116386 TGTCTTGGCTTGATTCACTG 72 730 874344 4142 4161 148893 148912 GGTAGAAGCAGTAGAAGGGA 45 731 874368 4287 4306 149038 149057 CCCCAAGTTCCTAAATGCCT 69 732 874392 4450 4469 149201 149220 TTTTAGCAGTAATAGCAGCA 65 733 874415 4618 4637 149369 149388 AGTAAAAGTTTTTCCCTTAA 35 734 874439 N/A N/A 146578 146597 CAACTGAGTCGCATCTCTAG 88 735 874463 N/A N/A 3480 3499 AGGCCCACTTGTCTCCACCC 109 736 874487 N/A N/A 3719 3738 GCGCCTTCTCCACTGCGGCC 138 737 874511 N/A N/A 5358 5377 TTATCTTTCCTAAAACAGCC 62 738 874535 N/A N/A 7849 7868 AATGTCAATTAACTTTTTTG 72 739 874559 N/A N/A 10080 10099 GACAGGAGAAATGCTTGGCC 134 740 874583 N/A N/A 13962 13981 CATTGGCAACACTGTTCAAT 66 741 874607 N/A N/A 16692 16711 AACAATTATTTCAATAATGC 129 742 874631 N/A N/A 19028 19047 CATAAAAACAGAAAATATTA 86 743 874655 N/A N/A 21122 21141 AAGATGACAACGGAACGGGA 58 744 874679 N/A N/A 25252 25271 CTGCACGCCACTGTACTCCA 59 745 874703 N/A N/A 28507 28526 CTGACAATAATCACCGGATT 32 746 874727 N/A N/A 30982 31001 CCATCTCAACTCTCATTATT 74 747 874751 N/A N/A 32580 32599 GCCAGATTAATCCGGTCATA 73 748 874775 N/A N/A 35179 35198 ATTCTGTAAGGCTACTACTG 60 749 874799 N/A N/A 37218 37237 TGATTTTTATGTTCCTCAAG 35 750 874823 N/A N/A 38567 38586 ATCTGAATCTAATCATAAGG 142 751 874847 N/A N/A 41643 41662 GGCCAGAACTAGGGAAAGAG 69 752 874871 N/A N/A 43726 43745 CACGAACTGTCCTTAAACTC 64 753 874895 N/A N/A 44805 44824 TCATATGATTACAACTGCAG 74 754 874919 N/A N/A 46547 46566 TAACATTCCAAAATTTAAGA 76 755 874943 N/A N/A 48522 48541 ACAATACACTGAACTCTTGA 69 756 874967 N/A N/A 50878 50897 AATACCCAGTACTGTTAGCC 81 757 874991 N/A N/A 53104 53123 TGAAATCAATTCATATCTTT 91 758 875015 N/A N/A 55614 55633 ATGGAGATCTTTTCCATTAA 88 759 875039 N/A N/A 58233 58252 TACTAAAATCTACACAATTC 128 760 875063 N/A N/A 60587 60606 AGTCATGCTTATAAAGTCCT 30 761 875087 N/A N/A 62947 62966 ACTTAAAATTTGAACTGAAA 119 762 875111 N/A N/A 64571 64590 ACCCGGCCCACACAAAAACT 96 763 875135 N/A N/A 68028 68047 GGTTCAAGCAAATTGCTTGT 77 764 875159 N/A N/A 69889 69908 GTATGATGACAAAAGAGGAC 86 765 875183 N/A N/A 71861 71880 TTTTAAAGGGCCAGAATAAT 100 766 875207 N/A N/A 73177 73196 CTGACCAGAATTTAGGTTGT 146 767 875231 N/A N/A 75227 75246 TTTGAGATGGAGCTTGCTCT 117 768 875255 N/A N/A 77500 77519 CATTATATTAGGTTATATAT 137 769 875279 N/A N/A 80036 80055 AAATGGTTTTACCATTAGCA 80 770 875303 N/A N/A 81936 81955 TTTCCAAGATCACCATAACC 76 771 875327 N/A N/A 83758 83777 TATGTCTAAAAAATTTTATT 87 772 875351 N/A N/A 85054 85073 AGGGTTAATTAGGATCTATA 27 773 875375 N/A N/A 86537 86556 AACTTGCTCTTCAAGGTTAG 79 774 875399 N/A N/A 89386 89405 TTTTAAAGGTTCTCTGGACT 56 775 875423 N/A N/A 92208 92227 TATGGTTTGATGTTTCTGAC 38 776 875447 N/A N/A 95006 95025 CCCTCCCCCTCCTTCTCCTT 110 777 875471 N/A N/A 96438 96457 AAAGAAAAAAAAAGTTGCTC 90 778 875495 N/A N/A 98289 98308 TTAACTTCTCTTTGCCCAAG 82 779 875519 N/A N/A 100293 100312 AGTACAAGCAACAAAAACAG 95 780 875543 N/A N/A 102900 102919 AAAGAGCAAAAGCCATACTG 93 781 875567 N/A N/A 106296 106315 ACACACTTTACCTATAAAAT 96 782 875591 N/A N/A 109890 109909 TGTGCCAGCTTCAGATATGA 72 783 875615 N/A N/A 112404 112423 AATAGTCTAAGTAAAAGGAA 106 784 875639 N/A N/A 114281 114300 CTGGCCAATCAACAAACACT 76 785 875663 N/A N/A 116247 116266 GTTTTATATTGCTAGAGAGC 65 786 875687 N/A N/A 119697 119716 TGCTCCCAGCCTCATATGAA 109 787 875711 N/A N/A 122603 122622 TTAAAAAAATGAAATATGCA 83 788 875735 N/A N/A 125807 125826 CAGAAACAAATTCAACCACA 76 789 875759 N/A N/A 129144 129163 AAAAGAACCTACCTAAGGCA 121 790 875783* N/A N/A 131147 131166 TATTAAAAGTTTTTTTATAT 93 791 875807 N/A N/A 132969 132988 CCAGAAATCTGTAAATTCTT 33 792 875831 N/A N/A 134653 134672 TGTACTTCAAATTTTGTTTA 28 793 875855 N/A N/A 137344 137363 TATACCAAGCTTGTGGCTTG 146 794 137422 137441 875879 N/A N/A 139271 139290 GTTTAATTTGTAACTAGGTT 22 795 875903 N/A N/A 142210 142229 ATGTATTTATTTGTTTAATT 95 796 875927 N/A N/A 143971 143990 CAAGTGCATTTTAGGTGCAC 92 797 875951 N/A N/A 145925 145944 CTATATAGACATAGCAAAGC 80 798 875975 N/A N/A 147453 147472 ATATCATACAAGATTCAATG 86 799

TABLE 12 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 ATXN2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop (% SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control) ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 41 32 874158 94 113 2084 2103 GGACTCTTTACCGGAAGTCG 92 800 874182 266 285 2256 2275 GCCCCGCCCGCTCCGCCGCG 55 801 874206 577 596 2567 2586 GGAGCCGGGCGCGCCAAGGA 114 802 874228 1467 1486 81627 81646 TTGCCCTTGCTTCCCGTTTT 48 803 874251 1649 1668 83260 83279 TTCTCTATTTCTTTGTCCAG 39 804 874275 2364 2383 91248 91267 TAACAGCTCTGTTCGATGCA 53 805 874299 2678 2697 112987 113006 AATGAAAGAATCCTTAGCAC 65 806 874323 3133 3152 116369 116388 TATGTCTTGGCTTGATTCAC 73 807 874345 4147 4166 148898 148917 CAGTTGGTAGAAGCAGTAGA 53 808 874369 4292 4311 149043 149062 ATAGCCCCCAAGTTCCTAAA 45 809 874393 4455 4474 149206 149225 TTTTTTTTTAGCAGTAATAG 118 810 874416 4623 4642 149374 149393 TACAAAGTAAAAGTTTTTCC 132 811 874440 N/A N/A 146583 146602 AGATCCAACTGAGTCGCATC 62 812 874464 N/A N/A 3512 3531 TCGGACACGAACGCAGAGGG 46 813 874488 N/A N/A 5403 5422 TTCGACCTCGATGTTCCACA 85 814 874512 N/A N/A 7908 7927 CAAAATTAGATTACAGTAAA 96 815 874536 N/A N/A 10350 10369 AACAAAACATGTCTCTTTGG 100 816 874560 N/A N/A 13986 14005 CAGCATGATCTTGTGTATAT 23 817 874584 N/A N/A 16725 16744 AAGGAAATTTAAAAAAAAAC 93 818 874608 N/A N/A 19049 19068 CCTCGGCAACTAAGAGCGAA 125 819 874632 N/A N/A 21273 21292 TCCCATCTCAAAAAATAAAT 118 820 874656 N/A N/A 25454 25473 AGGTACTCAGCAAGCTGAGG 93 821 874680 N/A N/A 28537 28556 GCCACTTTGGAAGGTCGAGG 63 822 874704 N/A N/A 31297 31316 AAAGCATGGTTGATTGAAGA 48 823 874728 N/A N/A 32795 32814 CTAAAGCTGAGTGACAGGTA 46 824 874752 N/A N/A 35188 35207 CTTGTTGTTGTTTACATTAT 23 825 874776 N/A N/A 37309 37328 AAGAAATACATTCTGTAAGG 64 826 874800 N/A N/A 38708 38727 AAACTTTCCATTTCAAAGCT 88 827 874824 N/A N/A 41669 41688 AACTTAGTAGACACAACTCT 104 828 874848 N/A N/A 43780 43799 GCTAAATTGTAGTTGTCTAG 57 829 874872 N/A N/A 44818 44837 TCTGGTATCCTGGTGGCTGC 85 830 874896 N/A N/A 45132 45151 AAAGAAAAACAGGTCATATG 68 831 874920 N/A N/A 46580 46599 TTCTGCCCTTCATGTCCGGT 80 832 874944 N/A N/A 48569 48588 ATATTAGGTATTCACTAACA 66 833 874968 N/A N/A 50978 50997 GGCCTCTTAAGACAAAAAGT 83 834 874992 N/A N/A 53114 53133 AGCTCAGAAATGAAATCAAT 71 835 875016 N/A N/A 55889 55908 ACCAGCCTGTGCAATACAGG 120 836 875040 N/A N/A 58283 58302 TATTTCTCACTGTTCTCTAA 135 837 875064 N/A N/A 60616 60635 CTTTTACTTCATGATTTTTT 67 838 875088 N/A N/A 62995 63014 AGTAATTTTATGTTTTTAAA 101 839 875112 N/A N/A 64881 64900 TCCACACGCAGTTTTTTTTT 77 840 875136 N/A N/A 68147 68166 TTTCCCATATAATTTTTTTT 105 841 875160 N/A N/A 69928 69947 CAGGTGGAGCCACGCTCCTC 95 842 875184 N/A N/A 71978 71997 GGGTATCCCCAGCCCCATAC 98 843 875208 N/A N/A 73487 73506 TAGAAGCTCAGTATTAAAAA 72 844 875232 N/A N/A 75614 75633 GTAATTACTCTGCATGTCTC 60 845 875256 N/A N/A 77522 77541 CGTGATGTACAGACTTGAGA 50 846 875280 N/A N/A 80042 80061 CTTTAGAAATGGTTTTACCA 139 847 875304 N/A N/A 82011 82030 GCTCTTCAAGATCTTGGATT 57 848 875328 N/A N/A 83789 83808 TTGCACATAGGTTAGAATTT 10 849 875352 N/A N/A 85056 85075 AAAGGGTTAATTAGGATCTA 43 850 875376 N/A N/A 86832 86851 TCTTTAGAAGAATGCTAATG 82 851 875400 N/A N/A 89401 89420 GGCCGATCTTGTTTCTTTTA 107 852 875424 N/A N/A 92295 92314 TATTGTTGTTACCAAATCTC 63 853 875448 N/A N/A 95058 95077 GGAAGAATACCTACAGCAAG 75 854 875472 N/A N/A 96869 96888 CTGAGCACCAAGTCACTCTC 118 855 875496 N/A N/A 98388 98407 TGCACTATGCATTAGTTACT 73 856 875520 N/A N/A 100334 100353 CAAAAGAAAGAAAACAGGAA 77 857 875544 N/A N/A 102911 102930 CAAAAGGCCCAAAAGAGCAA 70 858 875568 N/A N/A 106734 106753 TAACAAAATGGTAGTAGTTA 144 859 875592 N/A N/A 110018 110037 CTAGACATATTCTGGACCAG 68 860 875616 N/A N/A 112411 112430 GATGGAGAATAGTCTAAGTA 76 861 875640 N/A N/A 114357 114376 TGGCCACGCTGACCTTAAGT 88 862 875664 N/A N/A 116254 116273 ACTCTTAGTTTTATATTGCT 66 863 875688 N/A N/A 119897 119916 GTTCAAGCGATTCTGATGCT 51 864 875712 N/A N/A 122950 122969 CTTATTAATTGAAATATGTA 144 865 875736 N/A N/A 125972 125991 GTTGGTTTTAAAAAGGCAAC 86 866 875760 N/A N/A 129173 129192 GAGAAGTCCCTGGGTTACAC 47 867 875784* N/A N/A 131173 131192 AATTATAAAGGAAAATCCCT 102 868 875808 N/A N/A 133004 133023 TATGAAAAGTAGTAATGTCT 60 869 875832 N/A N/A 134730 134749 TTATAAAATATAAATTGTTC 120 870 875856 N/A N/A 137345 137364 TTATACCAAGCTTGTGGCTT 89 871 137423 137442 875880 N/A N/A 139284 139303 CAGAAAGCTGTGTGTTTAAT 39 872 875904 N/A N/A 142258 142277 CGAACCTGAGTTTGTTGTAC 40 873 875928 N/A N/A 144009 144028 AAAAGGCAACTTGAAGGCAT 73 874 875952 N/A N/A 145950 145969 TGTACACATATATATAGTAG 65 875 875976 N/A N/A 147460 147479 CAACTTAATATCATACAAGA 95 876

TABLE 13 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 31 32 874159 99 118 2089 2108 GATAGGGACTCTTTACCGGA 109 877 874183 271 290 2261 2280 CCGCCGCCCCGCCCGCTCCG 118 878 874207 752 771 2742 2761 GCCGCTGCCGCCGGGCTTGC 157 879 874229 1469 1488 81629 81648 GTTTGCCCTTGCTTCCCGTT 30 880 874252 1650 1669 83261 83280 CTTCTCTATTTCTTTGTCCA 44 881 874276 2365 2384 91249 91268 GTAACAGCTCTGTTCGATGC 34 882 874300 2758 2777 113067 113086 GTGTTACTAAGTATTGAAGG 32 883 874324* 3388 3407 131469 131488 TGTGTTGGTGGTGCCATCAT 254 884 874346 4152 4171 148903 148922 GCTTCCAGTTGGTAGAAGCA 115 885 874370 4297 4316 149048 149067 ATGGAATAGCCCCCAAGTTC 57 886 874394 4476 4495 149227 149246 AAGTCTTGATTTTTTTTTTT 106 887 874417 4628 4647 149379 149398 TTATCTACAAAGTAAAAGTT 77 888 874441 N/A N/A 146588 146607 GAGATAGATCCAACTGAGTC 60 889 874465 N/A N/A 3517 3536 CCGCCTCGGACACGAACGCA 81 890 874489 N/A N/A N/A N/A ACTGTTTCGACCTCGATGTT 121 891 874513 N/A N/A 5527 5546 ATGAACCCAGGAGACAGAGA 62 892 874537 N/A N/A 7982 8001 AAAAAGTTTATTTTCTCCAC 53 893 874561 N/A N/A 10665 10684 GGTTTCATGCCATTCTCTTG 66 894 874585 N/A N/A 14245 14264 TAATTAAAGCACTTTGGGAA 71 895 874609 N/A N/A 17106 17125 ATTCTTGGCAGCTGGGTGCA 60 896 874633 N/A N/A 19342 19361 ATGATGGCACACACATGTGG 74 897 874657 N/A N/A 21336 21355 CTCCGAAAAATTAAAAATAA 82 898 874681 N/A N/A 25995 26014 TTATTCACTACTGTATTCCC 51 899 874705 N/A N/A 28864 28883 CCAGACTTTGCAGCCTACCA 65 900 874729 N/A N/A 31541 31560 TTCCCATCTTCTCGAGTTCT 78 901 874753 N/A N/A 32803 32822 TCAGACTTCTTGTTGTTGTT 19 902 874777 N/A N/A 35267 35286 GAGATAGCATGCCACTGCAC 51 903 874801 N/A N/A 37352 37371 AACAGCCCAATCAGAACAAG 58 904 874825 N/A N/A 38727 38746 AATAACTTTATAGTGAAGAA 71 905 874849 N/A N/A 41776 41795 AAAAACTCACAATCTCTTCC 68 906 874873 N/A N/A 43784 43803 ATGATCTGGTATCCTGGTGG 39 907 874897 N/A N/A 45158 45177 CTTCCCATATTTCTCCCCCA 77 908 874921 N/A N/A 46603 46622 TTCCATCATGTGGGACTTAT 51 909 874945 N/A N/A 48588 48607 CCTCATCAGGCTTCATTCAA 72 910 874969 N/A N/A 51035 51054 ATCAACTCCAAAGGTAGCAG 26 911 874993 N/A N/A 53450 53469 AACAAACAAACATTAATTCG 85 912 875017 N/A N/A 56035 56054 AGTCAAGGGCATGATTGAAG 63 913 875041 N/A N/A 58308 58327 CAGAATAAAACAATCTGTAG 97 914 875065 N/A N/A 60652 60671 TAAATCTTTAATCTCTTTAT 60 915 875089 N/A N/A 63006 63025 TGTACCCAGCCAGTAATTTT 67 916 875113 N/A N/A 65073 65092 AAATCAGCCTGTGCAACAGT 106 917 875137 N/A N/A 68347 68366 CCCTAGGGATACCAAAATCC 111 918 875161 N/A N/A 69938 69957 ACCAAGGGCACAGGTGGAGC 73 919 875185 N/A N/A 72025 72044 GCTGGTGGTCATAAAGAAAT 128 920 875209 N/A N/A 73728 73747 TTTCAAGAATGTAAAATGTT 92 921 875233 N/A N/A 75640 75659 ACATAATTCATTAAATTATA 122 922 875257 N/A N/A 77573 77592 ACCAATAGTGTAAAAGAAGT 104 923 875281 N/A N/A 80384 80403 CTGTAAAAGCCACCTTTCAG 103 924 875305 N/A N/A 82014 82033 CAAGCTCTTCAAGATCTTGG 90 925 875329 N/A N/A 83868 83887 TAAGTTACCTCAGATCCTTT 52 926 875353 N/A N/A 85058 85077 CCAAAGGGTTAATTAGGATC 52 927 875377 N/A N/A 86878 86897 TAGCCACCATGCCTGGCTTC 98 928 875401 N/A N/A 89788 89807 CAATTACATGAATGTGCATC 36 929 875425 N/A N/A 92341 92360 ATGGTGGTTTCAAATGTCAG 39 930 875449 N/A N/A 95227 95246 TATATATGTAAATTATATCT 128 931 95287 95306 875473 N/A N/A 96913 96932 TTGAACCCCACCTTATGCTA 60 932 875497 N/A N/A 98445 98464 GGGCTATGAGCATGTCATGA 71 933 875521 N/A N/A 100335 100354 ACAAAAGAAAGAAAACAGGA 135 934 875545 N/A N/A 103117 103136 TATAATGACAACTTTAAAAC 106 935 875569 N/A N/A 106756 106775 TACAAAACAACCAGATAATA 86 936 875593 N/A N/A 110045 110064 CTAGGCCATAGCTCCCAGAT 99 937 875617 N/A N/A 112430 112449 AGTTTAGGAAAGGTGTTGGG 128 938 875641 N/A N/A 114754 114773 CAATTTAAAAAAAATTGCTA 111 939 875665 N/A N/A 116291 116310 ACATTAGGCACCTATGATAA 74 940 875689 N/A N/A 119970 119989 TTGAGACTCACTCTTTCACT 71 941 875713 N/A N/A 123039 123058 GGCAAGGATGCAGAACACAT 46 942 875737 N/A N/A 125996 126015 AGCCAAGATATATTTTAAAG 84 943 875761 N/A N/A 129221 129240 CTTCATATATGGTACTTCAT 46 944 875785* N/A N/A 131273 131292 TTTCCTCTGAACCTCTTACA 77 945 875809 N/A N/A 133039 133058 TTAAAACTTTTATTCTTCAA 87 946 875833 N/A N/A 134752 134771 TATTACAATATATTTAATAT 79 947 875857 N/A N/A 137346 137365 TTTATACCAAGCTTGTGGCT 98 948 137424 137443 875881 N/A N/A 139301 139320 CTGAAGCAAATTAAGTACAG 65 949 875905 N/A N/A 142335 142354 CATACTCATTAAGTTTACTT 60 950 875929 N/A N/A 144073 144092 TCTACATATGATATTAAAAT 97 951 875953 N/A N/A 146067 146086 ACTCATGTGAGTAACAATCA 65 952 875977 N/A N/A 147547 147566 TAACCCTTGACATTTCTGAT 65 953

TABLE 14 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 45 32 708399 3483 3502 136956 136975 TGTTGTATGGTAATTTGGGA 29 954 874160 104 123 2094 2113 GTGCGGATAGGGACTCTTTA 98 955 874184 276 295 2266 2285 CGCCACCGCCGCCCCGCCCG 120 956 874208 987 1006 N/A N/A CTTCACATTTGGAGCCAACA 62 957 874230 1470 1489 81630 81649 GGTTTGCCCTTGCTTCCCGT 72 958 874253 1652 1671 83263 83282 GACTTCTCTATTTCTTTGTC 62 959 874277 2366 2385 91250 91269 GGTAACAGCTCTGTTCGATG 36 960 874301 2760 2779 113069 113088 CCGTGTTACTAAGTATTGAA 48 961 874347 4157 4176 148908 148927 TCTGTGCTTCCAGTTGGTAG 61 962 874371 4311 4330 149062 149081 CAGCATATGGAATTATGGAA 44 963 874395 4481 4500 149232 149251 GTTCCAAGTCTTGATTTTTT 50 964 874418 4633 4652 149384 149403 TTATATTATCTACAAAGTAA 76 965 874442 N/A N/A 146593 146612 TCTGAGAGATAGATCCAACT 62 966 874466 N/A N/A 3522 3541 CGCCGCCGCCTCGGACACGA 79 967 874490 N/A N/A 2936 2955 GGACGGCGGCGCGGGCCGCG 96 968 874514 N/A N/A 5531 5550 TTAAATGAACCCAGGAGACA 106 969 874538 N/A N/A 7992 8011 GCCCAAACTTAAAAAGTTTA 84 970 874562 N/A N/A 10678 10697 GCTCTGCCTCCCGGGTTTCA 71 971 874586 N/A N/A 14320 14339 CATGACTTTAAAAAGCAATA 59 972 874610 N/A N/A 17158 17177 TTTGAATTACAATGCGGTAT 19 973 874634 N/A N/A 19549 19568 CAAGGCAAGAGGAGTACTTG 87 974 874658 N/A N/A 21350 21369 GAGCAAGATCCTATCTCCGA 67 975 874682 N/A N/A 26160 26179 TGTTTTCCTCTTCATCTAAA 35 976 874706 N/A N/A 28889 28908 AGTCTTGTTCAGTGTCCTTC 19 977 874730 N/A N/A 31622 31641 GAAATATTTAAATTTTAATC 100 978 874754 N/A N/A 32817 32836 TTGTTCTTCCAATTTCAGAC 12 979 874778 N/A N/A 35640 35659 AAAATTACTTCTCATTGACA 67 980 874802 N/A N/A 37398 37417 GAATCATGCCTCATATGATA 127 981 874826 N/A N/A 38826 38845 TCCACAGAAGCTAAATATAG 113 982 874850 N/A N/A 41826 41845 AAATTGTTAAAATGGTATAT 118 983 874874 N/A N/A 43788 43807 AACGATGATCTGGTATCCTG 25 984 874898 N/A N/A 45195 45214 CTTGATTTAACCAACACAGA 77 985 874922 N/A N/A 46632 46651 AAAATTTGTGATAGCTTCTC 45 986 874946 N/A N/A 48678 48697 TTGGAGCCCTAAAAACATAT 106 987 874970 N/A N/A 51088 51107 AATATTTCAATAGTATAAGT 94 988 874994 N/A N/A 53501 53520 CACGCCACTGTACCCAGCCT 107 989 875018 N/A N/A 56070 56089 GAAAAAGAGAACAAGGAGGT 86 990 875042 N/A N/A 58395 58414 GAAGAGATCCCTGTTTGTTA 78 991 875066 N/A N/A 61057 61076 CCACCTTTTCATACATTCAC 71 992 875090 N/A N/A 63149 63168 TACCACCGTGTCTGGCTACT 135 993 875114 N/A N/A 65095 65114 TGATACAGCCACTATGCCCA 64 994 875138 N/A N/A 68412 68431 AATAAATTATTCCAACACAC 88 995 875162 N/A N/A 70035 70054 ATATTAAAGACTATAATACT 89 996 875186 N/A N/A 72033 72052 TGCCACCTGCTGGTGGTCAT 95 997 875210 N/A N/A 73774 73793 TAAAGTTATGTGGATTGCTG 82 998 875234 N/A N/A 76018 76037 CAGATGACTATCAGTAAAGG 65 999 875258 N/A N/A 77592 77611 CTATCAATTTATCCACCTCA 84 1000 875282 N/A N/A 80426 80445 CATAAAATAGCCTTCAGATC 83 1001 875306 N/A N/A 82128 82147 CTAGCTCCTCCTCATTCTGT 59 1002 875330 N/A N/A 83955 83974 CCTTAGACTAAGGGTTGTTT 75 1003 875354 N/A N/A 85060 85079 TCCCAAAGGGTTAATTAGGA 52 1004 875378 N/A N/A 87195 87214 TCCTCACTCTCTCACCCGGC 116 1005 875402 N/A N/A 90101 90120 CCTCCCGGGTCCTGGTTCAA 68 1006 875426 N/A N/A 92344 92363 GCTATGGTGGTTTCAAATGT 42 1007 875450 N/A N/A 95228 95247 TTATATATGTAAATTATATC 103 1008 95288 95307 875474 N/A N/A 96950 96969 GTCAATTAGAAATAAAAAAT 144 1009 875498 N/A N/A 98617 98636 CTAAAACCCACATTATTAAC 87 1010 875522 N/A N/A 100343 100362 CATCCTCTACAAAAGAAAGA 83 1011 875546 N/A N/A 103265 103284 TACAAAAATCAACACACAAA 87 1012 875570 N/A N/A 106843 106862 AAAATCACTTTCAAAACAAG 102 1013 875594 N/A N/A 110104 110123 TGGATACTAGTTCAGCCACA 73 1014 875618 N/A N/A 112541 112560 TCAGACACTTCACAATAAAA 96 1015 875642 N/A N/A 114895 114914 AAACCTACCTGAGAGAAGGA 92 1016 875666 N/A N/A 116299 116318 AAAAATTAACATTAGGCACC 108 1017 875690 N/A N/A 120054 120073 GTTTGGCAGTTCCATCACAG 75 1018 875714 N/A N/A 123199 123218 TTACTAAAAAAAGGTTGACA 101 1019 875738 N/A N/A 126191 126210 TTATTGTAAAAAGATTTATC 95 1020 875762 N/A N/A 129249 129268 TAAAAACTAACATATAAACA 94 1021 875786* N/A N/A 131299 131318 GTAAACTCTCAAATCTTTCT 88 1022 875810 N/A N/A 133116 133135 GCATAAGCTGTGGGTTACAG 41 1023 875834 N/A N/A 134776 134795 GTATTTGGTTCCTTTGAGAA 33 1024 875858 N/A N/A 137508 137527 CTTAGTATTTCATCAATCCT 41 1025 875882 N/A N/A 139406 139425 AGTGTTCCTTGACATAAATA 56 1026 875906 N/A N/A 142354 142373 ACAGGCCCTCCATCATCATC 71 1027 875930 N/A N/A 144074 144093 CTCTACATATGATATTAAAA 89 1028 875954 N/A N/A 146116 146135 AGCAGATATATGGATAACCA 29 1029 875978 N/A N/A 147750 147769 CATGTCAACTGTGTTCCTTT 37 1030

TABLE 15 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 48 32 708490 4500 4519 149251 149270 TCAAGTTTAGTAAAAGGGCG 74 1031 874161 109 128 2099 2118 CGGAGGTGCGGATAGGGACT 78 1032 874185 281 300 2271 2290 GGCCGCGCCACCGCCGCCCC 91 1033 874209 989 1008 N/A N/A TACTTCACATTTGGAGCCAA 60 1034 874231 1471 1490 81631 81650 TGGTTTGCCCTTGCTTCCCG 65 1035 874254 1654 1673 83265 83284 ATGACTTCTCTATTTCTTTG 35 1036 874278 2385 2404 N/A N/A CTTTAGCCTCACTAGAAGGG 73 1037 874302 2761 2780 113070 113089 TCCGTGTTACTAAGTATTGA 64 1038 874325 3485 3504 136958 136977 CTTGTTGTATGGTAATTTGG 40 1039 874348 4171 4190 148922 148941 TGAAATTCTAGTTTTCTGTG 44 1040 874372 4316 4335 149067 149086 TGAAACAGCATATGGAATTA 69 1041 874419 4638 4657 149389 149408 TTATTTTATATTATCTACAA 91 1042 874443 N/A N/A 146598 146617 AGCCTTCTGAGAGATAGATC 73 1043 874467 N/A N/A 3527 3546 GCCCCCGCCGCCGCCTCGGA 73 1044 874491 N/A N/A 2984 3003 CTGCCGGCCCCCAGCCCACC 106 1045 874515 N/A N/A 5633 5652 TGGCAAAATCCCGTCCTCAC 139 1046 874539 N/A N/A 8091 8110 CACTGTTTCAGAATGTGGAA 125 1047 874563 N/A N/A 10828 10847 GCATATAGCAAGAGATGTAG 89 1048 874587 N/A N/A 14339 14358 ATTATTAAGAATATTTTAAC 141 1049 874611 N/A N/A 17212 17231 GCAGAGCAGGACTAGTCCAT 91 1050 874635 N/A N/A 19575 19594 GCCTTAATTTCAATACTTTG 65 1051 874659 N/A N/A 21398 21417 GCAAGAGTTTCACTTGAGCC 112 1052 874683 N/A N/A 26226 26245 CCCATTTCAGCCTCCCCATG 115 1053 874707 N/A N/A 28898 28917 TACTGCTGAAGTCTTGTTCA 98 1054 874731 N/A N/A 31654 31673 ACTTGAAATACGATTAGTAT 67 1055 874755 N/A N/A 32836 32855 CTCACTTAGGTGAGTCATTT 87 1056 874779 N/A N/A 35967 35986 TGAGATATAACAATATTGAA 84 1057 874803 N/A N/A 37400 37419 AGGAATCATGCCTCATATGA 85 1058 874827 N/A N/A 39445 39464 GCAGAAGGACCACTTAAGAC 78 1059 874851 N/A N/A 42179 42198 AATACATATAAAAGCAATGC 57 1060 874875 N/A N/A 43912 43931 TACCTCGCCTAACAAAAATT 103 1061 874899 N/A N/A 45357 45376 ACCAGAGTCCAGGAGTCTGA 125 1062 874923 N/A N/A 46639 46658 AGTCTCAAAAATTTGTGATA 82 1063 874947 N/A N/A 48833 48852 ATCATTCAAAGTGGCTTTAA 41 1064 874971 N/A N/A 51100 51119 TTATAACAGAGGAATATTTC 107 1065 874995 N/A N/A 53763 53782 ATCCTTTAACAACCATGGAA 79 1066 875019 N/A N/A 56364 56383 GGTATAAAAGAGCAAGGAGA 100 1067 875043 N/A N/A 58428 58447 CCGTAAACAGCTTTTCTAAT 82 1068 875067 N/A N/A 61071 61090 ACAAGTGAGGAGGGCCACCT 99 1069 875091 N/A N/A 63212 63231 ATCTCCCTGCGCTCAGATGA 95 1070 875115 N/A N/A 65108 65127 TAGGATTGTAAAATGATACA 61 1071 65149 65168 875139 N/A N/A 68476 68495 ATGGAACAGAACTTAGGAGG 59 1072 875163 N/A N/A 70051 70070 ATGTATTATACAGATTATAT 74 1073 875187 N/A N/A 72064 72083 GGGCAGAAACTTAGTCATTT 82 1074 875211 N/A N/A 73872 73891 TCTTACCAACACCTCATCTT 87 1075 875235 N/A N/A 76039 76058 TTAATTTAGCAAATGGAATC 117 1076 875259 N/A N/A 77632 77651 AAATTTTGATTAGCATTGCC 60 1077 875283 N/A N/A 80616 80635 GTTATAACCAACATCTATAT 97 1078 875307 N/A N/A 82190 82209 CTATTATCTTATCACAAAAT 108 1079 875331 N/A N/A 83977 83996 GTTGCTAAACTGTAACATCC 91 1080 875355 N/A N/A 85061 85080 TTCCCAAAGGGTTAATTAGG 63 1081 875379 N/A N/A 87247 87266 GCCTACTGGTGTTAACACCA 89 1082 875403 N/A N/A 90168 90187 AATGGAGTCTCACTCTATAG 72 1083 875427 N/A N/A 92352 92371 TAAGCTGTGCTATGGTGGTT 27 1084 875451 N/A N/A 95230 95249 ATTTATATATGTAAATTATA 140 1085 95290 95309 875475 N/A N/A 96989 97008 ACTTACACAGTAAAAATGGT 70 1086 875499 N/A N/A 98735 98754 ACACTATGAAGCAGGTTCTA 66 1087 875523 N/A N/A 100418 100437 TAAGTGATGAGGTTTTTAAG 80 1088 875547 N/A N/A 103306 103325 ACCTATTAGAACTGACAAAC 122 1089 875571 N/A N/A 107260 107279 GGGTTATAAAATGTTATTTG 35 1090 875595 N/A N/A 110110 110129 GCAATGTGGATACTAGTTCA 52 1091 875619 N/A N/A 112569 112588 TCCTCTTATACTTGTCATTT 126 1092 875643 N/A N/A 114953 114972 AGGACTATTACTAATAATTT 72 1093 875667 N/A N/A 116631 116650 CACACCAGGCCTCCAATTAC 85 1094 875691 N/A N/A 120228 120247 GGGCACGATCTCAAAACAAT 70 1095 875715 N/A N/A 123671 123690 TGCAAAGACAGGGTTTTGTC 86 1096 875739 N/A N/A 126238 126257 AAACAAATCCAAATTGCAAG 54 1097 875763 N/A N/A 129540 129559 TACAAAAATATTAGCCAGCT 83 1098 875787* N/A N/A 131307 131326 AAACAGCTGTAAACTCTCAA 81 1099 875811 N/A N/A 133194 133213 AAACTAAACACCTTTGATCA 80 1100 875835 N/A N/A 134893 134912 AAAAGGTGACATAAAATTGT 119 1101 875859 N/A N/A 137537 137556 AGCCATGCACAGGACTGAAA 104 1102 875883 N/A N/A 139441 139460 CTTTGGTCCAGACCTAGTCC 63 1103 875907 N/A N/A 142390 142409 AAGACAGTCCTTTTTTTCTA 52 1104 875931 N/A N/A 144082 144101 TAATACAGCTCTACATATGA 95 1105 875955 N/A N/A 146118 146137 AAAGCAGATATATGGATAAC 94 1106 875979 N/A N/A 147776 147795 ACAGGCAACATCTCCGGCTT 86 1107

TABLE 16 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 26 32 874162 114 133 2104 2123 GGGAGCGGAGGTGCGGATAG 114 1108 874186 301 320 2291 2310 GCGGAGGGATACGGTCCCGG 119 1109 874210 990 1009 N/A N/A GTACTTCACATTTGGAGCCA 46 1110 874232 1473 1492 81633 81652 ACTGGTTTGCCCTTGCTTCC 90 1111 874255 1656 1675 83267 83286 ATATGACTTCTCTATTTCTT 48 1112 874279 2458 2477 91728 91747 GATGTTTCATTGGGTTTAAT 25 1113 874303 2762 2781 113071 113090 CTCCGTGTTACTAAGTATTG 73 1114 874326 3486 3505 136959 136978 CCTTGTTGTATGGTAATTTG 45 1115 874349 4176 4195 148927 148946 ATAAATGAAATTCTAGTTTT 150 1116 874373 4321 4340 149072 149091 GACTCTGAAACAGCATATGG 82 1117 874396 4505 4524 149256 149275 CTTTGTCAAGTTTAGTAAAA 78 1118 874420 4643 4662 149394 149413 AGTTTTTATTTTATATTATC 95 1119 874444 N/A N/A 146603 146622 AAGGTAGCCTTCTGAGAGAT 60 1120 874468 N/A N/A 3532 3551 CGGGAGCCCCCGCCGCCGCC 92 1121 874492 N/A N/A 2996 3015 GTCTCCCCCGCGCTGCCGGC 89 1122 874516 N/A N/A 5636 5655 ACATGGCAAAATCCCGTCCT 96 1123 874540 N/A N/A 8113 8132 ACCATGACTGATCCCATGTT 78 1124 874564 N/A N/A 10830 10849 CTGCATATAGCAAGAGATGT 68 1125 874588 N/A N/A 14371 14390 AATTATAATCAAGATTAATT 89 1126 874612 N/A N/A 17241 17260 AAAAATTCATTGAACTGTTG 70 1127 874636 N/A N/A 19633 19652 CTACTATGTGCCAAGAACAG 90 1128 874660 N/A N/A 21433 21452 GCCTGTAATCCCTCCCAACA 134 1129 874684 N/A N/A 26574 26593 TGTTTCCCTCCCTTTTTAAT 71 1130 874708 N/A N/A 29092 29111 AACAGCAAAAGGTAGGCTAG 66 1131 874732 N/A N/A 31705 31724 TATGTCATGCTGTCCAATAT 86 1132 874756 N/A N/A 32845 32864 TAAGGTTAACTCACTTAGGT 68 1133 874780 N/A N/A 35982 36001 TGCCTCTCTATTCCCTGAGA 68 1134 874804 N/A N/A 37534 37553 AAGGCACATTGTGTGGCCAA 104 1135 874828 N/A N/A 39544 39563 CCCGGCCTCGAGACTCCACC 81 1136 874852 N/A N/A 42204 42223 TAGGAGGAGAACTTATGAAT 56 1137 874876 N/A N/A 44007 44026 AGCTGGTATTTAAACCAGGT 128 1138 874900 N/A N/A 45369 45388 TGAGGCAGGATCACCAGAGT 46 1139 874924 N/A N/A 46715 46734 CAACCACACTACTCCATATT 85 1140 874948 N/A N/A 48866 48885 TAAAATAATCAGTATTTGAA 87 1141 874972 N/A N/A 51110 51129 ATTTTTGAATTTATAACAGA 134 1142 874996 N/A N/A 54214 54233 AGGTTTCCCTGGCTGGGCGC 79 1143 875020 N/A N/A 56850 56869 GGACCTGGCAGTTAGAGGTT 90 1144 875044 N/A N/A 58517 58536 CTGGCCTCAATAAGTGCCAC 90 1145 875068 N/A N/A 61079 61098 AAATCATTACAAGTGAGGAG 47 1146 875092 N/A N/A 63237 63256 TCTCACTTGGCTCACTGCAG 69 1147 875116 N/A N/A 65143 65162 TGTAAAATGATACAGCTACG 81 1148 875140 N/A N/A 68607 68626 AGAAGTGTAAAGTTTATAGC 112 1149 875164 N/A N/A 70065 70084 TATACTACTACACCATGTAT 159 1150 875212 N/A N/A 73918 73937 TGAATTTTGGAAAATCTCTC 94 1151 875236 N/A N/A 76149 76168 AGACCAATGCACTATAATAA 117 1152 875284 N/A N/A 80623 80642 TCATTCAGTTATAACCAACA 60 1153 875308 N/A N/A 82230 82249 ATAAACTCTTCTCCCAACTC 68 1154 875332 N/A N/A 84070 84089 AAAGATCCACAACCTACAAG 87 1155 875356 N/A N/A 85062 85081 GTTCCCAAAGGGTTAATTAG 177 1156 875380 N/A N/A 87346 87365 CTGCCATGCCACTAGTGACT 73 1157 875404 N/A N/A 90195 90214 GAAGCAGATTTTTTTTTTTT 27 1158 875428 N/A N/A 92385 92404 TCACTGAACAAAGTACAAAT 68 1159 875452 N/A N/A 95260 95279 AACCACTGATTTATACACTT 20 1160 95320 95339 875476 N/A N/A 97064 97083 TGCCTGGCCAAGAATAGTCT 100 1161 875500 N/A N/A 98816 98835 GAACATGTATTGAATACATA 55 1162 875524 N/A N/A 100442 100461 CAGAAGACAAAGATATTAGC 128 1163 875548 N/A N/A 104013 104032 ATATTATTTATACTGTGTAT 50 1164 875572 N/A N/A 107323 107342 GTTTTCTCTTTGCTTGCTTG 23 1165 875596 N/A N/A 110114 110133 TCTTGCAATGTGGATACTAG 79 1166 875620 N/A N/A 112575 112594 TTTCTATCCTCTTATACTTG 71 1167 875644 N/A N/A 114990 115009 CACACTAAAACAAAATTCAG 96 1168 875668 N/A N/A 117316 117335 GCTCTCGAACTCATGGGTTC 144 1169 875692 N/A N/A 120399 120418 AGCCTGGGAAGCACGGAGAA 83 1170 875716 N/A N/A 123804 123823 ATCACCCCTCCATCGCCCTC 93 1171 875740 N/A N/A 126330 126349 TAGGTGACAGAGCCAAGATT 110 1172 875764 N/A N/A 129790 129809 TGTTACTTATTACCTTCCTG 30 1173 875788* N/A N/A 131325 131344 TGGTTTCCAGATTTCCAGAA 75 1174 875812 N/A N/A 133282 133301 CACAATTTTTTATTTAAAAT 195 1175 875836 N/A N/A 134901 134920 TGAATGAGAAAAGGTGACAT 101 1176 875860 N/A N/A 137712 137731 GCCAGCATGCATGGCTGATT 97 1177 875884 N/A N/A 139457 139476 TCAAAGACATATGCTTCTTT 70 1178 875908 N/A N/A 142421 142440 CTTCCTGAGCTTCACAGTCC 61 1179 875932 N/A N/A 144151 144170 ATTTAAACCATCCATTGTCT 70 1180 875956 N/A N/A 146131 146150 ACAACTTATGGTCAAAGCAG 29 1181 875980 N/A N/A 147793 147812 AGAGCTCTTTTACGCATACA 71 1182

TABLE 17 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 26 32 874163 153 172 2143 2162 CTGAGCGCATCGGAGGGCGG 113 1183 874187 353 372 2343 2362 AGGCGAGCTCTGCCGGGAGG 83 1184 874211 991 1010 48690 48709 TGTACTTCACATTTGGAGCC 25 1185 874233 1475 1494 81635 81654 TAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGCTT 65 1186 874256 1758 1777 83369 83388 AATTCGGGTTGAAATCTGAA 81 1187 874280 2460 2479 91730 91749 GTGATGTTTCATTGGGTTTA 6 1188 874304 2764 2783 113073 113092 TGCTCCGTGTTACTAAGTAT 48 1189 874327 3487 3506 136960 136979 TCCTTGTTGTATGGTAATTT 23 1190 874350 4181 4200 148932 148951 ACAAAATAAATGAAATTCTA 80 1191 874397 4510 4529 149261 149280 TGAAACTTTGTCAAGTTTAG 74 1192 874421 4648 4667 149399 149418 TTTTAAGTTTTTATTTTATA 82 1193 874469 N/A N/A 3537 3556 GAGTTCGGGAGCCCCCGCCG 85 1194 874493 N/A N/A 3003 3022 CGAGCGAGTCTCCCCCGCGC 98 1195 874517 N/A N/A 5901 5920 AAAAGCAAAAATAAGAATTA 77 1196 874541 N/A N/A 8117 8136 GAACACCATGACTGATCCCA 23 1197 874565 N/A N/A 10902 10921 TAGCACCTGAGCCCCACCTG 70 1198 874589 N/A N/A 14504 14523 CTTCAATTCCTGATTTCGAA 74 1199 874613 N/A N/A 17561 17580 AAAAAAAATTTTTGGCTAGG 78 1200 874637 N/A N/A 19886 19905 TTTCAAGTCTATCAACAGAT 63 1201 874661 N/A N/A 21470 21489 AATGGGAAGAAAGAGGAGGC 78 1202 874685 N/A N/A 26678 26697 GAGGACAGGATAACAGATTA 31 1203 874709 N/A N/A 29104 29123 GAGTTGAAGTCTAACAGCAA 44 1204 874733 N/A N/A 31730 31749 ACTTTGTACAATGATGAAGA 87 1205 874757 N/A N/A 32856 32875 GTTCCACCTCTTAAGGTTAA 59 1206 874781 N/A N/A 36132 36151 TTATAGTAATCTGTAATCAG 56 1207 36238 36257 874805 N/A N/A 37550 37569 ATAGATATAGCCCCCAAAGG 165 1208 874829 N/A N/A 39845 39864 GCAAGACTCCGTCTTTCTGT 93 1209 874853 N/A N/A 42212 42231 AAACATCATAGGAGGAGAAC 108 1210 874877 N/A N/A 44056 44075 CTCAGCAGTCAAGTATCTTG 68 1211 874901 N/A N/A 45525 45544 AGAAGGAAGCAAACTAGAAA 74 1212 874925 N/A N/A 46792 46811 CAGGTCATACCTTCATAGAA 62 1213 874949 N/A N/A 48877 48896 AAACCAGTCTATAAAATAAT 92 1214 874973 N/A N/A 51139 51158 TTCAACTAAAATTTTATCTT 182 1215 874997 N/A N/A 54231 54250 ACTCCGCCTCAAAATAAAGG 79 1216 875021 N/A N/A 56853 56872 AAAGGACCTGGCAGTTAGAG 93 1217 875045 N/A N/A 58639 58658 TAATAAACATGTAATGCTTT 100 1218 875069 N/A N/A 61085 61104 TTTCTTAAATCATTACAAGT 81 1219 875093 N/A N/A 63247 63266 GAAACCAGGGTCTCACTTGG 95 1220 875117 N/A N/A 65191 65210 GGTGAGGATGTGAAAAACAT 119 1221 875141 N/A N/A 68674 68693 GATTAGGAGTAGACAGAGTT 90 1222 875165 N/A N/A 70194 70213 TGTATAAACATTTTCTGAAT 67 1223 875189 N/A N/A 72110 72129 GCTACCCCCACAGCAGTGGG 90 1224 875213 N/A N/A 73928 73947 TAGAAATGGCTGAATTTTGG 69 1225 875237 N/A N/A 76502 76521 GTCATACTGACCAGAGTCTA 158 1226 875285 N/A N/A 80645 80664 ATGTCAAAGTAGTTGTTCCC 103 1227 875309 N/A N/A 82340 82359 TGCTGCACCTGACACAGATC 93 1228 875333 N/A N/A 84072 84091 GAAAAGATCCACAACCTACA 63 1229 875357 N/A N/A 85116 85135 AATTCACATTTTACTTTAAC 101 1230 875405 N/A N/A 90206 90225 ACAGAATAGCTGAAGCAGAT 34 1231 875429 N/A N/A 92388 92407 GCTTCACTGAACAAAGTACA 80 1232 875453 N/A N/A 95293 95312 TTGATTTATATATGTAAATT 101 1233 875477 N/A N/A 97173 97192 GACATGCGGTTTCACCATTT 28 1234 875501 N/A N/A 98850 98869 AATACTGGGTCATCTATATT 108 1235 875525 N/A N/A 100484 100503 ACCTTTAAAGTAGACTGCAA 60 1236 875549 N/A N/A 104018 104037 TATATATATTATTTATACTG 104 1237 875573 N/A N/A 107414 107433 ACTACAGTTTTTTAAGACAT 63 1238 875597 N/A N/A 110197 110216 GAGTGCTTGTGCCAGCCTTC 117 1239 875621 N/A N/A 112598 112617 TGGGTGAGAAAAATATGAAA 108 1240 875645 N/A N/A 114996 115015 GTTCAGCACACTAAAACAAA 68 1241 875669 N/A N/A 117334 117353 CACTATATTGCCCATGCTGC 135 1242 875693 N/A N/A 120627 120646 ACCTATAGTCAGGGCATGGT 70 1243 875717 N/A N/A 123819 123838 CTCACTGCAACCTCGATCAC 87 1244 875741 N/A N/A 126725 126744 AAAATACAAGGCCGGGCGCA 352 1245 875765 N/A N/A 129856 129875 ACTTTTATCAAATGAAAGTT 139 1246 875789* N/A N/A 131417 131436 CATGAGGATGCTGTGTTCAA 67 1247 875813 N/A N/A 133329 133348 TACGGATGGGCCTCTTGAAA 41 1248 875837 N/A N/A 134997 135016 CATACTAAAAATTTAAAAAC 80 1249 875861 N/A N/A 137893 137912 TTAAGCTCAAGATATCCTGA 37 1250 875885 N/A N/A 139585 139604 CATTCTGGCTAAAGATCCCA 96 1251 875933 N/A N/A 144213 144232 TGAACTTTCTTGATGGTTAC 64 1252 875957 N/A N/A 146218 146237 TGCTCTTAAAGAAAAATGGG 66 1253 875981 N/A N/A 147796 147815 CAGAGAGCTCTTTTACGCAT 51 1254

TABLE 18 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 28 32 760782 1479 1498 81639 81658 CTGCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTT 55 1255 874164 158 177 2148 2167 GGCCGCTGAGCGCATCGGAG 104 1256 874188 358 377 2348 2367 GAGGGAGGCGAGCTCTGCCG 94 1257 874212 993 1012 48692 48711 CTTGTACTTCACATTTGGAG 27 1258 874257 1760 1779 83371 83390 AGAATTCGGGTTGAAATCTG 57 1259 874281 2461 2480 91731 91750 GGTGATGTTTCATTGGGTTT 22 1260 874305 2765 2784 113074 113093 GTGCTCCGTGTTACTAAGTA 64 1261 874328 3489 3508 136962 136981 TCTCCTTGTTGTATGGTAAT 42 1262 874351 4186 4205 148937 148956 TAAAAACAAAATAAATGAAA 100 1263 874375 4331 4350 149082 149101 GTACCTGCGGGACTCTGAAA 81 1264 874398 4515 4534 149266 149285 TTTACTGAAACTTTGTCAAG 69 1265 874422 4653 4672 149404 149423 ATTTTTTTTAAGTTTTTATT 128 1266 874470 N/A N/A 3557 3576 GGAGCCCCACGATTTCAGGG 65 1267 874494 N/A N/A 3037 3056 CTGCGCCCACCGGCCGAGCC 93 1268 874518 N/A N/A 6371 6390 AAAAATGTTCACTGCACCAC 67 1269 874542 N/A N/A 8121 8140 AAAGGAACACCATGACTGAT 66 1270 874566 N/A N/A 10936 10955 GAACCAGACTGCACAACAGG 82 1271 874590 N/A N/A 14650 14669 GCTAAAGCAGGAGGACAGTT 111 1272 874614 N/A N/A 17582 17601 ATATCAATAAAAAATTACTT 71 1273 874638 N/A N/A 19928 19947 ATCATTACGACCATTCTGCT 61 1274 874662 N/A N/A 21807 21826 AGGAGCGCGCCACCGTGCCT 98 1275 874686 N/A N/A 26733 26752 GAATTTGAATAGGTCATTTA 89 1276 874710 N/A N/A 29848 29867 CTGAGATCAGGAGACCAGCC 125 1277 874734 N/A N/A 31806 31825 CCTAGACACACCAAAAAATC 119 1278 874758 N/A N/A 32891 32910 ATCAGTTAGACAATTAACTA 80 1279 874782 N/A N/A 36313 36332 TGCTCTCTTTGCGCCTGTGT 31 1280 874806 N/A N/A 37712 37731 TGTCATATACCCACTACTCA 37 1281 874830 N/A N/A 40133 40152 CATAAAATTAAAATACTACA 77 1282 874854 N/A N/A 42262 42281 ACCACGCCCGGCCAAAGATG 117 1283 874878 N/A N/A 44068 44087 AGGAAACTGAACCTCAGCAG 112 1284 874902 N/A N/A 45563 45582 CACTGCTTGCCTGGAGACCC 125 1285 874926 N/A N/A 46840 46859 GAAATGTACCCTAAGAAGGG 111 1286 874950 N/A N/A 49008 49027 TCTTAAGTACATTAATAATA 115 1287 874974 N/A N/A 51158 51177 CAGAGTGCTATGTATTAAAT 52 1288 874998 N/A N/A 54550 54569 GAACTTAAAAGTCACACTGA 134 1289 875022 N/A N/A 56884 56903 AAGTGCAGCAATAAAGACAG 95 1290 875046 N/A N/A 58702 58721 ATTTCTATATACTCTAAAAA 86 1291 875070 N/A N/A 61108 61127 CAATAAAATAAAAATAAACT 87 1292 875094 N/A N/A 63266 63285 TAGTAACCTTTTTTTTTTTG 73 1293 875118 N/A N/A 65226 65245 GGGTATAATCAAAGAGACAG 85 1294 875142 N/A N/A 68733 68752 TACATTCCTAACTAATCAGC 137 1295 875166 N/A N/A 70825 70844 AAAAACAAAAAAATGTGTAT 135 1296 875190 N/A N/A 72135 72154 TCCAGCCCCTGTATCCCACC 70 1297 875214 N/A N/A 74077 74096 GGAATAAAAGCATTAATCCA 148 1298 875238 N/A N/A 76541 76560 CAACAAAAGCACATTTAAAT 75 1299 875262 N/A N/A 77753 77772 TCTGCAGAAAAAGAAAAAAA 117 1300 875286 N/A N/A 80664 80683 ATGAAGCTTGTTTTTCAAAA 98 1301 875310 N/A N/A 82410 82429 CCAACAGGGTGCTCTTTAGC 52 1302 875334 N/A N/A 84147 84166 AAGTTAGTAACATACTATTG 64 1303 875358 N/A N/A 85131 85150 AACTTAACTGACATAAATTC 73 1304 875382 N/A N/A 87622 87641 ACACCCCGATACCACTAAAA 112 1305 875406 N/A N/A 90234 90253 AGACCATCTAAGTAATGTCA 43 1306 875430 N/A N/A 92407 92426 CTTGCTCTACTAATATCTAG 83 1307 875454 N/A N/A 95304 95323 ACTTTAAATGGTTGATTTAT 66 1308 875478 N/A N/A 97379 97398 ATGTGAAGATAATTCAATGG 71 1309 875502 N/A N/A 98921 98940 AGCAGAAAACTGAAATTCTT 64 1310 875526 N/A N/A 101064 101083 AATTTTAAAGGCCGGGCACG 125 1311 875550 N/A N/A 104158 104177 CGAATTCAGTAACACATTAA 78 1312 875574 N/A N/A 108028 108047 AAGAACTACAATTTTTTTTT 82 1313 875598 N/A N/A 110258 110277 TCATAGTCAGTGGACTTGGG 79 1314 875622 N/A N/A 112622 112641 CCACATGTCAGAAATTGTGC 71 1315 875646 N/A N/A 115026 115045 ATGGCCATGTAAAAAAAAGA 82 1316 875670 N/A N/A 117477 117496 GTAGGTATATATAAAGCAAG 34 1317 875694 N/A N/A 120644 120663 AAGCAAGTAAAAAGATAACC 136 1318 875718 N/A N/A 123915 123934 TCACAGTAAGAAAAGAAACA 86 1319 875742 N/A N/A 127208 127227 GACAAGACAAGAAAAGAAAA 142 1320 875766 N/A N/A 129887 129906 TAAACAAAAAAGCCACTGAA 103 1321 875790* N/A N/A 131421 131440 TAGACATGAGGATGCTGTGT 81 1322 875814 N/A N/A 133409 133428 AACTAAAGACAAGTCAAATG 89 1323 875838 N/A N/A 135021 135040 TAATGTTAGCATATGTGTAT 51 1324 875862 N/A N/A 137974 137993 CTATTTCTGTACTTTTTGCC 42 1325 875886 N/A N/A 139601 139620 TTTTGTTATATATGCTCATT 37 1326 875910 N/A N/A 142529 142548 TGCCAGAATATTTTAACAAG 61 1327 875934 N/A N/A 144707 144726 AGTTTCACAGTGTTCGCCAG 55 1328 875958 N/A N/A 146252 146271 ACACTGGAGGTGAGCTCCAA 112 1329 875982 N/A N/A 147991 148010 CCTGCACACACACGCCTCAC 135 1330

TABLE 19 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 45 32 874165 163 182 2153 2172 GCTGCGGCCGCTGAGCGCAT 111 1331 874189 363 382 2353 2372 AGGCGGAGGGAGGCGAGCTC 100 1332 874213 994 1013 48693 48712 ACTTGTACTTCACATTTGGA 49 1333 874234 1533 1552 81693 81712 CATCATTTTCCAGGGCCACT 53 1334 874258 1762 1781 83373 83392 CCAGAATTCGGGTTGAAATC 42 1335 874282 2462 2481 91732 91751 AGGTGATGTTTCATTGGGTT 16 1336 874306 2766 2785 113075 113094 TGTGCTCCGTGTTACTAAGT 71 1337 874329 3491 3510 136964 136983 TGTCTCCTTGTTGTATGGTA 49 1338 874352 4191 4210 148942 148961 TATTTTAAAAACAAAATAAA 88 1339 874376 4351 4370 149102 149121 TTTCGGCAAGCAGAGCTGGG 100 1340 874399 4520 4539 149271 149290 AAGAATTTACTGAAACTTTG 54 1341 874423 4658 4677 149409 149428 TTTAAATTTTTTTTAAGTTT 103 1342 874471 N/A N/A 3562 3581 CACATGGAGCCCCACGATTT 102 1343 874495 N/A N/A 3082 3101 TGCTGCGGGAGGCTGGACAG 121 1344 874519 N/A N/A 6400 6419 AATAATTACACTGAAGCAAA 60 1345 874543 N/A N/A 8244 8263 TCCTTTAAGTCAAAATATAT 81 1346 874567 N/A N/A 10956 10975 AAAAAAAACAGGCCTGTTAG 103 1347 874591 N/A N/A 14654 14673 AGAGGCTAAAGCAGGAGGAC 39 1348 874615 N/A N/A 17664 17683 CCTAGCTTAGATATAACCTC 42 1349 874639 N/A N/A 19930 19949 GCATCATTACGACCATTCTG 16 1350 874663 N/A N/A 22432 22451 AATCATATGTTCACACAAAA 73 1351 874687 N/A N/A 26823 26842 AATAACATTTTTTAATACCA 80 1352 874711 N/A N/A 29958 29977 CATGGCTTAAAGCTCAGAAT 119 1353 874735 N/A N/A 31839 31858 CTTGGTCATGAAGCCATGAA 81 1354 874759 N/A N/A 32915 32934 ACTTAAGTAACTAATATTTA 95 1355 874783 N/A N/A 36363 36382 GGAAACCCCGAGTCGGGCAA 94 1356 874807 N/A N/A 37726 37745 ATTACTAGTGTATCTGTCAT 47 1357 874831 N/A N/A 40160 40179 AAACCTCCGTCTCAAAGAAA 89 1358 874855 N/A N/A 42417 42436 GCTAGGACTACAGGTACGCG 87 1359 874879 N/A N/A 44193 44212 AAATTCCTGAAGTCTAAGGA 148 1360 874903 N/A N/A 45566 45585 ATGCACTGCTTGCCTGGAGA 40 1361 874927 N/A N/A 46912 46931 GCAATGAAACTGTTCTATTA 61 1362 874951 N/A N/A 49059 49078 TCCATCATTTAAAAATCCTC 37 1363 874975 N/A N/A 51367 51386 AGTAATAAAAATTTAATGAC 70 1364 874999 N/A N/A 54561 54580 GTTAGCATCAAGAACTTAAA 30 1365 875023 N/A N/A 56886 56905 TCAAGTGCAGCAATAAAGAC 78 1366 875047 N/A N/A 58785 58804 TTTTATGCTAGAGGTTTTTA 92 1367 875071 N/A N/A 61109 61128 ACAATAAAATAAAAATAAAC 71 1368 875095 N/A N/A 63285 63304 AGATAAAAGGCACTGCAATT 147 1369 875119 N/A N/A 65276 65295 GAAAAAAAAAATCTACAGTG 95 1370 875143 N/A N/A 68890 68909 CTGACAAGCAGGAAGAAAGA 83 1371 875167 N/A N/A 71122 71141 CGTGTATAGCTGGGAGCGGT 84 1372 875191 N/A N/A 72378 72397 AAAGAATATTAATTTTCCAT 83 1373 875215 N/A N/A 74178 74197 CCAGCAAATTTAAGCATGGA 82 1374 875239 N/A N/A 76560 76579 CTCACTACAATAACAACAAC 98 1375 875263 N/A N/A 78033 78052 GCTTGGAAAGCTGAGGCAGT 98 1376 875287 N/A N/A 80668 80687 GAAAATGAAGCTTGTTTTTC 137 1377 875311 N/A N/A 82443 82462 CAATGCCCCAGGGTTTATTC 80 1378 875335 N/A N/A 84195 84214 CTTTCCAAATTTAAATAGCT 133 1379 875359 N/A N/A 85140 85159 TTTTAGCATAACTTAACTGA 133 1380 875383 N/A N/A 87736 87755 CATGATAAAATATTTTTAAC 97 1381 875407 N/A N/A 90262 90281 AATCATGTTATTCTCAAAAT 73 1382 875431 N/A N/A 92462 92481 ACACCAGAGTCCAGTACATC 80 1383 875455 N/A N/A 95328 95347 ATTTTAAAAACCACTGATTT 73 1384 875479 N/A N/A 97386 97405 AACAAGCATGTGAAGATAAT 106 1385 875503 N/A N/A 99111 99130 CTCCTGCCTCAGTCTTGCGA 96 1386 875527 N/A N/A 101077 101096 AATGATTTAAAATAATTTTA 166 1387 875551 N/A N/A 104161 104180 AACCGAATTCAGTAACACAT 59 1388 875575 N/A N/A 108060 108079 CAGGAAGAATAAAAAATGAA 95 1389 875599 N/A N/A 110294 110313 TGCAATTCCTGGACAAGTCA 69 1390 875623 N/A N/A 112683 112702 CACAGTCACCAAAGCACTCA 142 1391 875647 N/A N/A 115093 115112 GCCCAAGATCACATCTAATT 85 1392 875671 N/A N/A 117483 117502 ATAACTGTAGGTATATATAA 134 1393 875695 N/A N/A 120698 120717 ACAGATAAATTGAACTTCAT 94 1394 875719 N/A N/A 123938 123957 TACTAAAAGTAGTAACTTTA 82 1395 875743 N/A N/A 127331 127350 AGGCTGAGGTAGAAAGATAA 128 1396 875767 N/A N/A 129897 129916 CTCCTTCTGGTAAACAAAAA 108 1397 875791 N/A N/A 131573 131592 CACACTGGAAGAGACAAACA 106 1398 875815 N/A N/A 133419 133438 CCGTTAAGACAACTAAAGAC 101 1399 875839 N/A N/A 135123 135142 AGGTTTTTGACAAAAGCCCT 104 1400 875863 N/A N/A 137991 138010 TCTCCATGAAGGAGCAACTA 92 1401 875887 N/A N/A 139982 140001 AGACAAAAAAGGAACCAGGG 106 1402 875911 N/A N/A 142611 142630 TTCCTTCATATCCAGTTTAG 114 1403 875935 N/A N/A 144712 144731 GACGGAGTTTCACAGTGTTC 87 1404 875959 N/A N/A 146275 146294 ACACCTTTCACCTGTAGCAG 45 1405 875983 N/A N/A 148054 148073 AGCACTGGCCCTGCCTGCCA 115 1406

TABLE 20 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 41 32 874166 168 187 2158 2177 GAGGAGCTGCGGCCGCTGAG 110 1407 874190 368 387 2358 2377 GTCTGAGGCGGAGGGAGGCG 91 1408 874214 995 1014 48694 48713 CACTTGTACTTCACATTTGG 62 1409 874235 1535 1554 81695 81714 ATCATCATTTTCCAGGGCCA 71 1410 874259 1763 1782 83374 83393 ACCAGAATTCGGGTTGAAAT 60 1411 874283 2464 2483 91734 91753 CTAGGTGATGTTTCATTGGG 30 1412 874307 2768 2787 113077 113096 CTTGTGCTCCGTGTTACTAA 37 1413 874330 3493 3512 136966 136985 CTTGTCTCCTTGTTGTATGG 45 1414 874353 4196 4215 148947 148966 ATATATATTTTAAAAACAAA 123 1415 874377 4356 4375 149107 149126 TCCAGTTTCGGCAAGCAGAG 52 1416 874400 4525 4544 149276 149295 ACGGTAAGAATTTACTGAAA 90 1417 874424 4671 4690 149422 149441 ACTTTTTTTATTTTTTAAAT 95 1418 874472 N/A N/A 3567 3586 GAGGCCACATGGAGCCCCAC 97 1419 874496 N/A N/A 3396 3415 TCCGGAGGAGCCCGGTGCCT 70 1420 874520 N/A N/A 6521 6540 TTCTTGACACTGGAAGTAAT 70 1421 874544 N/A N/A 8253 8272 TTGAGATCCTCCTTTAAGTC 41 1422 874568 N/A N/A 11322 11341 GCCAAAATCAAGGTTACAAA 36 1423 874592 N/A N/A 14673 14692 ATAAAGAACTCTCCAGACCA 90 1424 874616 N/A N/A 17714 17733 ATTCAAATTTAACTGAGTGT 85 1425 874640 N/A N/A 20042 20061 GCATTGGCCTACTCCGTGAA 45 1426 874664 N/A N/A 22447 22466 AACCAAGAGAAATAAAATCA 107 1427 874688 N/A N/A 26863 26882 GCTAGTGACTCAAGTTCCTG 56 1428 874712 N/A N/A 30034 30053 AGTTAATGGGAAACATGATC 84 1429 874736 N/A N/A 31851 31870 AGGGATAAAAGGCTTGGTCA 72 1430 874760 N/A N/A 32983 33002 TGAAAGAAGCCTTCTCAAAC 93 1431 874784 N/A N/A 36387 36406 ATTTTTGACAAGCTGACCGT 103 1432 874808 N/A N/A 37739 37758 GATCTGTATTATAATTACTA 79 1433 874832 N/A N/A 40698 40717 CGCCCTGACTCACGCCTGTA 99 1434 874856 N/A N/A 42555 42574 ATCCAGAATGCAGTAAATGC 27 1435 874880 N/A N/A 44286 44305 AAACAATGGACTTGAATTAA 68 1436 874904 N/A N/A 45671 45690 ATTTCCAAACTTAAAATATA 76 1437 874928 N/A N/A 46982 47001 GATGGAAGACAAATCAATGG 71 1438 874952 N/A N/A 49152 49171 AGCTCATCAAGGTACCAGTT 20 1439 874976 N/A N/A 51385 51404 GAAATGAAGATCTAATAAAG 127 1440 875000 N/A N/A 54588 54607 CTTTTAAACTTTATTGAAAT 85 1441 875024 N/A N/A 56983 57002 TGAAGGAAAAGAAGCCCAGG 83 1442 875048 N/A N/A 59243 59262 ATTTTTAGTAGAGCCATGTC 65 1443 875072 N/A N/A 61124 61143 AATTTCTTTAAAAATACAAT 91 1444 875096 N/A N/A 63309 63328 TAGTTTGACTAAGCCCATTA 53 1445 875120 N/A N/A 65378 65397 ACCACACTTATTTTCTATTT 48 1446 875144 N/A N/A 68973 68992 TCCAAGGTCATCAATGCCCT 106 1447 875168 N/A N/A 71142 71161 CTGGAGTGGCATTAAAAATA 85 1448 875192 N/A N/A 72380 72399 TCAAAGAATATTAATTTTCC 64 1449 875216 N/A N/A 74198 74217 GCCAAAATAAGAAATCTGAG 55 1450 875240 N/A N/A 76565 76584 ATACACTCACTACAATAACA 81 1451 875264 N/A N/A 78448 78467 TTGCAGTGTGACAGAGCAAG 80 1452 875288 N/A N/A 80812 80831 ATCAAAGACAAATGCACTAA 103 1453 875312 N/A N/A 82491 82510 TTGAACTATTTCAGTGCACT 79 1454 875336 N/A N/A 84211 84230 CTCTATTTTCATCTAACTTT 52 1455 875360 N/A N/A 85184 85203 GTACATTTTAACCCTTTGAG 24 1456 875384 N/A N/A 87737 87756 ACATGATAAAATATTTTTAA 144 1457 875408 N/A N/A 90294 90313 CTCCAAAACTATGCTTATAC 60 1458 875432 N/A N/A 92496 92515 TGTGTACAAAGTATAAATCT 72 1459 875456 N/A N/A 95417 95436 CGACTGCTAAACTGGGCACG 70 1460 875480 N/A N/A 97390 97409 TTCCAACAAGCATGTGAAGA 116 1461 875504 N/A N/A 99262 99281 TCCTCTCTGCACTATACTAA 90 1462 875528 N/A N/A 101138 101157 AATTTAGAAAGAACGAATAA 92 1463 875552 N/A N/A 104251 104270 TACAAAACCAAAGGACACAT 102 1464 875576 N/A N/A 108123 108142 AGAAAAATACAGAATATTGT 100 1465 875600 N/A N/A 110667 110686 GGCACTATGGTCTGTAATCC 73 1466 875624 N/A N/A 112840 112859 ATATCTTAAATAACTTTAGT 89 1467 875648 N/A N/A 115157 115176 ATAAACCTGACAGCCTAGCT 85 1468 875672 N/A N/A 117704 117723 GGCTAAGATTTCTATTTTTT 62 1469 875696 N/A N/A 120718 120737 AGCAACAAAAGAAAAAACAA 86 1470 875720 N/A N/A 124032 124051 GGCTCTTCAAAAAAAACCGC 96 1471 875744 N/A N/A 127393 127412 CTGGGTGTGATGGCTCATCC 106 1472 875768 N/A N/A 129900 129919 CACCTCCTTCTGGTAAACAA 87 1473 875792 N/A N/A 131617 131636 TAGATAGAGTATGTTTTCAG 52 1474 875816 N/A N/A 133430 133449 ATATTCAGTCCCCGTTAAGA 68 1475 875840 N/A N/A 136211 136230 GGTAAAAGCATCACCATAAA 43 1476 875864 N/A N/A 137994 138013 CTTTCTCCATGAAGGAGCAA 157 1477 875888 N/A N/A 140040 140059 AAGCAGGGTAGGAAGAAAAT 106 1478 875912 N/A N/A 142660 142679 TCTAGGATCACCTGTGCATC 60 1479 875936 N/A N/A 144926 144945 TCAACATGTATCTTAAATGT 79 1480 875960 N/A N/A 146301 146320 AGACAGCAACCACTGAGATG 93 1481 875984 N/A N/A 148158 148177 CTCGGCTCCCGGAAGCCTCA 79 1482

TABLE 21 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 34 32 874167 173 192 2163 2182 ACTCCGAGGAGCTGCGGCCG 100 1483 874191 373 392 2363 2382 AAACAGTCTGAGGCGGAGGG 83 1484 874215 1077 1096 49251 49270 TTTTCTCATGTGCGGCATCA 49 1485 874236 1536 1555 81696 81715 TATCATCATTTTCCAGGGCC 60 1486 874260 1764 1783 83375 83394 AACCAGAATTCGGGTTGAAA 58 1487 874284 2465 2484 91735 91754 GCTAGGTGATGTTTCATTGG 50 1488 874308 2806 2825 113115 113134 GAAGTCTGAACCCCTTGGGA 104 1489 874331 3940 3959 147855 147874 ATTGGCGCATGGGCAGTTGG 62 1490 874354 4201 4220 148952 148971 TCAACATATATATTTTAAAA 104 1491 874378 4361 4380 149112 149131 TAACTTCCAGTTTCGGCAAG 47 1492 874401 4530 4549 149281 149300 GTTTGACGGTAAGAATTTAC 86 1493 874425 4679 4698 149430 149449 TTTTTAAAACTTTTTTTATT 87 1494 874473 N/A N/A 3572 3591 TGCCGGAGGCCACATGGAGC 93 1495 874497 N/A N/A 3410 3429 CAGACCCTGATGATTCCGGA 56 1496 874521 N/A N/A 6751 6770 AACCAAGTACCCTCATTAAT 110 1497 874545 N/A N/A 8481 8500 CCGCACTCATTGCAACCTCC 100 1498 874569 N/A N/A 11435 11454 CAAAATAAATAAATAACCAA 90 1499 874593 N/A N/A 14692 14711 AAAAGTTCTCAAAGAGGCCA 72 1500 874617 N/A N/A 17725 17744 GTTCATCAAAAATTCAAATT 140 1501 874641 N/A N/A 20069 20088 ATGAACTCCTGCTGCCTGGG 55 1502 874665 N/A N/A 22469 22488 CAATCTCATTTCTATGCATT 53 1503 874689 N/A N/A 27130 27149 CCTGGGTTTAAGTGACCCTC 88 1504 874713 N/A N/A 30201 30220 TTAGTTTCATGGAAAATTTG 78 1505 874737 N/A N/A 31871 31890 CCTTGAGTCCCTCTAGAGAA 81 1506 874761 N/A N/A 32994 33013 ATGTCACCTCCTGAAAGAAG 54 1507 874785 N/A N/A 36430 36449 TCATTTTATTCTGCTTTGCT 34 1508 874809 N/A N/A 37849 37868 AATAATACTTAATCCTACTC 87 1509 874833 N/A N/A 40743 40762 AGAAAACCATAATTAATGCA 99 1510 874857 N/A N/A 42595 42614 GAATATATTAACTGATACCA 50 1511 874881 N/A N/A 44316 44335 ACTTTTCCTCACTTTCTTCT 95 1512 874905 N/A N/A 45694 45713 ACAGGCTAAATAAGCTGAAA 93 1513 874929 N/A N/A 47002 47021 GGAAGGACACAAACCGTAAG 62 1514 874953 N/A N/A 49157 49176 TCTTTAGCTCATCAAGGTAC 75 1515 874977 N/A N/A 51885 51904 GTTTTGAAATAAGATACCTG 78 1516 875001 N/A N/A 54602 54621 ATGCATGAATATAACTTTTA 68 1517 875025 N/A N/A 57059 57078 AGCTGGCAGTGTGTGTCATG 79 1518 875049 N/A N/A 59277 59296 CAGGTGCCCGTCACCTCGCC 87 1519 875073 N/A N/A 61226 61245 TGTTTTGCAACTCCCTCAGT 93 1520 875097 N/A N/A 63380 63399 GTGAGAGGTACAAATTGGAT 58 1521 875121 N/A N/A 65409 65428 ACAATATTTGCCTTGGTGGA 74 1522 875145 N/A N/A 68996 69015 ATAAAGATGTAAATTTCTCT 96 1523 875169 N/A N/A 71146 71165 TAGACTGGAGTGGCATTAAA 103 1524 875193 N/A N/A 72393 72412 CCAATGCCATAAGTCAAAGA 130 1525 875217 N/A N/A 74384 74403 CTCTGCTGAGGAATATAAGC 129 1526 875241 N/A N/A 76650 76669 CCCCTACAAGTAAAATGACA 122 1527 875265 N/A N/A 78696 78715 GGCAATAAGAATATGAACAG 66 1528 875289 N/A N/A 80842 80861 ATTTATTCATCATAAATTAA 103 1529 875313 N/A N/A 82494 82513 CAGTTGAACTATTTCAGTGC 54 1530 875337 N/A N/A 84223 84242 AAACTTAGTGTTCTCTATTT 88 1531 875361 N/A N/A 85272 85291 ATGATATGAAGGAAAGTATA 84 1532 875385 N/A N/A 87771 87790 TTTGTAAAGAAATATGTTAC 85 1533 875409 N/A N/A 90317 90336 CTATAATGCTATTCTGAGTG 54 1534 875433 N/A N/A 92571 92590 AAGGAGAGATGTTAAGTAAA 73 1535 875457 N/A N/A 95441 95460 GAAGGGCTGGAGGCAAATGT 83 1536 875481 N/A N/A 97406 97425 TTTGTAGTCAACAGACTTCC 89 1537 875505 N/A N/A 99283 99302 AATATAGCACTCTGCTGTAT 109 1538 99341 99360 875529 N/A N/A 101178 101197 GGAGAAGAAGGGAAATGAGG 87 1539 875553 N/A N/A 104262 104281 CTATTACCCTATACAAAACC 82 1540 875577 N/A N/A 108143 108162 CTCACTGGTAACAAGTACAC 66 1541 875601 N/A N/A 110953 110972 AAGGAAAAAGACACCAAAAA 135 1542 875625 N/A N/A 112860 112879 AAGGAAACAATTATACTTAA 83 1543 875649 N/A N/A 115236 115255 AGATTATCCTAACTATGTTT 90 1544 875673 N/A N/A 117770 117789 TTTCAATTGATCCTCCCACC 133 1545 875697 N/A N/A 120786 120805 TTCATAGGAGTAAATCTCTG 53 1546 875721 N/A N/A 124051 124070 CATTAAAATTAACAATACTG 128 1547 875745 N/A N/A 127761 127780 GTGGGAAAAAAATACAAGAC 72 1548 875769 N/A N/A 129981 130000 GTTACATATTATTTTATCTA 91 1549 875793 N/A N/A 131634 131653 AAAGGTCAGGTTATTCTTAG 46 1550 875817 N/A N/A 133534 133553 CATAATGAACTTTTAACCTA 65 1551 875841 N/A N/A 136265 136284 TCTTCCTAATGGCTCTAGTT 60 1552 875865 N/A N/A 138252 138271 GGAACTCTTGTGCCTCCGCC 87 1553 875889 N/A N/A 140074 140093 TTCCTTGATAGGCCAGTTAA 72 1554 875913 N/A N/A 142681 142700 AGGGCAAGGCAAAGAGCCAG 165 1555 875937 N/A N/A 144941 144960 CCAATCACCTTATTATCAAC 60 1556 875961 N/A N/A 146302 146321 CAGACAGCAACCACTGAGAT 71 1557 875985 N/A N/A 148184 148203 CTGTATACCATCAGAACACA 81 1558

TABLE 22 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 33 32 874168 178 197 2168 2187 GCGGGACTCCGAGGAGCTGC 163 1559 874192 378 397 2368 2387 TACCAAAACAGTCTGAGGCG 74 1560 874216 1079 1098 49253 49272 ACTTTTCTCATGTGCGGCAT 31 1561 874237 1537 1556 81697 81716 CTATCATCATTTTCCAGGGC 42 1562 874261 1766 1785 83377 83396 TGAACCAGAATTCGGGTTGA 73 1563 874285 2466 2485 91736 91755 AGCTAGGTGATGTTTCATTG 62 1564 874309 2808 2827 113117 113136 TGGAAGTCTGAACCCCTTGG 68 1565 874332 3942 3961 147857 147876 TCATTGGCGCATGGGCAGTT 79 1566 874355 4206 4225 148957 148976 AGAAATCAACATATATATTT 67 1567 874379 4372 4391 149123 149142 TAAAAAATAAATAACTTCCA 106 1568 874402 4535 4554 149286 149305 CGTCAGTTTGACGGTAAGAA 81 1569 874426 4684 4703 N/A N/A TTCAGTTTTTAAAACTTTTT 79 1570 874474 N/A N/A 3606 3625 CCTTCCCTTCCCCAGGTGGG 101 1571 874498 N/A N/A 3852 3871 CTCCTAGCATTTCCGAAATT 88 1572 874522 N/A N/A 6805 6824 TTCCTCAGGAATTTCATTCC 89 1573 874546 N/A N/A 8491 8510 ACTGCAACCTCCGCACTCAT 97 1574 874570 N/A N/A 11884 11903 AAAAATTTTGCTGGGCATAG 70 1575 874594 N/A N/A 14775 14794 ATCTGCCTCTGAAAACATTG 51 1576 874618 N/A N/A 17808 17827 GATGCTCAGTTAAATTTCAA 90 1577 874642 N/A N/A 20074 20093 ACTTCATGAACTCCTGCTGC 73 1578 874666 N/A N/A 22506 22525 GTACCCTGGAAAAATAAACA 88 1579 874690 N/A N/A 27138 27157 CTCCAATTCCTGGGTTTAAG 89 1580 874714 N/A N/A 30240 30259 ACAAAGTTAAGTTCTACAGG 62 1581 874738 N/A N/A 31884 31903 CAGTGCCTTTACCCCTTGAG 22 1582 874762 N/A N/A 33100 33119 CATAAGGGTACCACATACCT 66 1583 874786 N/A N/A 36460 36479 GTGTACATGTGATGGCAATA 63 1584 874810 N/A N/A 37868 37887 TCCAAGGCATTTTTTAAATA 77 1585 874834 N/A N/A 40754 40773 TTAAGAACGAAAGAAAACCA 121 1586 874858 N/A N/A 42680 42699 CACCTTCTGCTTCTGATGTG 51 1587 874882 N/A N/A 44355 44374 CATTCTGAGGCCAGTCCTAG 78 1588 874906 N/A N/A 45805 45824 CTACTAATTTTCCCCAATAA 111 1589 874930 N/A N/A 47049 47068 TTGACTAAACATGACATAAA 118 1590 874954 N/A N/A 49184 49203 CTTTACAAAATAAAATTTGT 81 1591 874978 N/A N/A 51901 51920 CACTAAACCACTGTAAGTTT 81 1592 875002 N/A N/A 54673 54692 GAGACCAAAGGAAACTTATT 121 1593 875026 N/A N/A 57092 57111 TACACACATGATAGGAGGGA 43 1594 875050 N/A N/A 59367 59386 AGTGCAGCACCACCATCTCG 90 1595 875074 N/A N/A 61380 61399 GATAGTAAGTATATTAGCAT 91 1596 875098 N/A N/A 63430 63449 TTTAAGTAATAAAAAGCAGT 81 1597 875122 N/A N/A 65449 65468 AAATGAGAAATCTGGAAGAC 76 1598 875146 N/A N/A 69021 69040 AAATTTCACTTGAAGGTTAG 70 1599 875170 N/A N/A 71153 71172 TCCAACATAGACTGGAGTGG 86 1600 875194 N/A N/A 72435 72454 TCTAATCTACAGGCAACTGT 101 1601 875218 N/A N/A 74386 74405 GGCTCTGCTGAGGAATATAA 145 1602 875242 N/A N/A 76793 76812 CTTATTTGGCTGGGTGTTAA 70 1603 875266 N/A N/A 79338 79357 AACTACTATTAAGAGTTCTG 66 1604 875290 N/A N/A 80898 80917 TTGGTAATAAGAGAAAAATT 97 1605 875314 N/A N/A 82601 82620 AACTTGCTCCATGTTTCCTC 51 1606 875338 N/A N/A 84232 84251 TGAAATTGGAAACTTAGTGT 62 1607 875362 N/A N/A 85722 85741 GATAAACCCCCTTTTTAACA 106 1608 875386 N/A N/A 87885 87904 TTATTATTTCCCTTTATTTT 138 1609 875410 N/A N/A 90318 90337 TCTATAATGCTATTCTGAGT 60 1610 875434 N/A N/A 92599 92618 TAACATGCAAAAGAATGAAA 83 1611 875458 N/A N/A 95478 95497 GATTAACGGTTGCTTAGGGT 10 1612 875482 N/A N/A 97440 97459 AGGACAATTCAGAGTCCAGT 75 1613 875506 N/A N/A 99284 99303 GAATATAGCACTCTGCTGTA 58 1614 99342 99361 875530 N/A N/A 101219 101238 GAGATAGCAGAATGGTTACC 112 1615 875554 N/A N/A 104868 104887 AAAAAAGTGGAAAAACTTCA 88 1616 875578 N/A N/A 108258 108277 AGGCTGGTAACAGAGCATGA 81 1617 875602 N/A N/A 110997 111016 AAAATTAGGTAAGCGATCAC 72 1618 875626 N/A N/A 112866 112885 TAAATAAAGGAAACAATTAT 111 1619 875650 N/A N/A 115247 115266 GTGTTCAGTATAGATTATCC 28 1620 875674 N/A N/A 117793 117812 TCCCTGCAGCCTGGACCTTC 87 1621 875698 N/A N/A 120810 120829 AAATCATAGGAGTTTTATAG 102 1622 875722 N/A N/A 124664 124683 CAAAGATCAATACAACAAAA 91 1623 875746 N/A N/A 127802 127821 TTAAATATCAACACAGGGAT 73 1624 875770 N/A N/A 129995 130014 ATTTGGGAGAGCTAGTTACA 67 1625 875794 N/A N/A 131763 131782 TAGTTAAAGCAGGAAAGAGA 108 1626 875818 N/A N/A 133541 133560 AAACAATCATAATGAACTTT 112 1627 875842 N/A N/A 136401 136420 AAAATGTTAAAAGGCAGTTG 69 1628 875866 N/A N/A 138269 138288 CCACCTCCAGGGTTCATGGA 83 1629 875890 N/A N/A 140774 140793 TAATCTATAGCTAATTTGCA 80 1630 875914 N/A N/A 142798 142817 TTAGGCTAGGCACATGGAGC 33 1631 875938 N/A N/A 144978 144997 ATTTGATTTTTCATTACTGC 57 1632 875962 N/A N/A 146349 146368 CAATCCCCTGGGCCCTGGAG 127 1633 875986 N/A N/A 148191 148210 CCAAATCCTGTATACCATCA 61 1634

TABLE 23 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 37 32 874169 183 202 2173 2192 CCACCGCGGGACTCCGAGGA 151 1635 874193 383 402 2373 2392 GTTGCTACCAAAACAGTCTG 94 1636 874217 1080 1099 49254 49273 TACTTTTCTCATGTGCGGCA 24 1637 874238 1539 1558 81699 81718 TCCTATCATCATTTTCCAGG 36 1638 874262 1767 1786 83378 83397 CTGAACCAGAATTCGGGTTG 100 1639 874286 2468 2487 91738 91757 GAAGCTAGGTGATGTTTCAT 89 1640 874310 2809 2828 113118 113137 CTGGAAGTCTGAACCCCTTG 70 1641 874333 3943 3962 147858 147877 ATCATTGGCGCATGGGCAGT 65 1642 874356 4211 4230 148962 148981 TTACAAGAAATCAACATATA 110 1643 874380 4377 4396 149128 149147 GTTATTAAAAAATAAATAAC 110 1644 874403 4540 4559 149291 149310 TAATCCGTCAGTTTGACGGT 80 1645 874427 4689 4708 N/A N/A TTTTTTTCAGTTTTTAAAAC 91 1646 874475 N/A N/A 3611 3630 CCACCCCTTCCCTTCCCCAG 103 1647 874499 N/A N/A 3916 3935 CGCTAGTAAACACCCGCCTT 69 1648 874523 N/A N/A 7056 7075 CCTGTATCCCAAGCAATTCT 51 1649 874547 N/A N/A 8814 8833 TTACATCTCCGTTGAAGTTG 28 1650 874571 N/A N/A 11970 11989 ATGAGAATCATTTGAACGCA 36 1651 874595 N/A N/A 14959 14978 TTTCTGTTTTTCAGTAGAGA 70 1652 874619 N/A N/A 17836 17855 TAGACTGGAGTTGCCAGATA 87 1653 874643 N/A N/A 20097 20116 CGTCTGGTCCCTGTTCAACA 36 1654 874667 N/A N/A 23044 23063 ATCACCGAAAAAATTTCTCA 111 1655 874691 N/A N/A 27274 27293 CTAAATTCCCTGAATTCCGT 74 1656 874715 N/A N/A 30281 30300 ATAGTAAGCTACTACTGAAT 82 1657 874739 N/A N/A 32055 32074 TACAGTTCCAGTTACTTGGG 54 1658 874763 N/A N/A 33174 33193 TATAATCAAAATATTTCATT 84 1659 874787 N/A N/A 36472 36491 CGTATTTTACTAGTGTACAT 67 1660 874811 N/A N/A 37919 37938 TTAATTGGAGACTATAAGTG 110 1661 874835 N/A N/A 40848 40867 ACCCACTGGAAAAAGAAGTA 126 1662 874859 N/A N/A 42797 42816 TAAATCAAACAAGAATGGTA 88 1663 874883 N/A N/A 44372 44391 TAGAAGAGTACTCTTAACAT 103 1664 874907 N/A N/A 45893 45912 TTAAACAGTCAAGTTATCTA 70 1665 874931 N/A N/A 47058 47077 AATGGTGTTTTGACTAAACA 75 1666 874955 N/A N/A 49371 49390 CACCTCTTTTTGCATAACTG 50 1667 874979 N/A N/A 51931 51950 ATACTACGCACTGGACGCAA 97 1668 875003 N/A N/A 54952 54971 ATCAAGTAAAAAACAAGCAG 82 1669 875027 N/A N/A 57111 57130 CATGGTATAAGGGCAATGAT 102 1670 875051 N/A N/A 59425 59444 CATGTCCTATGCTTATTTTT 105 1671 875075 N/A N/A 61670 61689 AATTCCAATTCTTACAGCTG 57 1672 875099 N/A N/A 63477 63496 AGTGAGATAAAATAGAAAAA 98 1673 875123 N/A N/A 65509 65528 GATGATCTAATAAAAGCAAT 81 1674 875147 N/A N/A 69082 69101 ATAAATACTGCTAATACTAC 94 1675 875171 N/A N/A 71209 71228 CTGATCTAGGCCTTCAAGAA 109 1676 875195 N/A N/A 72501 72520 TGTTGGTAGTAAATAGTACA 104 1677 875219 N/A N/A 74397 74416 TCTGCTGATCTGGCTCTGCT 125 1678 875243 N/A N/A 76838 76857 CTCTAGGTGAAGTCAACAAT 72 1679 875267 N/A N/A 79378 79397 AGTAAAAAGTAAATGTCTTC 92 1680 875291 N/A N/A 81016 81035 ACAGCGAGATTCCCTCTCAA 75 1681 875315 N/A N/A 82626 82645 AACGGAGTCACTGTTTTTCC 45 1682 875339 N/A N/A 84273 84292 TTTGGAGAGGAATTCTGGAG 120 1683 875363 N/A N/A 85730 85749 CAGGCAGAGATAAACCCCCT 70 1684 875387 N/A N/A 88403 88422 ATTTTTAACATATACATACT 102 1685 875411 N/A N/A 90320 90339 AATCTATAATGCTATTCTGA 78 1686 875435 N/A N/A 92716 92735 CCTTTAATTCAGCTACTTTT 63 1687 875459 N/A N/A 95503 95522 AGCCCATCCATAGAGACAGA 130 1688 875483 N/A N/A 97464 97483 GGATAAGACATAGAGATTCA 82 1689 875507 N/A N/A 99309 99328 TTCTAATGCTATATTGCTAT 129 1690 875531 N/A N/A 101479 101498 TACGGCACTATATACACAAC 60 1691 875555 N/A N/A 104920 104939 TACAGTAAAAGCAACAATAA 123 1692 875579 N/A N/A 108451 108470 TCACCCTGAGGTCAGGAGCT 131 1693 875603 N/A N/A 111034 111053 CAACTATCCACACAAGAAAG 95 1694 875627 N/A N/A 112878 112897 CTTGGCTGTAACTAAATAAA 81 1695 875651 N/A N/A 115321 115340 TTATTTATAATACCTAAAAC 91 1696 875675 N/A N/A 117891 117910 CTCCCTAATTTTAATGCAGA 75 1697 875699 N/A N/A 120877 120896 CTCATCTCATACACAAAAAT 158 1698 875723 N/A N/A 124851 124870 TATTTCTCCCAGAACTGATA 94 1699 875747 N/A N/A 127963 127982 CTCACTGACTACTCCTATCA 90 1700 875771 N/A N/A 130056 130075 AAGAACTGATTATATAATTA 82 1701 875795 N/A N/A 131935 131954 AAGTAGTGAAGCAAAATGTT 68 1702 875819 N/A N/A 133588 133607 ATGTTCTTTCCACTTGTTAA 68 1703 875843 N/A N/A 136489 136508 ACATGAATATTATTTCTTAT 116 1704 875867 N/A N/A 138357 138376 CCTTATTTTTATTTTTTATT 138 1705 875891 N/A N/A 140799 140818 ATTTAAAGACTATAATACGG 77 1706 875915 N/A N/A 142869 142888 GGTAGGCAAGGCTGCCGAGT 83 1707 875939 N/A N/A 145137 145156 TACTGCCCCAGGGAACTGAT 81 1708 875963 N/A N/A 146696 146715 AAAGCAAATCAACTGCAGTG 72 1709 875987 N/A N/A 148256 148275 GAAGGCCAACTGAGTCCTAG 77 1710

TABLE 24 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 31 32 708439 3944 3963 147859 147878 CATCATTGGCGCATGGGCAG 99 1711 874170 188 207 2178 2197 GGTGGCCACCGCGGGACTCC 87 1712 874194 397 416 2387 2406 CCGCCGCCGTTGCCGTTGCT 83 1713 874218 1081 1100 49255 49274 GTACTTTTCTCATGTGCGGC 42 1714 874239 1540 1559 81700 81719 CTCCTATCATCATTTTCCAG 65 1715 874263 1768 1787 83379 83398 TCTGAACCAGAATTCGGGTT 92 1716 874287 2662 2681 112971 112990 GCACTTGGTTCAATTTTGTC 53 1717 874311 2810 2829 113119 113138 GCTGGAAGTCTGAACCCCTT 47 1718 874357 4216 4235 148967 148986 GGATGTTACAAGAAATCAAC 43 1719 874381 4382 4401 149133 149152 CAAGGGTTATTAAAAAATAA 85 1720 874404 4545 4564 149296 149315 AATAATAATCCGTCAGTTTG 117 1721 874476 N/A N/A 3616 3635 ACTCCCCACCCCTTCCCTTC 84 1722 874500 N/A N/A 3958 3977 CCCCCAGCCCCTACTACAAC 96 1723 874524 N/A N/A 7091 7110 ATCACTAAAAGAAAAATATT 87 1724 874548 N/A N/A 8823 8842 ATAAACTGTTTACATCTCCG 29 1725 874572 N/A N/A 12217 12236 AAGGCCATCCTGGGCAACAG 79 1726 874596 N/A N/A 15407 15426 GAGTCTCACTCTGCTCTGTG 64 1727 874620 N/A N/A 17861 17880 AAAACAGTGAACCATGATTC 56 1728 874644 N/A N/A 20157 20176 TGCTCCCCCAATGTCCACCG 90 1729 874668 N/A N/A 23193 23212 TTATGTTACATCTGCCAACA 60 1730 874692 N/A N/A 27712 27731 TTTTCTGAAATGTTTTATAT 126 1731 874716 N/A N/A 30303 30322 AATCTTTTTATTCTTGTAAT 54 1732 874740 N/A N/A 32095 32114 AGAAAGTTTTAAAAATTAGG 82 1733 874764 N/A N/A 33231 33250 TGTCCTTCAGTAGTTTCTAA 38 1734 874788 N/A N/A 36528 36547 TTTAAGTAATGCTTTATATT 126 1735 874812 N/A N/A 37937 37956 TGTTTAAGTAAAATGTTTTT 119 1736 874836 N/A N/A 40941 40960 TGAGGTATCCAGAGTTACTA 45 1737 874860 N/A N/A 42836 42855 AAATAATAATAATACAGAAG 90 1738 874884 N/A N/A 44389 44408 CACGACTGGTCGATCCCTAG 51 1739 874908 N/A N/A 45927 45946 TCATTAAAAAAACACATATA 99 1740 874932 N/A N/A 47502 47521 CTAATAACTTACAACAACTG 102 1741 874956 N/A N/A 49373 49392 CCCACCTCTTTTTGCATAAC 85 1742 874980 N/A N/A 52015 52034 TATAGAAGAGGGCAATTTCT 86 1743 875004 N/A N/A 54998 55017 GAAGGAAAAAAATAGAGGAG 89 1744 875028 N/A N/A 57198 57217 AATAATAAAGACAGTATCAC 86 1745 875052 N/A N/A 59519 59538 AATAATTCCATTCAAAGTAT 81 1746 875076 N/A N/A 61682 61701 TAAAATGAAATTAATTCCAA 117 1747 875100 N/A N/A 63482 63501 GATAAAGTGAGATAAAATAG 103 1748 875124 N/A N/A 66333 66352 TAAATCCAGGAGTAAAAGAA 81 1749 875148 N/A N/A 69107 69126 ACTGAGTTCTATAGGTGCTT 31 1750 875172 N/A N/A 71274 71293 CAAAGTTCTAAGGAACAAAA 113 1751 875196 N/A N/A 72792 72811 GCAAGATCTGGGTATCCATT 40 1752 875220 N/A N/A 74536 74555 CTCTAGTTGGGAGTTAGACT 109 1753 875244 N/A N/A 76866 76885 GGCTTAAAATGTCCTACTTC 90 1754 875268 N/A N/A 79384 79403 ACATCCAGTAAAAAGTAAAT 78 1755 875292 N/A N/A 81142 81161 ATGGGCATGGTAGCACGCGC 80 1756 875316 N/A N/A 82640 82659 CAATTAGCTGCACAAACGGA 104 1757 875340 N/A N/A 84332 84351 CAGTGAGCAAAGAAATTTCA 118 1758 875364 N/A N/A 85737 85756 TAATTATCAGGCAGAGATAA 79 1759 875388 N/A N/A 88525 88544 ACACTTTACTCACTGCGAAA 41 1760 875412 N/A N/A 90352 90371 AACTGCCATTTTTCCAATTA 49 1761 875436 N/A N/A 92751 92770 TGAGGAAAGGCTACCTTTGC 87 1762 875460 N/A N/A 95519 95538 GAATTTGCCCCAAATAAGCC 85 1763 875484 N/A N/A 97532 97551 GCTAACTGAAAAAGTACAGC 89 1764 875508 N/A N/A 99312 99331 TTGTTCTAATGCTATATTGC 36 1765 875532 N/A N/A 101681 101700 GCTGGTAACGATGTGGATAA 52 1766 875556 N/A N/A 105449 105468 AGTTAAAATCATATCAACTA 94 1767 875580 N/A N/A 108631 108650 AAAGTGGAAAAATTCAATTG 117 1768 875604 N/A N/A 111039 111058 TTGAACAACTATCCACACAA 119 1769 875628 N/A N/A 113298 113317 TAAGGGCAATGTATAAAGTA 82 1770 875652 N/A N/A 115440 115459 GTTACAGTACCCTGTGAAGA 75 1771 875676 N/A N/A 118364 118383 AAAATGAAAACTTTATGTCA 87 1772 875700 N/A N/A 120891 120910 CCTGGACCACTACTCTCATC 77 1773 875724 N/A N/A 124961 124980 AGCAGGCACAAAACTGATAC 58 1774 875748 N/A N/A 128029 128048 ACACACCAAAAAAATTAAGG 97 1775 875772 N/A N/A 130077 130096 AGAACTTGTTCATAAAATCC 57 1776 875796 N/A N/A 131945 131964 CCCTCAGATCAAGTAGTGAA 69 1777 875820 N/A N/A 133661 133680 GCAATGGAAATTTTAGCTTA 39 1778 875844 N/A N/A 136534 136553 ATCTAGTAATGGATCCAAAA 80 1779 875868 N/A N/A 138482 138501 AATCCTTAATATCCTCTAGA 48 1780 875892 N/A N/A 140856 140875 TGAAATATTTTTACTATGCA 57 1781 875916 N/A N/A 142990 143009 ATTCCAAAATAGTTCCCCAC 79 1782 875940 N/A N/A 145153 145172 TAAAGTCAAAAAAGACTACT 115 1783 875964 N/A N/A 146768 146787 CTCTTATGAAGCTGACTCCA 82 1784 875988 N/A N/A 148406 148425 TACACTCAAAGCCAGTCCAT 87 1785

TABLE 25 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 27 32 874171 193 212 2183 2202 GACTCGGTGGCCACCGCGGG 80 1786 874195 402 421 2392 2411 ACGCGCCGCCGCCGTTGCCG 92 1787 874219 1083 1102 49257 49276 CTGTACTTTTCTCATGTGCG 44 1788 874240 1541 1560 81701 81720 ACTCCTATCATCATTTTCCA 85 1789 874264 1770 1789 83381 83400 GGTCTGAACCAGAATTCGGG 59 1790 874288 2664 2683 112973 112992 TAGCACTTGGTTCAATTTTG 26 1791 874312 2812 2831 113121 113140 GGGCTGGAAGTCTGAACCCC 120 1792 874334 3946 3965 147861 147880 AGCATCATTGGCGCATGGGC 24 1793 874358 4230 4249 148981 149000 TTAGCATTCCTATTGGATGT 70 1794 874382 4387 4406 149138 149157 ACTTTCAAGGGTTATTAAAA 54 1795 874405 4556 4575 149307 149326 CTTGATTTATAAATAATAAT 90 1796 874477 N/A N/A 3621 3640 CGGGCACTCCCCACCCCTTC 71 1797 874501 N/A N/A 4095 4114 CGTTTCCTTCTCCCTTTGAA 20 1798 874525 N/A N/A 7401 7420 TAGGCCCTTCTACAAGATAT 79 1799 874549 N/A N/A 9003 9022 TGGTGGTGTGCGCATGTAGA 47 1800 874573 N/A N/A 12222 12241 AATTCAAGGCCATCCTGGGC 73 1801 874597 N/A N/A 15438 15457 TCTTCCAAACTTTTTTTTTT 48 1802 874621 N/A N/A 18178 18197 GAAGAGTGAACCATGGCCAG 69 1803 874645 N/A N/A 20304 20323 AGCAACCCGACCACAGCTGG 86 1804 874669 N/A N/A 23253 23272 GCTGTATTTTTACTCACCTT 18 1805 874693 N/A N/A 27825 27844 AATGTTCATCTTTTCACATC 42 1806 874717 N/A N/A 30442 30461 TCATAATCTCAAATGCAAGC 39 1807 874741 N/A N/A 32163 32182 CTGGGAGGCCAAGGTGAGTC 71 1808 874765 N/A N/A 33310 33329 ATAATTATAGAGCTTCATGT 42 1809 874789 N/A N/A 36607 36626 AACTGCTGGATAGCATTAAA 73 1810 874813 N/A N/A 37953 37972 TAAAAGTCTAAAATTATGTT 85 1811 874837 N/A N/A 41033 41052 GGGAAGAAGGATAGAACACT 53 1812 874861 N/A N/A 42880 42899 GCATTGGTGACAGAGCAAAA 81 1813 874885 N/A N/A 44413 44432 ATTCAGATCCAAAAAGTCTA 107 1814 874909 N/A N/A 45945 45964 TGTACATTTTATACAGAGTC 38 1815 874933 N/A N/A 47521 47540 GCAGTTTATCCCCAATAATC 35 1816 874957 N/A N/A 49426 49445 ATCTTTGCTTGAATAAATCT 66 1817 874981 N/A N/A 52019 52038 CTTTTATAGAAGAGGGCAAT 76 1818 875005 N/A N/A 55002 55021 AAATGAAGGAAAAAAATAGA 85 1819 875029 N/A N/A 57201 57220 ATAAATAATAAAGACAGTAT 112 1820 875053 N/A N/A 59564 59583 TCTTTAGAGATTTATTTGAG 67 1821 875077 N/A N/A 61729 61748 TCAAACCTATGGCAAAAGTG 71 1822 875101 N/A N/A 63615 63634 TTATGGTGAGCTACGATGGC 72 1823 875125 N/A N/A 66398 66417 GTGGGCTTGGTTTTGAAAAA 67 1824 875149 N/A N/A 69151 69170 AATAATAATTTGAGATACCC 77 1825 875173 N/A N/A 71317 71336 CTTTTAGAATCGAATACAAT 83 1826 875197 N/A N/A 72817 72836 CATTGCATCATTAGCTAGAA 67 1827 875221 N/A N/A 74550 74569 GCACAGGAAATTTTCTCTAG 54 1828 875245 N/A N/A 76887 76906 CAACCTTTTCTTCAGACAAG 120 1829 875269 N/A N/A 79445 79464 TTACTTAAGTAATGTATGCC 105 1830 875293 N/A N/A 81388 81407 TTCTGTTACCTTTTCTCCAG 60 1831 875317 N/A N/A 82821 82840 ACCTCAAACTGAACCGCCAG 73 1832 875341 N/A N/A 84407 84426 GTATCATATATTTCTCAGCC 23 1833 875365 N/A N/A 85746 85765 AAAGAAGCATAATTATCAGG 65 1834 875389 N/A N/A 88528 88547 TTAACACTTTACTCACTGCG 33 1835 875413 N/A N/A 90523 90542 GTTTGTATCCCATATGACTT 42 1836 875437 N/A N/A 92768 92787 AAAGCTAAAACACAGGCTGA 79 1837 875461 N/A N/A 95659 95678 TCAAGGAATATTAGTCAGTC 70 1838 875485 N/A N/A 97621 97640 AAGACTTTTTATGTTGCTCC 15 1839 875509 N/A N/A 99383 99402 TATTGCCATCTTACAAATAG 100 1840 875533 N/A N/A 102082 102101 TGGTGGCAGGAGGCAGGAGA 72 1841 875557 N/A N/A 105635 105654 ATGTGACGGCATGTGCCTGT 141 1842 875581 N/A N/A 108635 108654 TCCCAAAGTGGAAAAATTCA 83 1843 875605 N/A N/A 111085 111104 GCCAAACAGAACCTTCCAGT 81 1844 875629 N/A N/A 113410 113429 CTTGTTTTTCTAGCCCTGGG 82 1845 875653 N/A N/A 115560 115579 CAGCTATTTTTAAGAAACTG 74 1846 875677 N/A N/A 118824 118843 TTCCAAGGCTAAAAAAAAAA 116 1847 875701 N/A N/A 120923 120942 GGACAACGGATATCCACAAG 86 1848 875725 N/A N/A 125020 125039 TTAAAATATAACTCACAACA 87 1849 875749 N/A N/A 128050 128069 ATCATCAATGGCTGCTAAAA 51 1850 875773 N/A N/A 130117 130136 GAATGACTGCTTACAACTAG 50 1851 875797 N/A N/A 131959 131978 TGTAATGCCAGTGACCCTCA 54 1852 875821 N/A N/A 133854 133873 TGAAAATCATCTGTACCTCA 58 1853 875845 N/A N/A 136627 136646 GTACCAAAATAAAACTATTT 81 1854 875869 N/A N/A 138721 138740 TTTCCTAGCACCAAATAAAT 85 1855 875893 N/A N/A 141020 141039 TTTGAAATTTCACTTTTAAA 86 1856 875917 N/A N/A 143008 143027 AGCCCATACACAGAAATGAT 77 1857 875941 N/A N/A 145161 145180 ATACATACTAAAGTCAAAAA 79 1858 875965 N/A N/A 146830 146849 TACATGTAAGTTCACATGCC 129 1859 875989 N/A N/A 148687 148706 ATTCGCTTTTCCCCCTCCCA 75 1860

TABLE 26 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708152 1085 1104 49259 49278 TTCTGTACTTTTCTCATGTG 50 1861 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 31 32 874172 198 217 2188 2207 GGCGAGACTCGGTGGCCACC 90 1862 874196 407 426 2397 2416 CCGAAACGCGCCGCCGCCGT 88 1863 874241 1553 1572 81713 81732 TTTTTCTTCCTCACTCCTAT 70 1864 874265 1800 1819 N/A N/A GCCAGGGAACACCTCCATTA 80 1865 874289 2665 2684 112974 112993 TTAGCACTTGGTTCAATTTT 55 1866 874313 2813 2832 113122 113141 TGGGCTGGAAGTCTGAACCC 88 1867 874335 3947 3966 147862 147881 TAGCATCATTGGCGCATGGG 29 1868 874359 4235 4254 148986 149005 AACTGTTAGCATTCCTATTG 32 1869 874383 4392 4411 149143 149162 TCATGACTTTCAAGGGTTAT 46 1870 874406 4561 4580 149312 149331 TCAAACTTGATTTATAAATA 94 1871 874478 N/A N/A 3644 3663 AAGGAGGAAGGCCGGGACGG 90 1872 874502 N/A N/A 4159 4178 TGGTAAGCTCTGGCGGCACT 50 1873 874526 N/A N/A 7402 7421 TTAGGCCCTTCTACAAGATA 59 1874 874550 N/A N/A 9185 9204 AAAAACACAAGTACTTTCAT 78 1875 874574 N/A N/A 12346 12365 AAGATCCTGCAACACACACA 62 1876 874598 N/A N/A 15441 15460 CAGTCTTCCAAACTTTTTTT 47 1877 874622 N/A N/A 18202 18221 CATAGAGCTTAAATTTTAGT 57 1878 874646 N/A N/A 20308 20327 CCCCAGCAACCCGACCACAG 94 1879 874670 N/A N/A 23345 23364 ACTGATAAATGACTCATCCC 48 1880 874694 N/A N/A 27838 27857 ATTACCTAAATAAAATGTTC 88 1881 874718 N/A N/A 30485 30504 TAATTGTAAAGTCCCTGCTC 115 1882 874742 N/A N/A 32207 32226 AAAAAAGGCCAGTCGCAGTG 73 1883 874766 N/A N/A 33314 33333 CAATATAATTATAGAGCTTC 48 1884 874790 N/A N/A 36647 36666 GCATAAGACACCATGCCTAG 89 1885 874814 N/A N/A 38116 38135 TCATGTCTCTCATATGTTTA 67 1886 874838 N/A N/A 41106 41125 TAGAGTGATGGTAGGCATAC 64 1887 874862 N/A N/A 42969 42988 CCCCGCTACTTGGTAGGGTG 89 1888 874886 N/A N/A 44472 44491 TTTTAATAAAATAATCACAA 90 1889 874910 N/A N/A 46039 46058 GCATGAGTCAATTAAACCTC 39 1890 874934 N/A N/A 47558 47577 TTTTAACTTCATGGAATTAC 72 1891 874958 N/A N/A 49453 49472 AAAAAAGTTTGTAAGATCAC 87 1892 874982 N/A N/A 52064 52083 TGGTTTTCTCCATACTGATA 43 1893 875006 N/A N/A 55055 55074 GTTGGAGTAAAGAGGAAAAC 88 1894 875030 N/A N/A 57279 57298 GGCACTGAATTTCATTTATT 43 1895 875054 N/A N/A 59820 59839 CGGCTGGAGTGCAATCTCAG 82 1896 875078 N/A N/A 61798 61817 ACAGAATTTAGGAATTGAAA 91 1897 875102 N/A N/A 63893 63912 AAAATGTAAATTGATTGTAG 111 1898 875126 N/A N/A 66456 66475 AATAAAAACAAACCACAATG 100 1899 875150 N/A N/A 69170 69189 CAAAAATATATATACATAAA 103 1900 875174 N/A N/A 71392 71411 ATACAATTCCCAGCATTTCC 78 1901 875198 N/A N/A 72868 72887 CATCAGGATGCTGAGAAAAT 90 1902 875222 N/A N/A 74610 74629 AGTACTGACTTATGAAAGCA 85 1903 875246 N/A N/A 76925 76944 CTTTAATTCCAATGTAACCT 42 1904 875270 N/A N/A 79474 79493 AATCACACTTACTTATGGAG 75 1905 875294 N/A N/A 81536 81555 TTTAAAGCCACAGTTTATGT 49 1906 875318 N/A N/A 82842 82861 AATATCGGCAATGCTGATGA 84 1907 875342 N/A N/A 84409 84428 AAGTATCATATATTTCTCAG 50 1908 875366 N/A N/A 85841 85860 TTCAAGACTGGCTGAAGAAA 86 1909 875390 N/A N/A 88618 88637 ACAAAACTTTATAGTTTTAC 99 1910 875414 N/A N/A 90912 90931 GGAATTTGCTGGCAATCAAA 31 1911 875438 N/A N/A 92803 92822 AATAAGTCAAGAATGAAGCT 79 1912 875462 N/A N/A 95679 95698 AAAATGTGGTATTATCCACA 119 1913 875486 N/A N/A 97661 97680 AGGCACCTAAAAGTAGTAAG 45 1914 875510 N/A N/A 99409 99428 ACAGCCCTATTTGATGTAGA 48 1915 875534 N/A N/A 102327 102346 AATATAAAAGGCACTCAAGC 95 1916 875558 N/A N/A 105640 105659 GCCATATGTGACGGCATGTG 92 1917 875582 N/A N/A 108837 108856 CCTCACCAAATGAACTAAAA 105 1918 875606 N/A N/A 111160 111179 ATATTGGTCAGTTAGACATT 85 1919 875630 N/A N/A 113616 113635 ACATTAACTAAAACACAGTT 76 1920 875654 N/A N/A 115601 115620 AACTTAAAACTTTGTCAATT 97 1921 875678 N/A N/A 118878 118897 CTCTATAATTTGATTACATT 70 1922 875702 N/A N/A 120942 120961 TTTTCAACAAATGAGGTGGG 87 1923 875726 N/A N/A 125029 125048 TGAAAGTTTTTAAAATATAA 93 1924 875750 N/A N/A 128051 128070 TATCATCAATGGCTGCTAAA 57 1925 875774 N/A N/A 130162 130181 TTTCTGGTGTGGCATTAACC 68 1926 875798 N/A N/A 132162 132181 TGCTTATTATTCTCACATAT 22 1927 875822 N/A N/A 133992 134011 GTTCATTCCAGATTTCACTG 34 1928 875846 N/A N/A 136702 136721 AGTAAAAGGAATAAAATCAT 98 1929 875870 N/A N/A 138751 138770 AGAGCATCTATTAAAGGATT 76 1930 875894 N/A N/A 141087 141106 CGGAATCTCAGAGGTTTTTG 52 1931 875918 N/A N/A 143022 143041 CCCTCAAGATAATAAGCCCA 87 1932 875942 N/A N/A 145277 145296 GTACAGGAGAATGTACAGGG 83 1933 875966 N/A N/A 146947 146966 AATGCCGTTTTTACTCTCAC 18 1934 875990 N/A N/A 148704 148723 ACAAAACTCAAAATTGAATT 103 1935

TABLE 27 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708153 1087 1106 49261 49280 GATTCTGTACTTTTCTCATG 45 1936 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 29 32 874173 203 222 2193 2212 GAAGCGGCGAGACTCGGTGG 96 1937 874197 412 431 2402 2421 CCGGGCCGAAACGCGCCGCC 109 1938 874242 1554 1573 81714 81733 ATTTTTCTTCCTCACTCCTA 64 1939 874266 2091 2110 88201 88220 CAAATTCTAGGCCACTGGAT 91 1940 874290 2666 2685 112975 112994 CTTAGCACTTGGTTCAATTT 45 1941 874314 2814 2833 113123 113142 CTGGGCTGGAAGTCTGAACC 92 1942 874336 3948 3967 147863 147882 TTAGCATCATTGGCGCATGG 52 1943 874360 4240 4259 148991 149010 AAGTGAACTGTTAGCATTCC 34 1944 874384 4397 4416 149148 149167 TGTGTTCATGACTTTCAAGG 18 1945 874407 4566 4585 149317 149336 CCTCATCAAACTTGATTTAT 52 1946 874479 N/A N/A 3666 3685 CGCCGGAGAGGTCTGGCGGG 91 1947 874503 N/A N/A 4530 4549 AAGTAGTGTTTGGGATGCTT 12 1948 874527 N/A N/A 7453 7472 AAACCCCATGTACATAGATG 71 1949 874551 N/A N/A 9771 9790 TTCGAGATGAGCCTAACCAA 78 1950 874575 N/A N/A 12824 12843 TACTTAAAATGCATAAAAAA 86 1951 874599 N/A N/A 15653 15672 TAAGTGAACCACCTGCCTCA 98 1952 874623 N/A N/A 18210 18229 CCTGCTTTCATAGAGCTTAA 65 1953 874647 N/A N/A 20402 20421 ATTTCTTCACCCGTAAATAG 60 1954 874671 N/A N/A 23871 23890 CATTGGTCAACAGTTCACAA 42 1955 874695 N/A N/A 27880 27899 CTAATAGGCACACAATAAAT 61 1956 874719 N/A N/A 30635 30654 TTATTACTTGCCAGGCATTG 40 1957 874743 N/A N/A 32289 32308 TATGTTATTAAGTGTTTAAT 89 1958 874767 N/A N/A 33325 33344 CTGTCACCATACAATATAAT 67 1959 874791 N/A N/A 36798 36817 CTGCTAGACAAATTCTGTAA 77 1960 874815 N/A N/A 38215 38234 TTATTAATTTCCTTATTTTG 91 1961 874839 N/A N/A 41127 41146 ATGCCAAAATCACTGTGATT 87 1962 874863 N/A N/A 43158 43177 GTCAAATTAATATAAAGAAA 95 1963 874887 N/A N/A 44512 44531 TCTCATAAACATTAGTCATG 43 1964 874911 N/A N/A 46136 46155 CAGCACTTCTCTCTCCTGTC 39 1965 874935 N/A N/A 47663 47682 AATGAATTATATTAGACTGG 51 1966 874959 N/A N/A 49459 49478 TCTTTAAAAAAAGTTTGTAA 109 1967 874983 N/A N/A 52103 52122 AAAAAAAGAAGGAAACCATG 98 1968 875007 N/A N/A 55092 55111 CAATGGAATAAGGAAACAGA 102 1969 875031 N/A N/A 57429 57448 TTGTATTTCTCCGTACTGTC 40 1970 875055 N/A N/A 59830 59849 TGGAGTCACCCGGCTGGAGT 86 1971 875079 N/A N/A 61810 61829 AAGAATCAAAAAACAGAATT 95 1972 875103 N/A N/A 63905 63924 TTCAGGGTGATGAAAATGTA 82 1973 875127 N/A N/A 66510 66529 CATACAAACATAAATTAATT 112 1974 875151 N/A N/A 69174 69193 ATCTCAAAAATATATATACA 102 1975 875175 N/A N/A 71435 71454 TGCACTCATAAGTCTGGACG 79 1976 875199 N/A N/A 72897 72916 TGGAGAGTTAGCACGAAATG 106 1977 875223 N/A N/A 74624 74643 TAATGTTATTGAAGAGTACT 107 1978 875247 N/A N/A 76941 76960 AGAAATTTATGTAATGCTTT 80 1979 875271 N/A N/A 79484 79503 ATGGGCAGGAAATCACACTT 79 1980 875295 N/A N/A 81537 81556 CTTTAAAGCCACAGTTTATG 89 1981 875319 N/A N/A 82852 82871 TCATGGCTCCAATATCGGCA 16 1982 875343 N/A N/A 84424 84443 GGGTTCCACACACTTAAGTA 49 1983 875367 N/A N/A 85857 85876 GTAAAATGAACCTAAGTTCA 77 1984 875391 N/A N/A 88635 88654 TATTAGAGAGGTACTTTACA 84 1985 875415 N/A N/A 90965 90984 CCTCTCTAGCCCTTACCCTT 84 1986 875439 N/A N/A 92861 92880 AGCTGAATAGATACATGTGC 75 1987 875463 N/A N/A 95779 95798 ACGAGAAAAAAACTGCACAC 95 1988 875487 N/A N/A 97686 97705 GGCTAAATAATACATTTGGT 54 1989 875511 N/A N/A 99731 99750 GGTCTGACTCCGTTGCCCAG 84 1990 875535 N/A N/A 102493 102512 ATACCCCAAAAGTACAGGCA 97 1991 875559 N/A N/A 105649 105668 AAAATATCAGCCATATGTGA 95 1992 875583 N/A N/A 108869 108888 CACAAGCATCAAGGCCATCT 85 1993 875607 N/A N/A 111262 111281 TTAGGATGTGGAGGGACCGT 85 1994 875631 N/A N/A 113671 113690 TCCATTTAATTAATATACTG 79 1995 875655 N/A N/A 115613 115632 TGTTTCAGTAGGAACTTAAA 84 1996 875679 N/A N/A 118886 118905 AGATTAAACTCTATAATTTG 93 1997 875703 N/A N/A 121448 121467 ATTTGTCAAAACTCATTAAA 73 1998 875727 N/A N/A 125164 125183 CAACATGGTGATTAGATCAT 73 1999 875751 N/A N/A 128148 128167 AGAAATATTCCAGGCAATAA 74 2000 875775 N/A N/A 130284 130303 GAATTCAGCTCAACTGTCAT 91 2001 875799 N/A N/A 132176 132195 AAGATGGGTTTTTTTGCTTA 21 2002 875823 N/A N/A 134012 134031 AGAACCGGCTCTAATGACTA 72 2003 875847 N/A N/A 136768 136787 GGACTAAACCGGAAGACACT 64 2004 875871 N/A N/A 138796 138815 GTTTCCCCTTTAATAGTATA 48 2005 875895 N/A N/A 141093 141112 ACAGTACGGAATCTCAGAGG 35 2006 875919 N/A N/A 143144 143163 GACAGCACACCGATGATAAA 85 2007 875943 N/A N/A 145320 145339 CTAAGCTTTGCACACTTGGG 80 2008 875967 N/A N/A 146952 146971 GATGAAATGCCGTTTTTACT 39 2009 875991 N/A N/A 148739 148758 AGCACATGATTGTAAACTAT 35 2010

TABLE 28 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 29 32 874174 208 227 2198 2217 GCGGCGAAGCGGCGAGACTC 107 2011 874198 428 447 2418 2437 AAGGAGCCGCCGGGAGCCGG 87 2012 874220 1105 1124 49279 49298 CGTTTCGGCCCCGAACTGGA 51 2013 874243 1555 1574 81715 81734 TATTTTTCTTCCTCACTCCT 70 2014 874267 2093 2112 88203 88222 TACAAATTCTAGGCCACTGG 62 2015 874291 2668 2687 112977 112996 TCCTTAGCACTTGGTTCAAT 53 2016 874315 2816 2835 113125 113144 TGCTGGGCTGGAAGTCTGAA 88 2017 874337 3950 3969 147865 147884 CATTAGCATCATTGGCGCAT 81 2018 874361 4245 4264 148996 149015 ACTGCAAGTGAACTGTTAGC 87 2019 874385 4402 4421 149153 149172 GCTGATGTGTTCATGACTTT 35 2020 874408 4571 4590 149322 149341 GATCACCTCATCAAACTTGA 52 2021 874480 N/A N/A 3671 3690 CCGCGCGCCGGAGAGGTCTG 90 2022 874504 N/A N/A 4591 4610 AAAGGGAAACTGAAGTTACC 155 2023 874528 N/A N/A 7600 7619 CCTTTAATCTGCTTTCTTCT 103 2024 874552 N/A N/A 9851 9870 GTAGGCTGCGCACGGTGGCT 90 2025 874576 N/A N/A 12944 12963 AAACCAGGCCGGACGCGGTG 146 2026 874600 N/A N/A 15789 15808 CTTGTGTCTGTTTTTTAGTA 69 2027 874624 N/A N/A 18211 18230 TCCTGCTTTCATAGAGCTTA 81 2028 874648 N/A N/A 20415 20434 CCTCTTGGTCTCAATTTCTT 74 2029 874672 N/A N/A 23931 23950 GGTCAGAGGTTAAAAGTCTT 79 2030 874696 N/A N/A 27902 27921 CTTGGCACAGCTCTCCTGAA 126 2031 874720 N/A N/A 30661 30680 AAGAACAGCTAAAAGTTACT 89 2032 874744 N/A N/A 32321 32340 ATACAGATCGCATAGCTTAA 68 2033 874768 N/A N/A 33334 33353 CTATTGGTACTGTCACCATA 82 2034 874792 N/A N/A 36850 36869 ATCAGTATTTACTACTTCTG 34 2035 874816 N/A N/A 38219 38238 ACAATTATTAATTTCCTTAT 114 2036 874840 N/A N/A 41151 41170 ACAGTCAGGAAAAGAGACAA 96 2037 874864 N/A N/A 43345 43364 AAACCAAATATTTTACTATT 89 2038 874888 N/A N/A 44523 44542 AATGTTATATTTCTCATAAA 94 2039 874912 N/A N/A 46218 46237 GTTTCCCCTACGCTGCTCTC 51 2040 874936 N/A N/A 47696 47715 CCCACAGATGCAGAGGACCA 76 2041 874960 N/A N/A 49471 49490 AGCCCAGATATTTCTTTAAA 99 2042 874984 N/A N/A 52289 52308 GTACTAAGAATACAAACAAA 87 2043 875008 N/A N/A 55163 55182 TTTGCTGACCCCTATCATCT 82 2044 875032 N/A N/A 57470 57489 ACAGTTTCACTAGGTTCTCA 24 2045 875056 N/A N/A 59886 59905 TTTCTACAAAAACGGATATA 92 2046 875080 N/A N/A 61853 61872 CTGTAGAAGAACTAAGACAA 81 2047 875104 N/A N/A 64010 64029 TGTCCAGAATGGGCAAACCT 81 2048 875128 N/A N/A 66875 66894 TGTTTTAACTAAGAGTCAGC 75 2049 875152 N/A N/A 69497 69516 GGCCAGAGCGGATACCATAT 88 2050 875176 N/A N/A 71472 71491 TATTTAGTCATTTTTAGCAC 87 2051 875200 N/A N/A 72951 72970 AAAAGTAGCTCTTTCTAAAG 87 2052 875224 N/A N/A 74662 74681 ATTAACACACTCTCACTTTG 64 2053 875248 N/A N/A 76949 76968 TAAGACCAAGAAATTTATGT 104 2054 875272 N/A N/A 79499 79518 CCTTTTGCCAAACACATGGG 90 2055 875296 N/A N/A 81540 81559 GTCCTTTAAAGCCACAGTTT 99 2056 875320 N/A N/A 82893 82912 TTCTCTGAGATCTCTTCTCT 98 2057 875344 N/A N/A 84594 84613 ACAGTTAAACACTTATCTAA 88 2058 875368 N/A N/A 85860 85879 GCTGTAAAATGAACCTAAGT 61 2059 875392 N/A N/A 88725 88744 ATGTTTATAGAATGTACTGA 60 2060 875416 N/A N/A 91284 91303 CAGAAGCCCTTTGTTACATA 40 2061 875440 N/A N/A 92863 92882 AAAGCTGAATAGATACATGT 95 2062 875464 N/A N/A 96003 96022 ACACTTCACACCCACAAGGA 95 2063 875488 N/A N/A 97870 97889 TAGGGTTTCGCCATGTTATC 43 2064 875512 N/A N/A 99818 99837 ACTTTTGGTGTTGCTTTTTC 40 2065 875536 N/A N/A 102497 102516 AGTAATACCCCAAAAGTACA 151 2066 875560 N/A N/A 105876 105895 CAGCTATAGAATACACATTC 93 2067 875584 N/A N/A 109381 109400 GATACCTCTACAGAGTCACA 81 2068 875608 N/A N/A 111328 111347 GGCAGATTTATAGTTCAGAA 46 2069 875632 N/A N/A 113780 113799 CCCCAATTTATCAATAAGCT 85 2070 875656 N/A N/A 115778 115797 AAAAACAACAATAAATTCAA 98 2071 875680 N/A N/A 119028 119047 AAGTTCCCATTGCATTGTTT 21 2072 875704 N/A N/A 121520 121539 GGACAGAGAAGAGGAACAGG 83 2073 875728 N/A N/A 125171 125190 AAAACACCAACATGGTGATT 95 2074 875752 N/A N/A 128189 128208 AGGGTAACCAAACAGCTGGA 59 2075 875776 N/A N/A 130418 130437 AGTATAACACAGCACCATGT 78 2076 875800 N/A N/A 132257 132276 ACAGTGAAAAATCTATTATT 92 2077 875824 N/A N/A 134106 134125 AGCCTGCCTCCATACAGACA 91 2078 875848 N/A N/A 136819 136838 TCATAAGAGATGACAAGCAC 66 2079 875872 N/A N/A 138832 138851 ACCTACTATCTTTTACACAC 84 2080 875896 N/A N/A 141120 141139 ATTCTGTTCATGGAGGTTCA 41 2081 875920 N/A N/A 143153 143172 GTGACTATGGACAGCACACC 77 2082 875944 N/A N/A 145386 145405 AAGCGACAGGAAAGAATTGA 129 2083 875968 N/A N/A 147009 147028 GAGCCCTTGTTTCCTTTTTC 109 2084 875992 N/A N/A 148775 148794 AACTGGCAACACCACACATC 152 2085

TABLE 29 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 30 32 874175 213 232 2203 2222 TGGCTGCGGCGAAGCGGCGA 94 2086 874199 433 452 2423 2442 AGACCAAGGAGCCGCCGGGA 64 2087 874221 1125 1144 49299 49318 TACTCTCCATTATTTCTTCA 46 2088 874244 1557 1576 81717 81736 TGTATTTTTCTTCCTCACTC 38 2089 874268 2095 2114 88205 88224 GATACAAATTCTAGGCCACT 51 2090 874292 2669 2688 112978 112997 ATCCTTAGCACTTGGTTCAA 87 2091 874316 3123 3142 116359 116378 CTTGATTCACTGGCATGGGC 52 2092 874338 4093 4112 148844 148863 GGGCAGCCTTACAACTGCTG 88 2093 874362 4257 4276 149008 149027 CAAGTATCTTCCACTGCAAG 70 2094 874386 4407 4426 149158 149177 TGCTAGCTGATGTGTTCATG 66 2095 874409 4576 4595 149327 149346 ACAGTGATCACCTCATCAAA 83 2096 874433 N/A N/A 146548 146567 GCCAGAGCCTCACTGGCGCA 122 2097 874481 N/A N/A 3676 3695 ACCACCCGCGCGCCGGAGAG 89 2098 874505 N/A N/A 4702 4721 GAATTATCTGCCAAATCTCT 56 2099 874529 N/A N/A 7648 7667 CCAATCCATTTAAAATTGTA 83 2100 874553 N/A N/A 9909 9928 TTTAAGATTTAGGATTTTTT 81 2101 874577 N/A N/A 13311 13330 CACAAATAATTACCAGCAAA 62 2102 874601 N/A N/A 15978 15997 GACCAATATCTGTACTCCCA 41 2103 874625 N/A N/A 18215 18234 AAGTTCCTGCTTTCATAGAG 49 2104 874649 N/A N/A 20447 20466 GCAGCCAATGATGAGATACT 43 2105 874673 N/A N/A 24094 24113 CGGGCCCGGCCCGCATGTTT 83 2106 874697 N/A N/A 27956 27975 ACCAGCCTGACAGGCTGGGC 106 2107 874721 N/A N/A 30733 30752 CCAAGCCCATCAATACCACT 80 2108 874745 N/A N/A 32329 32348 AATATTCCATACAGATCGCA 30 2109 874769 N/A N/A 33336 33355 CTCTATTGGTACTGTCACCA 42 2110 874793 N/A N/A 36881 36900 GAAAGATAAAGTTGTTTATT 125 2111 874817 N/A N/A 38303 38322 TACTGGTTCTTGACCAGAAA 91 2112 874841 N/A N/A 41190 41209 CAGCATCACCTAGTAATTAG 47 2113 874865 N/A N/A 43373 43392 TTACTTTTAATCTTTTCATT 79 2114 874889 N/A N/A 44532 44551 TTAAAGTGAAATGTTATATT 99 2115 874913 N/A N/A 46464 46483 GCATAAAGAACTCTGCAGAC 72 2116 874937 N/A N/A 48095 48114 AACCATGCCTCTTTTTTCTC 30 2117 874961 N/A N/A 49914 49933 TACAAACTAATTTTTTAAGA 117 2118 874985 N/A N/A 52437 52456 TTGATTAAACCATACCTTCC 136 2119 875009 N/A N/A 55244 55263 AGCCATCAAAACAGCCATAG 65 2120 875033 N/A N/A 57471 57490 CACAGTTTCACTAGGTTCTC 51 2121 875057 N/A N/A 59915 59934 TCTAATAAGCTTTAGAATCA 78 2122 875081 N/A N/A 61874 61893 AGAAAAAAGAAGAAAATGAT 96 2123 875105 N/A N/A 64054 64073 AGAAAAAAAAAGGCTATATA 119 2124 875129 N/A N/A 66933 66952 GGAAAGTGGAGTAAGTAGGG 68 2125 875153 N/A N/A 69604 69623 GTGATGAACATACATAATAA 59 2126 875177 N/A N/A 71587 71606 CCTGCGGCACTTTCAACAAC 94 2127 875201 N/A N/A 72955 72974 CACCAAAAGTAGCTCTTTCT 71 2128 875225 N/A N/A 74767 74786 TCCCAGAACCCACTTCTTCA 132 2129 875249 N/A N/A 77066 77085 CAGCATACCCAGCTAAGCAC 124 2130 875273 N/A N/A 79530 79549 ACTATAATGTAAGTCTACCA 136 2131 875297 N/A N/A 81557 81576 AAAGAAAAGCAAAATGAGTC 77 2132 875321 N/A N/A 82937 82956 CTATCTTCACAACATTTTTT 93 2133 875345 N/A N/A 84688 84707 CTGTGAGTATCAAATGATAA 56 2134 875369 N/A N/A 85954 85973 TCAGCTACATGGGCTGTCGC 121 2135 875393 N/A N/A 88766 88785 CAGATGCTATAGAAACACAC 40 2136 875417 N/A N/A 91311 91330 TCAATTTCACAGCTGAGATT 72 2137 875441 N/A N/A 92866 92885 ATTAAAGCTGAATAGATACA 120 2138 875465 N/A N/A 96065 96084 ACAAAAGATGTTCAACATCA 125 2139 875489 N/A N/A 98062 98081 ATATTTTTTTTTTCCACTCT 32 2140 875513 N/A N/A 99836 99855 AGTGAAGGCAAAAATCAGAC 83 2141 875537 N/A N/A 102822 102841 TGGCATGGTACTGGCATAAA 55 2142 875561 N/A N/A 106019 106038 CTCAGTAACAGTCGGAAACT 103 2143 875585 N/A N/A 109417 109436 GGAATTCTCCCAGATCTTCC 83 2144 875609 N/A N/A 111754 111773 ATAAAGGAACTTAAAAGCTA 90 2145 875633 N/A N/A 113815 113834 TAAAAAAAAATTGCCTCAAA 109 2146 875657 N/A N/A 115792 115811 AAGGCTTTGGCTACAAAAAC 94 2147 875681 N/A N/A 119037 119056 GACAACAAAAAGTTCCCATT 38 2148 875705 N/A N/A 121526 121545 ACAGTTGGACAGAGAAGAGG 76 2149 875729 N/A N/A 125288 125307 CTAACTGTATGCTTAATAGT 133 2150 875753 N/A N/A 128252 128271 GACTGCCTTAAAAAGGGAAA 151 2151 875777 N/A N/A 130493 130512 CCAACACTAACTTTCTATCT 144 2152 875801 N/A N/A 132282 132301 ATGGACATTTTATTTTAAAT 83 2153 875825 N/A N/A 134120 134139 ACAGCCTTGCTCCTAGCCTG 75 2154 875849 N/A N/A 136822 136841 TTTTCATAAGAGATGACAAG 84 2155 875873 N/A N/A 138868 138887 ACATTTGAGACCTCAAATTG 101 2156 875897 N/A N/A 141190 141209 CCCAGCCTCTTAAAAATGTC 86 2157 875921 N/A N/A 143195 143214 GTTGAGAATCAGAAGCAGAG 58 2158 875945 N/A N/A 145674 145693 ATAACCTTCACATTCTACTT 85 2159 875969 N/A N/A 147105 147124 TCAACCTGGTCTCACTCACT 69 2160 875993 N/A N/A 148785 148804 TGAAACAGAAAACTGGCAAC 87 2161

TABLE 30 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 27 32 874176 223 242 2213 2232 CCGGGCCACCTGGCTGCGGC 76 2162 874200 438 457 2428 2447 CGCCGAGACCAAGGAGCCGC 100 2163 874222 1127 1146 49301 49320 AATACTCTCCATTATTTCTT 42 2164 874245 1558 1577 81718 81737 GTGTATTTTTCTTCCTCACT 41 2165 874269 2097 2116 88207 88226 GGGATACAAATTCTAGGCCA 59 2166 874293 2670 2689 112979 112998 AATCCTTAGCACTTGGTTCA 53 2167 874317 3125 3144 116361 116380 GGCTTGATTCACTGGCATGG 74 2168 874339 4098 4117 148849 148868 CTCCAGGGCAGCCTTACAAC 166 2169 874363 4262 4281 149013 149032 CGGTCCAAGTATCTTCCACT 39 2170 874387 4412 4431 149163 149182 TCTTTTGCTAGCTGATGTGT 61 2171 874410 4586 4605 149337 149356 ACCACTGTAGACAGTGATCA 85 2172 874434 N/A N/A 146553 146572 ACCTTGCCAGAGCCTCACTG 73 2173 874482 N/A N/A 3688 3707 TGCGGATCGGCCACCACCCG 88 2174 874506 N/A N/A 4749 4768 TGCAACTTAATAACCTTAGT 15 2175 874530 N/A N/A 7734 7753 GACTAATTAACCTAGATAAA 94 2176 874554 N/A N/A 9932 9951 GCTTAGAGTTTTTGCCTTCC 10 2177 874578 N/A N/A 13355 13374 CTTTAAATGTTAATGAGAAT 92 2178 874602 N/A N/A 16423 16442 CTCCCAGGCCGGGAGTGGTG 77 2179 874626 N/A N/A 18328 18347 TAAATAAACTAAGCCTGAGA 85 2180 874650 N/A N/A 20475 20494 AAGTACATCAGATTCTAATG 49 2181 874674 N/A N/A 24497 24516 AAACACTTGTTCCTACTGTC 36 2182 874698 N/A N/A 27969 27988 CAGATATGGCACTACCAGCC 81 2183 874722 N/A N/A 30818 30837 GTCTGACAGCATCAAATGTG 79 2184 874746 N/A N/A 32340 32359 GGAAATTAAGTAATATTCCA 92 2185 874770 N/A N/A 33607 33626 ATCTGAGGTCAGGAACTCAA 76 2186 874794 N/A N/A 36935 36954 CAGGAATTAAAGGCCAGTCT 64 2187 874818 N/A N/A 38320 38339 TGTAGAATATACATATTTAC 100 2188 874842 N/A N/A 41277 41296 TATGAGGGACTAGAGCATCC 37 2189 874866 N/A N/A 43499 43518 CTAATTTCCACTGATCTATG 60 2190 874890 N/A N/A 44538 44557 ACATCATTAAAGTGAAATGT 75 2191 874914 N/A N/A 46468 46487 AAAAGCATAAAGAACTCTGC 62 2192 874938 N/A N/A 48098 48117 CGCAACCATGCCTCTTTTTT 90 2193 874962 N/A N/A 50020 50039 CACATGCCCACTTATAAACT 105 2194 874986 N/A N/A 52556 52575 ACACCCTGACTGTCCAGAGC 96 2195 875010 N/A N/A 55256 55275 CTCTATGGCTACAGCCATCA 149 2196 875034 N/A N/A 57481 57500 TCACTAGGTACACAGTTTCA 64 2197 875058 N/A N/A 59957 59976 TGTGGAAAAAAATTTCCAAA 90 2198 875082 N/A N/A 62377 62396 GCTCAGGAGTTCAAGACAGC 99 2199 875106 N/A N/A 64118 64137 CTGCAATCATGCCACTGCGC 84 2200 875130 N/A N/A 66996 67015 ACTGGTTCTCCAACTGTACT 101 2201 875154 N/A N/A 69659 69678 GCATTAAATATTAAGATCCA 92 2202 875178 N/A N/A 71639 71658 TCAAAGTTCCATATAAACCT 69 2203 875202 N/A N/A 72957 72976 TTCACCAAAAGTAGCTCTTT 68 2204 875226 N/A N/A 74790 74809 GCCATTCTAAGTGGTTTAAC 76 2205 875250 N/A N/A 77268 77287 TAACACTCATTTTTGGCAAG 58 2206 875274 N/A N/A 79564 79583 TAACCTTGGGTCCTCCTGTG 103 2207 875298 N/A N/A 81589 81608 TCTCTTTCTAAGGGCACTCT 80 2208 875322 N/A N/A 82976 82995 CCACTTGACCTCTCTATGGC 132 2209 875346 N/A N/A 84758 84777 GTTTGGAATCTTATTAAGCA 19 2210 875370 N/A N/A 86008 86027 TTCTTCTGGCATTCTAAAAA 74 2211 875394 N/A N/A 88861 88880 ATATTCCTTATGCTAATCAC 47 2212 875418 N/A N/A 91332 91351 TATAATATCACCCTCTAACA 95 2213 875442 N/A N/A 92879 92898 AACTGTTAATAGCATTAAAG 93 2214 875466 N/A N/A 96102 96121 CATCAATCCAAAGAAGATAT 90 2215 875490 N/A N/A 98063 98082 CATATTTTTTTTTTCCACTC 31 2216 875514 N/A N/A 99918 99937 CTTTAGTAGAGGCGATCCAC 67 2217 875538 N/A N/A 102856 102875 ATCATTATCTGACTTCAAAT 82 2218 875562 N/A N/A 106022 106041 GACCTCAGTAACAGTCGGAA 93 2219 875586 N/A N/A 109466 109485 CATTTGTTTGGAGAAATGTA 116 2220 875610 N/A N/A 111768 111787 AAAGGAATATGACAATAAAG 94 2221 875634 N/A N/A 113841 113860 GACATACCTGGAAAAAGTCA 94 2222 875658 N/A N/A 115994 116013 CTTGGTGTCAGATACAAACA 62 2223 875682 N/A N/A 119087 119106 AGCCAAACTGTCATGCTTGC 57 2224 875706 N/A N/A 121576 121595 TAGTAAAAGAAGGCAGATTA 89 2225 875730 N/A N/A 125327 125346 AACAAACCCACCTCTGCAAA 66 2226 875754 N/A N/A 128289 128308 TTTGGAGGATAACAGAAAAC 84 2227 875778 N/A N/A 130500 130519 AACAGATCCAACACTAACTT 80 2228 875802 N/A N/A 132362 132381 AATGAAATCAGTACTATTTA 85 2229 875826 N/A N/A 134239 134258 CCTCCCCAAGTTCTTGGATT 97 2230 875850 N/A N/A 136826 136845 TTCATTTTCATAAGAGATGA 89 2231 875874 N/A N/A 138983 139002 GGGAAGTTGTGCTAAGGCAA 45 2232 875898 N/A N/A 141431 141450 GACTACAGGCGCGCCTGGCT 86 2233 875922 N/A N/A 143582 143601 GAACTGAAAGCCAGTTCTTT 83 2234 875946 N/A N/A 145831 145850 AAAGGACTGACCAATCAGCA 51 2235 875970 N/A N/A 147296 147315 TTGCCTCTCTCCCTCTGCTT 77 2236 875994 N/A N/A 148798 148817 GAAAAGCGAACATTGAAACA 119 2237

TABLE 31 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 25 32 874177 228 247 2218 2237 GCCACCCGGGCCACCTGGCT 104 2238 874201 443 462 2433 2452 AGGCCCGCCGAGACCAAGGA 111 2239 874223 1131 1150 49305 49324 ACAAAATACTCTCCATTATT 69 2240 874246 1559 1578 81719 81738 TGTGTATTTTTCTTCCTCAC 29 2241 874270 2103 2122 88213 88232 GGTTGTGGGATACAAATTCT 53 2242 874294 2671 2690 112980 112999 GAATCCTTAGCACTTGGTTC 59 2243 874318 3126 3145 116362 116381 TGGCTTGATTCACTGGCATG 82 2244 874340 4111 4130 148862 148881 GGCCTTTCGGTTCCTCCAGG 68 2245 874364 4267 4286 149018 149037 CTACTCGGTCCAAGTATCTT 44 2246 874388 4417 4436 149168 149187 TTACTTCTTTTGCTAGCTGA 31 2247 874411 4598 4617 149349 149368 CTTAAAAGTTGAACCACTGT 96 2248 874435 N/A N/A 146558 146577 CCCACACCTTGCCAGAGCCT 74 2249 874483 N/A N/A 3693 3712 AGCAATGCGGATCGGCCACC 83 2250 874507 N/A N/A 4848 4867 AAAGACCTTGTGGTACTAAA 53 2251 874531 N/A N/A 7757 7776 ATAAATTACTAATGAAGCCA 43 2252 874555 N/A N/A 9936 9955 CAAAGCTTAGAGTTTTTGCC 63 2253 874579 N/A N/A 13511 13530 TATTTGCAACACTGCACTCC 117 2254 874603 N/A N/A 16532 16551 ACCTGGTGTTATGAGTCACC 74 2255 874627 N/A N/A 18680 18699 AGTATCTCAGTTTTTTTTTT 17 2256 874651 N/A N/A 20482 20501 GAAATAAAAGTACATCAGAT 63 2257 874675 N/A N/A 24888 24907 CCATCCCAGATAACACGGCG 133 2258 874699 N/A N/A 28082 28101 AAAGACTTTGAAATCTCACA 21 2259 874723 N/A N/A 30895 30914 TGCATGCCTGCCTTCTCTAC 74 2260 874747 N/A N/A 32353 32372 TTCATAAGGTTGTGGAAATT 93 2261 874771 N/A N/A 33816 33835 CGTATGTTTGTCTGTCTTAT 8 2262 874795 N/A N/A 36992 37011 GGTGCAGCCTGTAGTCTCAG 69 2263 874819 N/A N/A 38371 38390 TCCACATATATATGTAGAAT 85 2264 874843 N/A N/A 41450 41469 AATCACTCGAGATTAAAAAC 67 2265 874867 N/A N/A 43533 43552 TATAAAAAAACAGTACAGTA 70 2266 874891 N/A N/A 44605 44624 ATAGAATATAATACAACCTA 70 2267 874915 N/A N/A 46475 46494 CAAAATAAAAAGCATAAAGA 124 2268 874939 N/A N/A 48160 48179 TGTCATACTGTATTGTTTTA 16 2269 874963 N/A N/A 50170 50189 CTCAAAACCTTGTCTCATAC 54 2270 874987 N/A N/A 52570 52589 GAAACCCATAGCTCACACCC 120 2271 875011 N/A N/A 55273 55292 CAGCTACAACTACTCAACTC 78 2272 875035 N/A N/A 57555 57574 AAAATTAATTTTTAAAAGAA 95 2273 875059 N/A N/A 60014 60033 ACAAGTTATGTTTTAATTCT 99 2274 875083 N/A N/A 62546 62565 ATTAGGCTTCTGGATCAGGA 30 2275 875107 N/A N/A 64341 64360 AGATGCGGTGGCTCATGGCT 71 2276 875131 N/A N/A 67056 67075 GGTAAAAAAGACACTACATA 79 2277 875155 N/A N/A 69693 69712 TGTTGGCATAGTAACATACA 55 2278 875179 N/A N/A 71660 71679 AAATCAGCCTTTTCTCAAAC 78 2279 875203 N/A N/A 72969 72988 TGGTTTTAAAATTTCACCAA 115 2280 875227 N/A N/A 74793 74812 GAAGCCATTCTAAGTGGTTT 84 2281 875251 N/A N/A 77332 77351 ATATGTTACAAATTCTCTTT 73 2282 875275 N/A N/A 79658 79677 TAAAGGTTGTAATCCATCCC 46 2283 875299 N/A N/A 81847 81866 ATATAATAACAATACACCGT 66 2284 875323 N/A N/A 83010 83029 CACAAAGTTTAACAGATGCG 47 2285 875347 N/A N/A 84815 84834 TGGTTCCTTACAATTATCTA 26 2286 875371 N/A N/A 86056 86075 TAAGATTGCAAAGCTAACTT 65 2287 875395 N/A N/A 88869 88888 CTGTCAGCATATTCCTTATG 62 2288 875419 N/A N/A 91453 91472 CCTTTGTAACACAGACACTA 43 2289 875443 N/A N/A 93030 93049 TCTATTTTTGGTCAAGACAG 74 2290 875467 N/A N/A 96143 96162 AAGACAACTCAATTTTTAAA 167 2291 875491 N/A N/A 98116 98135 TTAGAAAGTTCACTCTTTTA 87 2292 875515 N/A N/A 99926 99945 ACAAAAATCTTTAGTAGAGG 88 2293 875539 N/A N/A 102868 102887 AAAACGGGAGGAATCATTAT 113 2294 875563 N/A N/A 106187 106206 ATAGATTTTGAGACAAAGTC 103 2295 875587 N/A N/A 109530 109549 GGCCATGGCAGTGCTTGTGT 103 2296 875611 N/A N/A 111837 111856 AAGCACCAATGGCTGGACCA 89 2297 875635 N/A N/A 113885 113904 TATTCTAGCATGCAGTAATT 62 2298 875659 N/A N/A 116005 116024 CCTAAAGAGTGCTTGGTGTC 68 2299 875683 N/A N/A 119112 119131 TTAGAATGTGACTCTCCCAT 55 2300 875707 N/A N/A 121601 121620 ATCTAAAGAGGATAAATCTA 114 2301 875731 N/A N/A 125371 125390 AAGTATTTGAACATAATCCA 51 2302 875755 N/A N/A 128357 128376 AAAAAAAATTCCAGAAGTTT 81 2303 875779 N/A N/A 130588 130607 GCATTATGAAATCGCTTCTC 45 2304 875803 N/A N/A 132506 132525 CCATAATCTCATTCTCATAG 31 2305 875827 N/A N/A 134571 134590 AGAACATGCTTAAGCAGATT 59 2306 875851 N/A N/A 137089 137108 GGCACAAGGAAAATATTGTT 53 2307 875875 N/A N/A 139090 139109 GACCAAACCATCATAAAATG 64 2308 875899 N/A N/A 141630 141649 AAAAATTTATTTTTGAATAA 98 2309 875923 N/A N/A 143668 143687 GAGTGCCCCAGCCCTTTGGA 106 2310 875947 N/A N/A 145860 145879 GATATTTTTAAGGTCTCAGT 37 2311 875971 N/A N/A 147316 147335 TTACTTGGACCTCTGTTCAT 84 2312 875995 N/A N/A 148812 148831 TTGTACTGTAAAAAGAAAAG 104 2313

TABLE 32 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 15 32 937361 893 912 45747 45766 TTTGTTACTGTTTCGACCTC 56 2314 937371 2359 2378 91243 91262 GCTCTGTTCGATGCAGGACT 43 2315 937383 4394 4413 149145 149164 GTTCATGACTTTCAAGGGTT 10 2316 937394 4414 4433 149165 149184 CTTCTTTTGCTAGCTGATGT 32 2317 937418 N/A N/A 4092 4111 TTCCTTCTCCCTTTGAACAC 59 2318 937430 N/A N/A 4535 4554 TGGCTAAGTAGTGTTTGGGA 4 2319 937442 N/A N/A 4776 4795 AATCTAATTTTTAAGCCTAG 65 2320 937454 N/A N/A 6855 6874 CTTTCAGATGAAAAAGAAAG 99 2321 937466 N/A N/A 9235 9254 GGTAACAGTAACATCATAGA 13 2322 937478 N/A N/A 10346 10365 ATGATCTTGTGTATATATTA 9 2323 937490 N/A N/A 11385 11404 CGTAAGTACAGAACCACATA 34 2324 937502 N/A N/A 16613 16632 CTAATGTGTTTCACAATCTA 58 2325 937514 N/A N/A 17511 17530 TTCTGGACACCAAGGTGGGT 80 2326 937526 N/A N/A 19926 19945 CATTACGACCATTCTGCTCA 31 2327 937538 N/A N/A 21223 21242 GAATTCGAGGTTACACAGTT 45 2328 937550 N/A N/A 23395 23414 TTGTCTACAGTAGCATACAG 47 2329 937562 N/A N/A 27188 27207 CTCTGTCGCCTGGGATGGTA 89 2330 937574 N/A N/A 28086 28105 AAGCAAAGACTTTGAAATCT 38 2331 937586 N/A N/A 28814 28833 AGTGAGTTCCATACTCTAAT 73 2332 937598 N/A N/A 29042 29061 CAGTAATTAAGAATAAAATG 134 2333 937610 N/A N/A 32328 32347 ATATTCCATACAGATCGCAT 19 2334 937622 N/A N/A 32798 32817 CTTCTTGTTGTTGTTTACAT 22 2335 937634 N/A N/A 32811 32830 TTCCAATTTCAGACTTCTTG 15 2336 937646 N/A N/A 33812 33831 TGTTTGTCTGTCTTATTCAC 31 2337 937658 N/A N/A 36314 36333 GTGCTCTCTTTGCGCCTGTG 22 2338 937670 N/A N/A 36853 36872 TGAATCAGTATTTACTACTT 37 2339 937682 N/A N/A 38658 38677 AATGGGATAAATATATACAA 75 2340 937694 N/A N/A 41726 41745 AAGAGTTAATGATGCTTTCA 29 2341 937706 N/A N/A 45475 45494 AAGTAAAATAGCCTACTGGA 78 2342 937718 N/A N/A 48284 48303 AATACTTAAGTCACTTACAT 92 2343 937730 N/A N/A 49049 49068 AAAAATCCTCATATCTAAAT 98 2344 937742 N/A N/A 49167 49186 TGTTAGGAATTCTTTAGCTC 24 2345 937754 N/A N/A 50792 50811 TCCAAGTAACAGTGTAGAAG 4 2346 937766 N/A N/A 52956 52975 CAGTTGCCAATTCTGAGACA 73 2347 937778 N/A N/A 55537 55556 AGTAATTCTTCAGACTAAAT 103 2348 937790 N/A N/A 57468 57487 AGTTTCACTAGGTTCTCAAA 41 2349 937802 N/A N/A 58557 58576 TCTTTCTTTTAATCTCAATA 50 2350 937814 N/A N/A 60511 60530 TTTTGTTTAATCACAGTTTT 65 2351 937826 N/A N/A 63945 63964 AACAAACAGAGAGGAACTGC 68 2352 937838 N/A N/A 68930 68949 AGAATCCACAGATCCAGGTG 46 2353 937850 N/A N/A 69823 69842 ATGGGCCCCTTCAATATTTT 75 2354 937862 N/A N/A 73009 73028 GAAAACACAGAAGTGTGATT 100 2355 937874 N/A N/A 74344 74363 CAGTACTGTAAGTTGCCACT 78 2356 937886 N/A N/A 81784 81803 ATTTCCTTTAAATACCTAGT 55 2357 937898 N/A N/A 82355 82374 ACTATCAACTGCCACTGCTG 77 2358 937910 N/A N/A 82849 82868 TGGCTCCAATATCGGCAATG 43 2359 937922 N/A N/A 82961 82980 ATGGCTGATTCCATCAATCT 76 2360 937934 N/A N/A 83785 83804 ACATAGGTTAGAATTTTCCA 10 2361 937946 N/A N/A 83992 84011 GTTTCTTTTACTTAAGTTGC 21 2362 937958 N/A N/A 84403 84422 CATATATTTCTCAGCCCCCT 54 2363 937970 N/A N/A 84703 84722 TAGAGTTTGTGACTCCTGTG 83 2364 937982 N/A N/A 84773 84792 TGAACCCAGAACTCAGTTTG 74 2365 937994 N/A N/A 84921 84940 TAAATCACAATAATTCCTAC 100 2366 938006 N/A N/A 85155 85174 TTGATTTGTGATAAGTTTTA 45 2367 938018 N/A N/A 85199 85218 CAAAAATGATTTCTTGTACA 74 2368 938030 N/A N/A 95476 95495 TTAACGGTTGCTTAGGGTTG 24 2369 938042 N/A N/A 97620 97639 AGACTTTTTATGTTGCTCCT 15 2370 938054 N/A N/A 98577 98596 AGCAATTCTTACACAAATAA 67 2371 938066 N/A N/A 100145 100164 TCAGTATAGGCAAACCAATT 82 2372 938078 N/A N/A 107363 107382 AAGTTAAAAAGCGGGCAGAT 64 2373 938090 N/A N/A 111222 111241 CTGGGCCTAGTCAGCTTGGA 92 2374 938102 N/A N/A 118404 118423 ACCCAAAAAAACACATTGAG 83 2375 938114 N/A N/A 119032 119051 CAAAAAGTTCCCATTGCATT 50 2376 938126 N/A N/A 123992 124011 CAATATTCTGAGAAAGGACT 53 2377 938138 N/A N/A 125932 125951 TAATTATAGAGTTCATATGG 54 2378 938150 N/A N/A 129788 129807 TTACTTATTACCTTCCTGTA 61 2379 938162 N/A N/A 130897 130916 AAAAAAGCAGACTGCCTATT 107 2380 938174 N/A N/A 132166 132185 TTTTTGCTTATTATTCTCAC 11 2381 938186 N/A N/A 132523 132542 CATGTAGTTACATGTAACCA 40 2382 938198 N/A N/A 133814 133833 GGCTGTTTCAAAACCAATGA 42 2383 938210 N/A N/A 135083 135102 GGTCAAGGTCAATACTTTTT 7 2384 938222 N/A N/A 137933 137952 GCTGTCCAAGATAATGACCT 82 2385 938234 N/A N/A 139269 139288 TTAATTTGTAACTAGGTTTT 73 2386 938246 N/A N/A 141230 141249 CCCCTACTGTTAAACCATTA 112 2387 938258 N/A N/A 144253 144272 ATGTCTGACAACCTCCATCG 92 2388 938270 N/A N/A 146666 146685 CAGAACCTAAACTTTGCAGG 57 2389

TABLE 33 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 18 32 937362 894 913 45748 45767 CTTTGTTACTGTTTCGACCT 36 2390 937372 2455 2474 91725 91744 GTTTCATTGGGTTTAATATT 21 2391 937384 4395 4414 149146 149165 TGTTCATGACTTTCAAGGGT 18 2392 937395 4415 4434 149166 149185 ACTTCTTTTGCTAGCTGATG 21 2393 937407 N/A N/A 3132 3151 GGGAGGCCGCCCGCTCCCTC 108 2394 937419 N/A N/A 4093 4112 TTTCCTTCTCCCTTTGAACA 50 2395 937431 N/A N/A 4652 4671 ACATCCTTTTCTATAAAAGT 53 2396 937443 N/A N/A 4898 4917 GAAAAATCTAAATTAACCTT 97 2397 937455 N/A N/A 6965 6984 GGAATGTAGAAGAAGAAGAG 72 2398 937467 N/A N/A 9927 9946 GAGTTTTTGCCTTCCATTTT 12 2399 937479 N/A N/A 10347 10366 CATGATCTTGTGTATATATT 13 2400 937491 N/A N/A 12994 13013 ACAGCTGTGACAAGTTTTCA 63 2401 937503 N/A N/A 16634 16653 AAAAATGCTTGTCATAATCC 44 2402 937515 N/A N/A 18265 18284 AAGTGCCAACCATTCAAGAA 31 2403 937527 N/A N/A 19927 19946 TCATTACGACCATTCTGCTC 70 2404 937539 N/A N/A 21520 21539 TGACCAATGCTCCTCTCTGC 53 2405 937551 N/A N/A 24044 24063 AACCAGTAAGTTAAGGTAAA 65 2406 937563 N/A N/A 27762 27781 CCAGAAAAAATGGCCACTAC 58 2407 937575 N/A N/A 28087 28106 AAAGCAAAGACTTTGAAATC 90 2408 937587 N/A N/A 28884 28903 TGTTCAGTGTCCTTCTAGCC 41 2409 937599 N/A N/A 30084 30103 CAGTGAGGAAGGAGACCATC 51 2410 937611 N/A N/A 32330 32349 TAATATTCCATACAGATCGC 12 2411 937623 N/A N/A 32799 32818 ACTTCTTGTTGTTGTTTACA 24 2412 937635 N/A N/A 32812 32831 CTTCCAATTTCAGACTTCTT 20 2413 937647 N/A N/A 33813 33832 ATGTTTGTCTGTCTTATTCA 22 2414 937659 N/A N/A 36315 36334 TGTGCTCTCTTTGCGCCTGT 27 2415 937671 N/A N/A 36854 36873 ATGAATCAGTATTTACTACT 42 2416 937683 N/A N/A 38876 38895 GCATCACTACTTGGTAACAC 15 2417 937695 N/A N/A 42730 42749 TTTACCATTCTGTCTACTTT 70 2418 937707 N/A N/A 45616 45635 AGAGCTCACCTAATATTAAG 105 2419 937719 N/A N/A 48304 48323 CTTCAGATACCGAATTACAT 61 2420 937731 N/A N/A 49069 49088 TATTATCCATTCCATCATTT 55 2421 937743 N/A N/A 49174 49193 TAAAATTTGTTAGGAATTCT 87 2422 937755 N/A N/A 50918 50937 AGAACACTGTGCTTTCATCA 38 2423 937767 N/A N/A 52985 53004 CAAATGATAACAGCAGAGAC 100 2424 937779 N/A N/A 55654 55673 AGAAGATAAATTTGTAGATA 82 2425 937791 N/A N/A 57469 57488 CAGTTTCACTAGGTTCTCAA 14 2426 937803 N/A N/A 58599 58618 ATTCTGTTTAGCTTTCCATT 37 2427 937815 N/A N/A 61017 61036 TTTCTACTTTTCCCAGTTTG 63 2428 937827 N/A N/A 64531 64550 CAGGATTATGTATAAATCAA 41 2429 937839 N/A N/A 68933 68952 TTGAGAATCCACAGATCCAG 78 2430 937851 N/A N/A 69849 69868 GGGATTCTTAGCCTTTTTCT 73 2431 937863 N/A N/A 73122 73141 AATGCTACATTTTAATCTTA 71 2432 937875 N/A N/A 74437 74456 CCCATAGGGTACCACCTACT 95 2433 937887 N/A N/A 81832 81851 ACCGTCTCACACAGACCTTG 66 2434 937899 N/A N/A 82395 82414 TTAGCATGACATGCCAAGTC 58 2435 937911 N/A N/A 82850 82869 ATGGCTCCAATATCGGCAAT 39 2436 937923 N/A N/A 82991 83010 GTGCTCATTCTCATCCCACT 29 2437 937935 N/A N/A 83786 83805 CACATAGGTTAGAATTTTCC 24 2438 937947 N/A N/A 84055 84074 ACAAGATATATTCAACCTAG 35 2439 937959 N/A N/A 84404 84423 TCATATATTTCTCAGCCCCC 51 2440 937971 N/A N/A 84743 84762 AAGCAAGTCCCATTTAAGTA 26 2441 937983 N/A N/A 84800 84819 ATCTATGATTTTCATCAGGT 6 2442 937995 N/A N/A 84951 84970 ATATAACATACACTAGATAA 99 2443 938007 N/A N/A 85169 85188 TTGAGGACAGTCATTTGATT 57 2444 938019 N/A N/A 85287 85306 CACCTGACAGAACAAATGAT 103 2445 938031 N/A N/A 95719 95738 AGAACACCACAAATAGCTAC 67 2446 938043 N/A N/A 97622 97641 TAAGACTTTTTATGTTGCTC 6 2447 938055 N/A N/A 98657 98676 ATGTATAGAGGCCAACATTC 85 2448 938067 N/A N/A 100218 100237 AACAAGCTAAAGAGAAACCT 114 2449 938079 N/A N/A 108591 108610 GTCTCTCAATAGCAGAAATG 89 2450 938091 N/A N/A 111368 111387 TGGGCAGTCTATACGGAATT 52 2451 938103 N/A N/A 118784 118803 CGAAAATTAAGAGTTTTAGT 83 2452 938115 N/A N/A 119033 119052 ACAAAAAGTTCCCATTGCAT 56 2453 938127 N/A N/A 124091 124110 AAGCATGAACCTTAAGAGAA 58 2454 938139 N/A N/A 126290 126309 AAAAGTTACCACAATATGAA 86 2455 938151 N/A N/A 129789 129808 GTTACTTATTACCTTCCTGT 14 2456 938163 N/A N/A 131674 131693 GTTCATCTTTTCCTTCAGAT 10 2457 938175 N/A N/A 132167 132186 TTTTTTGCTTATTATTCTCA 19 2458 938187 N/A N/A 132524 132543 CCATGTAGTTACATGTAACC 48 2459 938199 N/A N/A 133894 133913 CCCACTGCTCTTCAAATGGA 68 2460 938211 N/A N/A 136171 136190 AGAGTAGATGTGAGGCTGGG 105 2461 938223 N/A N/A 137934 137953 TGCTGTCCAAGATAATGACC 85 2462 938235 N/A N/A 139270 139289 TTTAATTTGTAACTAGGTTT 42 2463 938247 N/A N/A 141590 141609 AAGTAGCTAATACGGTGGAC 30 2464 938259 N/A N/A 144271 144290 GGAGCATGTACACAACCGAT 108 2465 938271 N/A N/A 146726 146745 GACCAAACCGGCTTCCCTCC 94 2466

TABLE 34 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 21 32 937363 1075 1094 49249 49268 TTCTCATGTGCGGCATCAAG 35 2467 937373 2456 2475 91726 91745 TGTTTCATTGGGTTTAATAT 33 2468 937385 4396 4415 149147 149166 GTGTTCATGACTTTCAAGGG 11 2469 937396 4416 4435 149167 149186 TACTTCTTTTGCTAGCTGAT 23 2470 937408 N/A N/A 3161 3180 CGAGAACCCCTCCCAACACG 128 2471 937420 N/A N/A 4094 4113 GTTTCCTTCTCCCTTTGAAC 14 2472 937432 N/A N/A 4744 4763 CTTAATAACCTTAGTTTTAA 102 2473 937444 N/A N/A 5108 5127 TAAGTGAGGAGATTCTAGAA 56 2474 937456 N/A N/A 7006 7025 GTAACAATTGTAAATCCATA 10 2475 937468 N/A N/A 9928 9947 AGAGTTTTTGCCTTCCATTT 9 2476 937480 N/A N/A 10348 10367 GCATGATCTTGTGTATATAT 8 2477 937492 N/A N/A 13405 13424 TCACTTGACACAACTTCAGG 58 2478 937504 N/A N/A 17153 17172 ATTACAATGCGGTATATATA 32 2479 937516 N/A N/A 18278 18297 TGACCAAGCAGTTAAGTGCC 45 2480 937528 N/A N/A 19929 19948 CATCATTACGACCATTCTGC 42 2481 937540 N/A N/A 22556 22575 ACAGTTTAGCAATTACTTTT 23 2482 937552 N/A N/A 24447 24466 GCAAATATTTCCAAACAAGT 13 2483 937564 N/A N/A 28019 28038 AAAGGCAATTTCCTTAATTT 47 2484 937576 N/A N/A 28162 28181 GCTCCCAGCCTTCTTCACTG 76 2485 937588 N/A N/A 28885 28904 TTGTTCAGTGTCCTTCTAGC 24 2486 937600 N/A N/A 30151 30170 CTCGAATGGCAGAACAATGA 57 2487 937612 N/A N/A 32331 32350 GTAATATTCCATACAGATCG 33 2488 937624 N/A N/A 32800 32819 GACTTCTTGTTGTTGTTTAC 21 2489 937636 N/A N/A 32813 32832 TCTTCCAATTTCAGACTTCT 24 2490 937648 N/A N/A 33814 33833 TATGTTTGTCTGTCTTATTC 32 2491 937660 N/A N/A 36316 36335 ATGTGCTCTCTTTGCGCCTG 41 2492 937672 N/A N/A 36855 36874 CATGAATCAGTATTTACTAC 35 2493 937684 N/A N/A 41272 41291 GGGACTAGAGCATCCATAAA 52 2494 937696 N/A N/A 43208 43227 TGCTTTTAATAGTTGCCAAA 43 2495 937708 N/A N/A 47531 47550 TACCCCCAAGGCAGTTTATC 109 2496 937720 N/A N/A 48512 48531 GAACTCTTGAAATTCTTCAG 37 2497 937732 N/A N/A 49142 49161 GGTACCAGTTCTTATATGCC 67 2498 937744 N/A N/A 49194 49213 TACTCCAAACCTTTACAAAA 94 2499 937756 N/A N/A 50938 50957 ATTTGAGAAGATTCAAAAAC 84 2500 937768 N/A N/A 53154 53173 CTTAATAATTTGACAGACTA 64 2501 937780 N/A N/A 55995 56014 ACTAAAACCAGAGGAAAAAT 89 2502 937792 N/A N/A 57472 57491 ACACAGTTTCACTAGGTTCT 11 2503 937804 N/A N/A 58742 58761 AGTTATTGTTCTGACTTTGG 14 2504 937816 N/A N/A 61164 61183 GCAAGCTGATAGACAATCAT 71 2505 937828 N/A N/A 65549 65568 TAAACAACAGTGGCCACTGA 92 2506 937840 N/A N/A 69102 69121 GTTCTATAGGTGCTTAAGTC 38 2507 937852 N/A N/A 69978 69997 CACAGTTAAGGGTGCAGGAT 45 2508 937864 N/A N/A 73447 73466 AAATTAAAGCTCGAAGCAGC 92 2509 937876 N/A N/A 74496 74515 GGGCAATGATGGCACTAGGA 51 2510 937888 N/A N/A 81875 81894 TACCTAAGCTATATTAAAGG 96 2511 937900 N/A N/A 82425 82444 TCACCCCATCTCCTTCCAAC 86 2512 937912 N/A N/A 82851 82870 CATGGCTCCAATATCGGCAA 35 2513 937924 N/A N/A 83053 83072 TCTAACCTCTGGACTGTCCC 68 2514 937936 N/A N/A 83787 83806 GCACATAGGTTAGAATTTTC 4 2515 937948 N/A N/A 84087 84106 TATCCCTGATTTATGGAAAA 79 2516 937960 N/A N/A 84405 84424 ATCATATATTTCTCAGCCCC 39 2517 937972 N/A N/A 84753 84772 GAATCTTATTAAGCAAGTCC 8 2518 937984 N/A N/A 84810 84829 CCTTACAATTATCTATGATT 48 2519 937996 N/A N/A 85039 85058 CTATACACACTATTGAAGAA 58 2520 938008 N/A N/A 85179 85198 TTTTAACCCTTTGAGGACAG 51 2521 938020 N/A N/A 85288 85307 ACACCTGACAGAACAAATGA 91 2522 938032 N/A N/A 95819 95838 CAACTCCTAGGTAGGTACAC 41 2523 938044 N/A N/A 97623 97642 ATAAGACTTTTTATGTTGCT 18 2524 938056 N/A N/A 98775 98794 AAACACTTTATAGGCAATAT 56 2525 938068 N/A N/A 101519 101538 AATCAGTTTATTGAAGGAAT 88 2526 938080 N/A N/A 108675 108694 GAGACTGCAATAATTATTAG 85 2527 938092 N/A N/A 112470 112489 GTTTCTCAGTAAAGTGTCAG 86 2528 938104 N/A N/A 118926 118945 ACCCACTTTCTTCTCAGAAT 87 2529 938116 N/A N/A 119657 119676 CAAAAGCATTACTCATTGCC 61 2530 938128 N/A N/A 124624 124643 ATACAATACAGTCAACTGAA 112 2531 938140 N/A N/A 127721 127740 AAAAACTAAGGGAAAAACTG 85 2532 938152 N/A N/A 129791 129810 TTGTTACTTATTACCTTCCT 27 2533 938164 N/A N/A 131723 131742 GTAGAAACTATTTGCCAAAA 44 2534 938176 N/A N/A 132216 132235 AAGTTGATCTACACAAATTT 69 2535 938188 N/A N/A 132525 132544 CCCATGTAGTTACATGTAAC 46 2536 938200 N/A N/A 133952 133971 GTTTTGTTTGCAACATTTCC 50 2537 938212 N/A N/A 136441 136460 TATTTGAGTGTATTTAAATA 91 2538 938224 N/A N/A 138034 138053 TACCTTAAAAGTTCATTTCC 64 2539 938236 N/A N/A 139272 139291 TGTTTAATTTGTAACTAGGT 20 2540 938248 N/A N/A 142489 142508 TCTGAATGTTTTTAAGAGTA 37 2541 938260 N/A N/A 145644 145663 GAAAGTTGGCTAAAGCTGGT 84 2542 938272 N/A N/A 146738 146757 CTGGCCCACACGGACCAAAC 100 2543

TABLE 35 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708151 1084 1103 49258 49277 TCTGTACTTTTCTCATGTGC 50 2544 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 32 32 937375 2467 2486 91737 91756 AAGCTAGGTGATGTTTCATT 55 2545 937387 4399 4418 149150 149169 GATGTGTTCATGACTTTCAA 36 2546 937398 4419 4438 149170 149189 TGTTACTTCTTTTGCTAGCT 49 2547 937410 N/A N/A 3453 3472 CGATCTTTCCCAGGACTCGG 87 2548 937422 N/A N/A 4526 4545 AGTGTTTGGGATGCTTCAGA 6 2549 937434 N/A N/A 4746 4765 AACTTAATAACCTTAGTTTT 86 2550 937446 N/A N/A 5301 5320 CACTTCTGAAAGTCATGAAA 53 2551 937458 N/A N/A 7351 7370 AATTTAAATGGAAGCATGAT 82 2552 937470 N/A N/A 9930 9949 TTAGAGTTTTTGCCTTCCAT 5 2553 937482 N/A N/A 10351 10370 ACAGCATGATCTTGTGTATA 30 2554 937494 N/A N/A 13774 13793 GTTAGCTATTAATCATGGCA 20 2555 937506 N/A N/A 17155 17174 GAATTACAATGCGGTATATA 22 2556 937518 N/A N/A 18682 18701 CCAGTATCTCAGTTTTTTTT 35 2557 937530 N/A N/A 19932 19951 GCGCATCATTACGACCATTC 50 2558 937542 N/A N/A 23248 23267 ATTTTTACTCACCTTTTCTA 80 2559 937554 N/A N/A 24984 25003 ATAAACACAGGGTAGGCCAG 96 2560 937566 N/A N/A 28077 28096 CTTTGAAATCTCACAAGGTT 60 2561 937578 N/A N/A 28492 28511 GGATTGTTTTCTTCATTATT 16 2562 937590 N/A N/A 28887 28906 TCTTGTTCAGTGTCCTTCTA 21 2563 937602 N/A N/A 30535 30554 AAATAACTTGCCTTACATCA 62 2564 937614 N/A N/A 32333 32352 AAGTAATATTCCATACAGAT 34 2565 937626 N/A N/A 32802 32821 CAGACTTCTTGTTGTTGTTT 28 2566 937638 N/A N/A 32815 32834 GTTCTTCCAATTTCAGACTT 34 2567 937650 N/A N/A 35590 35609 AAATGTTTTCATAACTGCTA 54 2568 937662 N/A N/A 36318 36337 ACATGTGCTCTCTTTGCGCC 76 2569 937674 N/A N/A 37450 37469 AACAACCAAGCTTGGCAAAA 67 2570 937686 N/A N/A 41274 41293 GAGGGACTAGAGCATCCATA 53 2571 937698 N/A N/A 43423 43442 CCACTGAAGTCTAAATTCTT 82 2572 937710 N/A N/A 47568 47587 TTTATCCACATTTTAACTTC 74 2573 937722 N/A N/A 48559 48578 TTCACTAACAAAACAATAAA 97 2574 937734 N/A N/A 49148 49167 CATCAAGGTACCAGTTCTTA 22 2575 937746 N/A N/A 49874 49893 ATTTTTCTCTAAAGTTCTAA 76 2576 937758 N/A N/A 51327 51346 AGGAATGGACTATCACAAAC 40 2577 937770 N/A N/A 54510 54529 TTCCCCAGCAGCCGAGTGTG 83 2578 937782 N/A N/A 56810 56829 TAATGGCTAGAAGAATTCAG 83 2579 937794 N/A N/A 57474 57493 GTACACAGTTTCACTAGGTT 4 2580 937806 N/A N/A 58825 58844 CACACAGTATTTTTTTATCG 72 2581 937818 N/A N/A 61266 61285 CTACTTGTTTTACTTAAACC 86 2582 937830 N/A N/A 67096 67115 TCCAGAAAAGTTTAATGCAT 94 2583 937842 N/A N/A 69104 69123 GAGTTCTATAGGTGCTTAAG 30 2584 937854 N/A N/A 71512 71531 CTATATAAAGTATCAGTATA 153 2585 937866 N/A N/A 73688 73707 AACCTACCTTAAGATCCTGA 86 2586 937878 N/A N/A 74727 74746 AAGTTCAGGCCCTACAGTAT 87 2587 937890 N/A N/A 81996 82015 GGATTGCTCACCGTGATATA 30 2588 937902 N/A N/A 82458 82477 GTCTCAGCCAGTCCTCAATG 39 2589 937914 N/A N/A 82854 82873 TTTCATGGCTCCAATATCGG 39 2590 937926 N/A N/A 83415 83434 TGGTCAAAATACTTGCCTCC 95 2591 937938 N/A N/A 83790 83809 GTTGCACATAGGTTAGAATT 12 2592 937950 N/A N/A 84162 84181 CACTCTTTTCCCACAAAGTT 57 2593 937962 N/A N/A 84408 84427 AGTATCATATATTTCTCAGC 20 2594 937974 N/A N/A 84755 84774 TGGAATCTTATTAAGCAAGT 28 2595 937986 N/A N/A 84812 84831 TTCCTTACAATTATCTATGA 56 2596 937998 N/A N/A 85050 85069 TTAATTAGGATCTATACACA 75 2597 938010 N/A N/A 85181 85200 CATTTTAACCCTTTGAGGAC 83 2598 938022 N/A N/A 92150 92169 AGTAATGCTTATTTTCTAAA 40 2599 938034 N/A N/A 96348 96367 AAACAGTATTTTCTTAGATA 104 2600 938046 N/A N/A 97625 97644 AGATAAGACTTTTTATGTTG 58 2601 938058 N/A N/A 99151 99170 TTAACTCATGGCAACCACCG 86 2602 938070 N/A N/A 104058 104077 TACATCTTAACAGAATAAAA 95 2603 938082 N/A N/A 109341 109360 CCCTCTAATGCATGTATGGC 76 2604 938094 N/A N/A 112723 112742 ACTATAAACTAACAATAACA 88 2605 938106 N/A N/A 119023 119042 CCCATTGCATTGTTTTAAGT 30 2606 938118 N/A N/A 120014 120033 TGAAAATCTAAGGCCACATG 87 2607 938130 N/A N/A 124891 124910 AGTATATGATGACCTCAATG 36 2608 938142 N/A N/A 127923 127942 ACTCCTCACTGAAAGTACAC 76 2609 938154 N/A N/A 129793 129812 CTTTGTTACTTATTACCTTC 40 2610 938166 N/A N/A 132157 132176 ATTATTCTCACATATAAATA 118 2611 938178 N/A N/A 132322 132341 TTTGAAGCAATCCATTAATT 67 2612 938190 N/A N/A 132527 132546 TGCCCATGTAGTTACATGTA 64 2613 938202 N/A N/A 134160 134179 AAGGGAATCTTGATTAACTA 48 2614 938214 N/A N/A 136587 136606 CACACAATTTTGCAAAAACA 77 2615 938226 N/A N/A 138442 138461 TGACAATATTAATGGCACAA 23 2616 938238 N/A N/A 139274 139293 TGTGTTTAATTTGTAACTAG 21 2617 938250 N/A N/A 142909 142928 AGCACAGCTTTGGGAAGAGG 44 2618 938262 N/A N/A 145801 145820 TCCCATGACAAAACCACACA 81 2619 938274 N/A N/A 146800 146819 CCAGCCTCTGGTAGACACCT 68 2620

TABLE 36 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 20 32 937366 1563 1582 81723 81742 CTGCTGTGTATTTTTCTTCC 21 2621 937378 3492 3511 136965 136984 TTGTCTCCTTGTTGTATGGT 14 2622 937390 4403 4422 149154 149173 AGCTGATGTGTTCATGACTT 29 2623 937413 N/A N/A 3946 3965 ACTACAACCCCGGCTTAGGA 65 2624 937425 N/A N/A 4529 4548 AGTAGTGTTTGGGATGCTTC 14 2625 937437 N/A N/A 4750 4769 ATGCAACTTAATAACCTTAG 12 2626 937449 N/A N/A 6321 6340 CCCAACAATAGAATGGTTAA 87 2627 937461 N/A N/A 7550 7569 TAGGCTGGTAATTTAATGTC 40 2628 937473 N/A N/A 9934 9953 AAGCTTAGAGTTTTTGCCTT 38 2629 937485 N/A N/A 10354 10373 TACACAGCATGATCTTGTGT 85 2630 937497 N/A N/A 14749 14768 TACTTGCTGCCAATATGTAC 83 2631 937509 N/A N/A 17159 17178 TTTTGAATTACAATGCGGTA 14 2632 937521 N/A N/A 18685 18704 CGGCCAGTATCTCAGTTTTT 90 2633 937533 N/A N/A 19935 19954 TGTGCGCATCATTACGACCA 79 2634 937545 N/A N/A 23252 23271 CTGTATTTTTACTCACCTTT 32 2635 937557 N/A N/A 26110 26129 AGTAAACATCAGCATCTCAA 30 2636 937569 N/A N/A 28080 28099 AGACTTTGAAATCTCACAAG 45 2637 937581 N/A N/A 28496 28515 CACCGGATTGTTTTCTTCAT 33 2638 937593 N/A N/A 28891 28910 GAAGTCTTGTTCAGTGTCCT 8 2639 937605 N/A N/A 31491 31510 TTCATATCACCTCTGACTTA 76 2640 937617 N/A N/A 32745 32764 TGAATATTTTCTCCCTAAAA 72 2641 937629 N/A N/A 32806 32825 ATTTCAGACTTCTTGTTGTT 44 2642 937641 N/A N/A 32819 32838 TTTTGTTCTTCCAATTTCAG 40 2643 937653 N/A N/A 36308 36327 TCTTTGCGCCTGTGTCACAT 31 2644 937665 N/A N/A 36847 36866 AGTATTTACTACTTCTGCAT 34 2645 937677 N/A N/A 37662 37681 TGAAAATCAGAAAATGATGC 80 2646 937689 N/A N/A 41279 41298 TTTATGAGGGACTAGAGCAT 68 2647 937701 N/A N/A 44118 44137 AAGTACTTCACATGCAACAT 48 2648 937713 N/A N/A 47686 47705 CAGAGGACCAACTGTACTTT 49 2649 937725 N/A N/A 48823 48842 GTGGCTTTAAAAACTAGGTA 13 2650 937737 N/A N/A 49151 49170 GCTCATCAAGGTACCAGTTC 15 2651 937749 N/A N/A 50060 50079 TCTTCCTTAGCCTTATACTT 71 2652 937761 N/A N/A 51975 51994 AGAGACCTGATGTCCTAAAC 53 2653 937773 N/A N/A 55203 55222 ATAGCTATGCTACAATAAAA 97 2654 937785 N/A N/A 57319 57338 ATTCTTTCCATAAAATAATG 96 2655 937797 N/A N/A 58028 58047 ACAATTATTTGCATCGCTGA 61 2656 937809 N/A N/A 60472 60491 TTATTTATCAGTGTGAAGTA 67 2657 937821 N/A N/A 61630 61649 CCCTGGCAAATATGTAAAAC 88 2658 937833 N/A N/A 67676 67695 TTTAATCATTGTCTATGGTA 83 2659 937845 N/A N/A 69108 69127 AACTGAGTTCTATAGGTGCT 42 2660 937857 N/A N/A 71901 71920 ATAATGCCTCTGAAAAATCA 107 2661 937869 N/A N/A 73968 73987 GAGCAGCAGGACTCAGCTGG 95 2662 937881 N/A N/A 75978 75997 TTAAGCCACACGAAGCATTT 72 2663 937893 N/A N/A 82143 82162 ACTCTACAGGTTATGCTAGC 66 2664 937905 N/A N/A 82586 82605 TCCTCTCTCTCTTACCAGTA 50 2665 937917 N/A N/A 82857 82876 GTTTTTCATGGCTCCAATAT 38 2666 937929 N/A N/A 83495 83514 CACATTCATATCAGTTATGT 25 2667 937941 N/A N/A 83793 83812 AGTGTTGCACATAGGTTAGA 17 2668 937953 N/A N/A 84288 84307 ACTCAAGAGTGTCCATTTGG 41 2669 937965 N/A N/A 84412 84431 CTTAAGTATCATATATTTCT 78 2670 937977 N/A N/A 84759 84778 AGTTTGGAATCTTATTAAGC 37 2671 937989 N/A N/A 84817 84836 GCTGGTTCCTTACAATTATC 10 2672 938001 N/A N/A 85053 85072 GGGTTAATTAGGATCTATAC 23 2673 938013 N/A N/A 85185 85204 TGTACATTTTAACCCTTTGA 61 2674 938025 N/A N/A 92639 92658 ATTGGTTGGTCTCAAAATCT 34 2675 938037 N/A N/A 97581 97600 CATTAATGAAGGTTTACAGA 58 2676 938049 N/A N/A 98156 98175 AAACATAAGAGAATAACATT 94 2677 938061 N/A N/A 99778 99797 GCATTTCTTACTATGGGTTG 28 2678 938073 N/A N/A 105409 105428 ATAACACTAGAGGCCGGGCA 85 2679 938085 N/A N/A 109978 109997 AGGGAAATACCTAGTCCTAG 71 2680 938097 N/A N/A 117276 117295 TATCAGGCATGGAGCCACTG 71 2681 938109 N/A N/A 119026 119045 GTTCCCATTGCATTGTTTTA 28 2682 938121 N/A N/A 122563 122582 CCAATTCTAGGTATTTAACT 56 2683 938133 N/A N/A 125211 125230 AGTAATGCACCAGTACAATA 36 2684 938145 N/A N/A 129289 129308 CCAATACCTCAAAGGATTGG 132 2685 938157 N/A N/A 130202 130221 TTCCTCACACATTTCTTACA 75 2686 938169 N/A N/A 132160 132179 CTTATTATTCTCACATATAA 61 2687 938181 N/A N/A 132517 132536 GTTACATGTAACCATAATCT 51 2688 938193 N/A N/A 133242 133261 TTGAAAGTGATAATGTGGAA 40 2689 938205 N/A N/A 134816 134835 ATGATGTAGCTTAAAAAGAA 86 2690 938217 N/A N/A 137025 137044 ACTGTACAATTAAAAATTAG 93 2691 938229 N/A N/A 138943 138962 ATTAAGGACCTTAGCTACTT 93 2692 938241 N/A N/A 139366 139385 ATCAGTCAAAAATCCTTAAT 60 2693 938253 N/A N/A 143542 143561 AACCTTGGTACAAAAACCAT 77 2694 938265 N/A N/A 146161 146180 CAATGTCCAAGGCCAAGCCC 99 2695 938277 N/A N/A 147075 147094 AAAGGTGATTTTAGTCAGCC 43 2696

TABLE 37 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 20 32 760800 4404 4423 149155 149174 TAGCTGATGTGTTCATGACT 36 2697 937367 1564 1583 81724 81743 ACTGCTGTGTATTTTTCTTC 32 2698 937379 3941 3960 147856 147875 CATTGGCGCATGGGCAGTTG 62 2699 937414 N/A N/A 4008 4027 TGCACAAACACACCCTCGAG 85 2700 937426 N/A N/A 4531 4550 TAAGTAGTGTTTGGGATGCT 18 2701 937438 N/A N/A 4751 4770 AATGCAACTTAATAACCTTA 30 2702 937450 N/A N/A 6450 6469 CTGAAGCCCTCTGAACTAGT 63 2703 937462 N/A N/A 8171 8190 CATTGCTAATTAGAGTAACA 45 2704 937474 N/A N/A 9935 9954 AAAGCTTAGAGTTTTTGCCT 16 2705 937486 N/A N/A 10355 10374 ATACACAGCATGATCTTGTG 62 2706 937498 N/A N/A 14825 14844 GTCTTTCAACTTTCTATCAC 45 2707 937510 N/A N/A 17160 17179 ATTTTGAATTACAATGCGGT 13 2708 937522 N/A N/A 19099 19118 AATAAGCCATGATCACAATA 68 2709 937534 N/A N/A 19980 19999 GGCCTATGCCTTTACCGCCA 51 2710 937546 N/A N/A 23254 23273 CGCTGTATTTTTACTCACCT 14 2711 937558 N/A N/A 26524 26543 TCAGAAAGCTTCTCAAACAT 52 2712 937570 N/A N/A 28081 28100 AAGACTTTGAAATCTCACAA 27 2713 937582 N/A N/A 28497 28516 TCACCGGATTGTTTTCTTCA 24 2714 937594 N/A N/A 28892 28911 TGAAGTCTTGTTCAGTGTCC 23 2715 937606 N/A N/A 32324 32343 TCCATACAGATCGCATAGCT 33 2716 937618 N/A N/A 32792 32811 GTTGTTGTTTACATTATTAT 9 2717 937630 N/A N/A 32807 32826 AATTTCAGACTTCTTGTTGT 42 2718 937642 N/A N/A 32820 32839 ATTTTGTTCTTCCAATTTCA 46 2719 937654 N/A N/A 36309 36328 CTCTTTGCGCCTGTGTCACA 31 2720 937666 N/A N/A 36848 36867 CAGTATTTACTACTTCTGCA 15 2721 937678 N/A N/A 37789 37808 TTCGATTATCTCAATCAAAT 63 2722 937690 N/A N/A 41280 41299 TTTTATGAGGGACTAGAGCA 52 2723 937702 N/A N/A 44143 44162 TTACTACAAAACCAGACACC 91 2724 937714 N/A N/A 47706 47725 GAATATGGAACCCACAGATG 71 2725 937726 N/A N/A 48843 48862 GAGAAGTAAAATCATTCAAA 56 2726 937738 N/A N/A 49153 49172 TAGCTCATCAAGGTACCAGT 8 2727 937750 N/A N/A 50130 50149 GTATGTTCTACTTCTTCACC 27 2728 937762 N/A N/A 52329 52348 GAAAACCATGCGGCCTGGCC 87 2729 937774 N/A N/A 55204 55223 CATAGCTATGCTACAATAAA 77 2730 937786 N/A N/A 57389 57408 GGAACACATCCCAGAGCTCT 45 2731 937798 N/A N/A 58348 58367 AAGACCAAAAAGACAACCAT 122 2732 937810 N/A N/A 60507 60526 GTTTAATCACAGTTTTCTCA 24 2733 937822 N/A N/A 62506 62525 GGAGGAAAAGCTAGCTACCT 99 2734 937834 N/A N/A 68516 68535 AAAGCAGGATGCTACAACGC 104 2735 937846 N/A N/A 69109 69128 TAACTGAGTTCTATAGGTGC 48 2736 937858 N/A N/A 71938 71957 TCAGCTTCTCAATCTTTCCT 45 2737 937870 N/A N/A 74037 74056 CTCCACCAGCAGCACTACTC 91 2738 937882 N/A N/A 76079 76098 TACGGAATATATAGTATTCA 115 2739 937894 N/A N/A 82205 82224 TAAGTGTCAAAGACCCTATT 111 2740 937906 N/A N/A 82655 82674 ACAAGCCCACATATGCAATT 55 2741 937918 N/A N/A 82867 82886 CTGTTCTTTGGTTTTTCATG 16 2742 937930 N/A N/A 83743 83762 TTATTATCCAGTGTTTTTAA 39 2743 937942 N/A N/A 83794 83813 CAGTGTTGCACATAGGTTAG 14 2744 937954 N/A N/A 84317 84336 TTTCACCCCCAATATTAAGT 33 2745 937966 N/A N/A 84439 84458 GGTCTCCTCTCCATAGGGTT 69 2746 937978 N/A N/A 84760 84779 CAGTTTGGAATCTTATTAAG 38 2747 937990 N/A N/A 84818 84837 TGCTGGTTCCTTACAATTAT 23 2748 938002 N/A N/A 85055 85074 AAGGGTTAATTAGGATCTAT 23 2749 938014 N/A N/A 85186 85205 TTGTACATTTTAACCCTTTG 24 2750 938026 N/A N/A 92676 92695 ATTTTCCTTTCTAAGAAGCT 109 2751 938038 N/A N/A 97616 97635 TTTTTATGTTGCTCCTTCTT 60 2752 938050 N/A N/A 98179 98198 TGGTACACAGGAAATACGCA 51 2753 938062 N/A N/A 99876 99895 TGCCAAGGACTTCGGAGTTT 41 2754 938074 N/A N/A 105836 105855 GCTCTCAAAGATAGACCCTA 47 2755 938086 N/A N/A 110157 110176 GCTCACAGCTCTGGGAGGAG 76 2756 938098 N/A N/A 117437 117456 ATCTAGCAAACCCTCTTCTT 84 2757 938110 N/A N/A 119027 119046 AGTTCCCATTGCATTGTTTT 25 2758 938122 N/A N/A 122999 123018 ATCAGTTGGAATGTAAAATG 42 2759 938134 N/A N/A 125248 125267 TAAAAATGGGAGCATGGCAA 72 2760 938146 N/A N/A 129750 129769 AAAGCTAGTCAAGTATACTA 78 2761 938158 N/A N/A 130244 130263 CCAGTTCCTCCAGCACGAGC 60 2762 938170 N/A N/A 132161 132180 GCTTATTATTCTCACATATA 8 2763 938182 N/A N/A 132518 132537 AGTTACATGTAACCATAATC 41 2764 938194 N/A N/A 133369 133388 ATAAACCAAGTTAGTTTGTC 35 2765 938206 N/A N/A 134853 134872 TTCTTCTGTTTGCATTAAAT 53 2766 938218 N/A N/A 137049 137068 CATGTAT CCTTTAAAAAGTG 72 2767 938230 N/A N/A 139050 139069 AAGCAGCAGATTAAATTAGC 70 2768 938242 N/A N/A 139497 139516 AAAACTTTAGTCTTCATAAA 110 2769 938254 N/A N/A 143622 143641 GGACAACATGATGGGCCAGT 62 2770 938266 N/A N/A 146188 146207 TGCTTCCAGCTTCTAGTTAC 55 2771 938278 N/A N/A 147266 147285 CACCAGGCAGTGAAAAGAGA 93 2772

TABLE 38 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 19 32 937368 1565 1584 81725 81744 AACTGCTGTGTATTTTTCTT 45 2773 937380 3949 3968 147864 147883 ATTAGCATCATTGGCGCATG 54 2774 937391 4405 4424 149156 149175 CTAGCTGATGTGTTCATGAC 48 2775 937415 N/A N/A 4045 4064 GAACTGACAACCGCCCGCCA 30 2776 937427 N/A N/A 4532 4551 CTAAGTAGTGTTTGGGATGC 21 2777 937439 N/A N/A 4752 4771 CAATGCAACTTAATAACCTT 28 2778 937451 N/A N/A 6471 6490 CTAGCAAGAGCCATAAAAAT 78 2779 937463 N/A N/A 8194 8213 ATCCCTTATGTAGAAGTATA 40 2780 937475 N/A N/A 9937 9956 TCAAAGCTTAGAGTTTTTGC 38 2781 937487 N/A N/A 10383 10402 TAAAAAGGTTGAGGACCATT 62 2782 937499 N/A N/A 15807 15826 TGGTATACTTGTTGAGCTCT 36 2783 937511 N/A N/A 17161 17180 CATTTTGAATTACAATGCGG 19 2784 937523 N/A N/A 19683 19702 ACCAGAGCCATTCCAACTCC 60 2785 937535 N/A N/A 19992 20011 GATCAGGGCCCAGGCCTATG 75 2786 937547 N/A N/A 23255 23274 ACGCTGTATTTTTACTCACC 8 2787 937559 N/A N/A 26624 26643 TGTATGCCCTGGGAGAATAA 67 2788 937571 N/A N/A 28083 28102 CAAAGACTTTGAAATCTCAC 35 2789 937583 N/A N/A 28498 28517 ATCACCGGATTGTTTTCTTC 25 2790 937595 N/A N/A 28893 28912 CTGAAGTCTTGTTCAGTGTC 21 2791 937607 N/A N/A 32325 32344 TTCCATACAGATCGCATAGC 46 2792 937619 N/A N/A 32793 32812 TGTTGTTGTTTACATTATTA 9 2793 937631 N/A N/A 32808 32827 CAATTTCAGACTTCTTGTTG 44 2794 937643 N/A N/A 33044 33063 CCCTCCAGCTATTCACATGG 87 2795 937655 N/A N/A 36310 36329 TCTCTTTGCGCCTGTGTCAC 26 2796 937667 N/A N/A 36849 36868 TCAGTATTTACTACTTCTGC 28 2797 937679 N/A N/A 37799 37818 GAAGTCTTCCTTCGATTATC 32 2798 937691 N/A N/A 41281 41300 ATTTTATGAGGGACTAGAGC 44 2799 937703 N/A N/A 44743 44762 TCATTTCTAAATAATATGCG 90 2800 937715 N/A N/A 48108 48127 TTGGTTCAGACGCAACCATG 129 2801 937727 N/A N/A 48856 48875 AGTATTTGAAACTGAGAAGT 66 2802 937739 N/A N/A 49154 49173 TTAGCTCATCAAGGTACCAG 15 2803 937751 N/A N/A 50210 50229 GACTAAATTTTTAATATAAC 88 2804 937763 N/A N/A 52397 52416 AGTAAGTCTCTAATAAAAAA 96 2805 937775 N/A N/A 55360 55379 GCAGCGGAAAATATGATTTA 64 2806 937787 N/A N/A 57465 57484 TTCACTAGGTTCTCAAAAGG 84 2807 937799 N/A N/A 58355 58374 CACTATCAAGACCAAAAAGA 113 2808 937811 N/A N/A 60508 60527 TGTTTAATCACAGTTTTCTC 51 2809 937823 N/A N/A 62624 62643 AAGATCAAAAGAAGTTTTAG 89 2810 937835 N/A N/A 68567 68586 AAAAGCATTCTGGAAGAGAA 98 2811 937847 N/A N/A 69110 69129 TTAACTGAGTTCTATAGGTG 53 2812 937859 N/A N/A 72175 72194 TAGCAGGCGATGTTGGAGGA 131 2813 937871 N/A N/A 74117 74136 TAGGTGTGGGTAGGTATGAG 86 2814 937883 N/A N/A 76109 76128 TATGTGAAGATAAACTGCTA 73 2815 937895 N/A N/A 82215 82234 AACTCTTCTCTAAGTGTCAA 79 2816 937907 N/A N/A 82806 82825 GCCAGTCTCACAGTGTCAAC 27 2817 937919 N/A N/A 82878 82897 TCTCTCACTGGCTGTTCTTT 64 2818 937931 N/A N/A 83773 83792 ATTTTCCATATAAATTATGT 94 2819 937943 N/A N/A 83804 83823 ATATTAACCACAGTGTTGCA 41 2820 937955 N/A N/A 84347 84366 ACTAAAATCTTTCCTCAGTG 70 2821 937967 N/A N/A 84579 84598 TCTAAGCGACTGCTTAATAA 78 2822 937979 N/A N/A 84761 84780 TCAGTTTGGAATCTTATTAA 33 2823 937991 N/A N/A 84819 84838 ATGCTGGTTCCTTACAATTA 19 2824 938003 N/A N/A 85057 85076 CAAAGGGTTAATTAGGATCT 33 2825 938015 N/A N/A 85187 85206 CTTGTACATTTTAACCCTTT 22 2826 938027 N/A N/A 95247 95266 TACACTTTAAACGGTTTATT 54 2827 938039 N/A N/A 97617 97636 CTTTTTATGTTGCTCCTTCT 45 2828 938051 N/A N/A 98329 98348 GCCCTCTTACTTACTAGCCA 67 2829 938063 N/A N/A 99878 99897 ATTGCCAAGGACTTCGGAGT 55 2830 938075 N/A N/A 105916 105935 CAAATAGGCCCAATACATAT 93 2831 938087 N/A N/A 110707 110726 AATTGTCCATCCCAGTGATT 98 2832 938099 N/A N/A 117523 117542 GTTGCCCCTCTGCTTCAAAA 57 2833 938111 N/A N/A 119029 119048 AAAGTTCCCATTGCATTGTT 31 2834 938123 N/A N/A 123079 123098 GACCTGTTGAAATTAAAAAG 91 2835 938135 N/A N/A 125729 125748 GAATTACATTATTATCTATC 50 2836 938147 N/A N/A 129785 129804 CTTATTACCTTCCTGTATAT 117 2837 938159 N/A N/A 130324 130343 TCTGCATGTAAGGGCCTCGC 53 2838 938171 N/A N/A 132163 132182 TTGCTTATTATTCTCACATA 19 2839 938183 N/A N/A 132519 132538 TAGTTACATGTAACCATAAT 54 2840 938195 N/A N/A 133470 133489 ATAAAAGCCAGCATGATAAA 64 2841 938207 N/A N/A 134941 134960 CTATGTTTTCAATGCCTTTG 21 2842 938219 N/A N/A 137245 137264 AAAATATTAGGCATTTCCCA 44 2843 938231 N/A N/A 139266 139285 ATTTGTAACTAGGTTTTGTC 74 2844 938243 N/A N/A 139545 139564 AATTTTATTTGTAATACTGA 121 2845 938255 N/A N/A 143628 143647 TTCAAAGGACAACATGATGG 82 2846 938267 N/A N/A 146379 146398 CTTCAGTGCAGCTCCTTCTC 55 2847 938279 N/A N/A 147364 147383 AAACAGATTACATTAATAAG 86 2848

TABLE 39 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 17 32 937369 1566 1585 81726 81745 GAACTGCTGTGTATTTTTCT 28 2849 937381 3952 3971 147867 147886 GTCATTAGCATCATTGGCGC 87 2850 937392 4406 4425 149157 149176 GCTAGCTGATGTGTTCATGA 60 2851 937416 N/A N/A 4090 4109 CCTTCTCCCTTTGAACACTA 37 2852 937428 N/A N/A 4533 4552 GCTAAGTAGTGTTTGGGATG 14 2853 937440 N/A N/A 4753 4772 TCAATGCAACTTAATAACCT 55 2854 937452 N/A N/A 6571 6590 CCCACAATATTTGACAAACT 70 2855 937464 N/A N/A 8607 8626 GCTGTAGCTATTTAGGACAA 24 2856 937476 N/A N/A 10130 10149 ATGTTAGCCAGCTGGTGTAC 97 2857 937488 N/A N/A 10400 10419 AAACCGGTCCCTAGTGTTAA 91 2858 937500 N/A N/A 16473 16492 AGTAATGCCCTTAGGGCCTA 76 2859 937512 N/A N/A 17162 17181 ACATTTTGAATTACAATGCG 19 2860 937524 N/A N/A 19836 19855 CCCGTGATCTGATTCCCATG 71 2861 937536 N/A N/A 20207 20226 ATGCTCAAGGAGGAGCAAGA 104 2862 937548 N/A N/A 23256 23275 TACGCTGTATTTTTACTCAC 36 2863 937560 N/A N/A 26628 26647 ATTATGTATGCCCTGGGAGA 58 2864 937572 N/A N/A 28084 28103 GCAAAGACTTTGAAATCTCA 11 2865 937584 N/A N/A 28499 28518 AATCACCGGATTGTTTTCTT 28 2866 937596 N/A N/A 28894 28913 GCTGAAGTCTTGTTCAGTGT 66 2867 937608 N/A N/A 32326 32345 ATTCCATACAGATCGCATAG 37 2868 937620 N/A N/A 32796 32815 TCTTGTTGTTGTTTACATTA 11 2869 937632 N/A N/A 32809 32828 CCAATTTCAGACTTCTTGTT 28 2870 937644 N/A N/A 33050 33069 GCTCTTCCCTCCAGCTATTC 44 2871 937656 N/A N/A 36311 36330 CTCTCTTTGCGCCTGTGTCA 24 2872 937668 N/A N/A 36851 36870 AATCAGTATTTACTACTTCT 25 2873 937680 N/A N/A 38003 38022 TACAGGTGAGATATATAGGA 9 2874 937692 N/A N/A 41282 41301 CATTTTATGAGGGACTAGAG 63 2875 937704 N/A N/A 45245 45264 ACCAATCACTGTTATAAAGA 42 2876 937716 N/A N/A 48164 48183 AAATTGTCATACTGTATTGT 60 2877 937728 N/A N/A 48887 48906 CTGATTACACAAACCAGTCT 73 2878 937740 N/A N/A 49155 49174 TTTAGCTCATCAAGGTACCA 64 2879 937752 N/A N/A 50666 50685 TGGCATATACAAATAAATAA 57 2880 937764 N/A N/A 52516 52535 TTAAACCAGGATCCCTAGAA 93 2881 937776 N/A N/A 55427 55446 CACATTCTGTTACTTCACCA 57 2882 937788 N/A N/A 57466 57485 TTTCACTAGGTTCTCAAAAG 93 2883 937800 N/A N/A 58468 58487 ACACATATCTGTGTCTTAAT 67 2884 937812 N/A N/A 60509 60528 TTGTTTAATCACAGTTTTCT 49 2885 937824 N/A N/A 63522 63541 CTCCCTATCTCAAATGAATG 105 2886 937836 N/A N/A 68773 68792 TGCTGAACTCTTCTGAGGCT 98 2887 937848 N/A N/A 69111 69130 ATTAACTGAGTTCTATAGGT 51 2888 937860 N/A N/A 72338 72357 AAAAGCATTGTAACAACAAG 77 2889 937872 N/A N/A 74138 74157 TAACCTCTTCTTATCCCAAA 97 2890 937884 N/A N/A 76189 76208 GAAACATTTATTGAACATAA 78 2891 937896 N/A N/A 82245 82264 GCTTTTCATCAGGTGATAAA 70 2892 937908 N/A N/A 82847 82866 GCTCCAATATCGGCAATGCT 59 2893 937920 N/A N/A 82922 82941 TTTTTGTCCTTCACTTTCTC 53 2894 937932 N/A N/A 83774 83793 AATTTTCCATATAAATTATG 145 2895 937944 N/A N/A 83853 83872 CCTTTCTTGAAGTAAGCATA 29 2896 937956 N/A N/A 84392 84411 CAGCCCCCTTCAGGTTTTTT 59 2897 937968 N/A N/A 84609 84628 TTCTAAATAATTTATACAGT 81 2898 937980 N/A N/A 84762 84781 CTCAGTTTGGAATCTTATTA 35 2899 937992 N/A N/A 84820 84839 AATGCTGGTTCCTTACAATT 31 2900 938004 N/A N/A 85059 85078 CCCAAAGGGTTAATTAGGAT 7 2901 938016 N/A N/A 85188 85207 TCTTGTACATTTTAACCCTT 29 2902 938028 N/A N/A 95368 95387 TTAAAATCAACTGAGAAGAC 95 2903 938040 N/A N/A 97618 97637 ACTTTTTATGTTGCTCCTTC 28 2904 938052 N/A N/A 98348 98367 CTTAAACACCAGATGGTCAG 74 2905 938064 N/A N/A 100037 100056 ATAGCTAAAGAGTCAAGTGG 65 2906 938076 N/A N/A 106796 106815 AGAGGAAGTAAAAAAGAAGG 91 2907 938088 N/A N/A 110913 110932 AACTGCCCCTCCAACACCCC 84 2908 938100 N/A N/A 117931 117950 AGCACAGAATACTAGTTTAT 55 2909 938112 N/A N/A 119030 119049 AAAAGTTCCCATTGCATTGT 45 2910 938124 N/A N/A 123159 123178 TGATGAGGTGCTCCTGGATC 60 2911 938136 N/A N/A 125751 125770 ATCAGTTTGTATGACCATAA 9 2912 938148 N/A N/A 129786 129805 ACTTATTACCTTCCTGTATA 69 2913 938160 N/A N/A 130548 130567 GGCACTGCATTCATTTTGAG 64 2914 938172 N/A N/A 132164 132183 TTTGCTTATTATTCTCACAT 12 2915 938184 N/A N/A 132520 132539 GTAGTTACATGTAACCATAA 27 2916 938196 N/A N/A 133494 133513 ATTGTTAAAATATATACAAG 100 2917 938208 N/A N/A 134957 134976 GCAGTCATTAGTGGTCCTAT 21 2918 938220 N/A N/A 137464 137483 ATAAATTTCATCTTATCAGA 97 2919 938232 N/A N/A 139267 139286 AATTTGTAACTAGGTTTTGT 79 2920 938244 N/A N/A 140114 140133 TATACTTTAAATCAATACTA 81 2921 938256 N/A N/A 143759 143778 CTTCTGCCACTCAGTTTACT 87 2922 938268 N/A N/A 146518 146537 GGAAATGGAATTCATTGTGG 33 2923 938280 N/A N/A 147490 147509 ATTAGACACTGGATCCAAGG 53 2924

TABLE 40 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 20 32 937370 2356 2375 91240 91259 CTGTTCGATGCAGGACTAGC 49 2925 937382 4393 4412 149144 149163 TTCATGACTTTCAAGGGTTA 27 2926 937393 4413 4432 149164 149183 TTCTTTTGCTAGCTGATGTG 31 2927 937417 N/A N/A 4091 4110 TCCTTCTCCCTTTGAACACT 23 2928 937429 N/A N/A 4534 4553 GGCTAAGTAGTGTTTGGGAT 4 2929 937441 N/A N/A 4754 4773 GTCAATGCAACTTAATAACC 18 2930 937453 N/A N/A 6585 6604 TCCTTTAAAAATTCCCCACA 73 2931 937465 N/A N/A 8764 8783 AATAGGGTTTTGTTCATGCT 4 2932 937477 N/A N/A 10345 10364 TGATCTTGTGTATATATTAC 11 2933 937489 N/A N/A 11272 11291 GACTGTATTCCATAAAACAA 48 2934 937501 N/A N/A 16482 16501 CTATAAAACAGTAATGCCCT 91 2935 937513 N/A N/A 17163 17182 TACATTTTGAATTACAATGC 25 2936 937525 N/A N/A 19925 19944 ATTACGACCATTCTGCTCAG 39 2937 937537 N/A N/A 20254 20273 CAAACCTCTTCACTCCTGCC 66 2938 937549 N/A N/A 23257 23276 TTACGCTGTATTTTTACTCA 23 2939 937561 N/A N/A 26913 26932 TTTCTTTTCCGTTTTTCATA 21 2940 937573 N/A N/A 28085 28104 AGCAAAGACTTTGAAATCTC 19 2941 937585 N/A N/A 28587 28606 TATAAACAAACTTTTTGATT 104 2942 937597 N/A N/A 28948 28967 GGAATTATTCTCTCAACTAT 89 2943 937609 N/A N/A 32327 32346 TATTCCATACAGATCGCATA 52 2944 937621 N/A N/A 32797 32816 TTCTTGTTGTTGTTTACATT 12 2945 937633 N/A N/A 32810 32829 TCCAATTTCAGACTTCTTGT 10 2946 937645 N/A N/A 33766 33785 AATATACACAAACAATCTAA 90 2947 937657 N/A N/A 36312 36331 GCTCTCTTTGCGCCTGTGTC 20 2948 937669 N/A N/A 36852 36871 GAATCAGTATTTACTACTTC 21 2949 937681 N/A N/A 38517 38536 GTCTACAAAATAACCTGTAA 54 2950 937693 N/A N/A 41719 41738 AATGATGCTTTCAAAGGCAC 90 2951 937705 N/A N/A 45419 45438 TTATAGCCAGGCATGTGGCA 73 2952 937717 N/A N/A 48165 48184 TAAATTGTCATACTGTATTG 55 2953 937729 N/A N/A 49018 49037 CTATGGTTTGTCTTAAGTAC 46 2954 937741 N/A N/A 49156 49175 CTTTAGCTCATCAAGGTACC 67 2955 937753 N/A N/A 50759 50778 ATAAAAACAGCTTTTGGTAT 75 2956 937765 N/A N/A 52610 52629 AAGGCCACAGAACAGAGCCA 110 2957 937777 N/A N/A 55507 55526 TGGTCATGAATAAGAATCGC 77 2958 937789 N/A N/A 57467 57486 GTTTCACTAGGTTCTCAAAA 32 2959 937801 N/A N/A 58477 58496 CCAGAATGAACACATATCTG 95 2960 937813 N/A N/A 60510 60529 TTTGTTTAATCACAGTTTTC 60 2961 937825 N/A N/A 63655 63674 AGGAGGCTAAGGTGAATCAC 66 2962 937837 N/A N/A 68850 68869 AAATAGGTGAGGGACTGGAA 80 2963 937849 N/A N/A 69112 69131 AATTAACTGAGTTCTATAGG 85 2964 937861 N/A N/A 72541 72560 ACTATGCCCAGCAAGTCTGG 118 2965 937873 N/A N/A 74238 74257 CTTCTATAACTGTCATTGTC 66 2966 937885 N/A N/A 76310 76329 GAAAGTTTATATAATCTGGC 96 2967 937897 N/A N/A 82325 82344 AGATCCTGTGTTCCAGACAC 39 2968 937909 N/A N/A 82848 82867 GGCTCCAATATCGGCAATGC 34 2969 937921 N/A N/A 82952 82971 TCCATCAATCTTGGTCTATC 26 2970 937933 N/A N/A 83784 83803 CATAGGTTAGAATTTTCCAT 14 2971 937945 N/A N/A 83883 83902 TCATGTCTTGTATTATAAGT 57 2972 937957 N/A N/A 84402 84421 ATATATTTCTCAGCCCCCTT 61 2973 937969 N/A N/A 84673 84692 GATAATATTCATTGCTATTT 23 2974 937981 N/A N/A 84763 84782 ACTCAGTTTGGAATCTTATT 34 2975 937993 N/A N/A 84821 84840 AAATGCTGGTTCCTTACAAT 50 2976 938005 N/A N/A 85101 85120 TTAACCTCCTTAAGATTAAG 89 2977 938017 N/A N/A 85189 85208 TTCTTGTACATTTTAACCCT 27 2978 938029 N/A N/A 95475 95494 TAACGGTTGCTTAGGGTTGG 36 2979 938041 N/A N/A 97619 97638 GACTTTTTATGTTGCTCCTT 15 2980 938053 N/A N/A 98485 98504 AAATGAAGGACTACAGATAT 89 2981 938065 N/A N/A 100065 100084 GCATCGCAAGCTTTACTGCA 74 2982 938077 N/A N/A 106803 106822 GGAGCGAAGAGGAAGTAAAA 138 2983 938089 N/A N/A 111200 111219 GTCATTAAGTAGGTGAATTC 70 2984 938101 N/A N/A 118324 118343 TGAGAAATGTCTTTTCTGTA 36 2985 938113 N/A N/A 119031 119050 AAAAAGTTCCCATTGCATTG 46 2986 938125 N/A N/A 123631 123650 AAACTGTTGGCTCAAATGAT 79 2987 938137 N/A N/A 125847 125866 AAGGTAGTCCTATTAGATTA 53 2988 938149 N/A N/A 129787 129806 TACTTATTACCTTCCTGTAT 72 2989 938161 N/A N/A 130731 130750 CTCAGCCTCAAACACCAGTT 66 2990 938173 N/A N/A 132165 132184 TTTTGCTTATTATTCTCACA 11 2991 938185 N/A N/A 132521 132540 TGTAGTTACATGTAACCATA 25 2992 938197 N/A N/A 133701 133720 GTCTCAAAAGCATGCATACA 36 2993 938209 N/A N/A 135061 135080 GAATAAAATAATTATCCTAT 110 2994 938221 N/A N/A 137468 137487 AGGCATAAATTTCATCTTAT 8 2995 938233 N/A N/A 139268 139287 TAATTTGTAACTAGGTTTTG 89 2996 938245 N/A N/A 140734 140753 GCTGAGTGAATGTACATAGG 21 2997 938257 N/A N/A 143795 143814 AAGGACCACAGTCTCTCTCA 73 2998 938269 N/A N/A 146633 146652 AACTTCCCAGAGCTGTGGAA 79 2999 938281 N/A N/A 147720 147739 GGACTCTCAGGAAAGGGCAA 62 3000

TABLE 41 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 22 32 937364 1078 1097 49252 49271 CTTTTCTCATGTGCGGCATC 26 3001 937374 2459 2478 91729 91748 TGATGTTTCATTGGGTTTAA 13 3002 937386 4398 4417 149149 149168 ATGTGTTCATGACTTTCAAG 18 3003 937397 4418 4437 149169 149188 GTTACTTCTTTTGCTAGCTG 16 3004 937409 N/A N/A 3346 3365 CTAACTTCTCCCCTCCAGAG 69 3005 937421 N/A N/A 4525 4544 GTGTTTGGGATGCTTCAGAC 8 3006 937433 N/A N/A 4745 4764 ACTTAATAACCTTAGTTTTA 83 3007 937445 N/A N/A 5173 5192 GAATGCTGCATTTTTTTTCA 42 3008 937457 N/A N/A 7141 7160 TAAGTTGCAATGCCTCAAGA 44 3009 937469 N/A N/A 9929 9948 TAGAGTTTTTGCCTTCCATT 5 3010 937481 N/A N/A 10349 10368 AGCATGATCTTGTGTATATA 5 3011 937493 N/A N/A 13758 13777 GGCACGAAACTGACATTTTC 20 3012 937505 N/A N/A 17154 17173 AATTACAATGCGGTATATAT 29 3013 937517 N/A N/A 18681 18700 CAGTATCTCAGTTTTTTTTT 22 3014 937529 N/A N/A 19931 19950 CGCATCATTACGACCATTCT 26 3015 937541 N/A N/A 22994 23013 AACATAGTTTCTCATCACCA 26 3016 937553 N/A N/A 24547 24566 CTGGCCACGACAAGTTAATT 88 3017 937565 N/A N/A 28032 28051 ATCTCTTTGACCTAAAGGCA 49 3018 937577 N/A N/A 28491 28510 GATTGTTTTCTTCATTATTG 23 3019 937589 N/A N/A 28886 28905 CTTGTTCAGTGTCCTTCTAG 25 3020 937601 N/A N/A 30392 30411 GGGATTAGGATGCCAAATAG 18 3021 937613 N/A N/A 32332 32351 AGTAATATTCCATACAGATC 32 3022 937625 N/A N/A 32801 32820 AGACTTCTTGTTGTTGTTTA 28 3023 937637 N/A N/A 32814 32833 TTCTTCCAATTTCAGACTTC 34 3024 937649 N/A N/A 34713 34732 ACCAGGAAATTGCTTCTAAT 55 3025 937661 N/A N/A 36317 36336 CATGTGCTCTCTTTGCGCCT 60 3026 937673 N/A N/A 37129 37148 ATATGGCCCTAGAGCCTAAA 105 3027 937685 N/A N/A 41273 41292 AGGGACTAGAGCATCCATAA 41 3028 937697 N/A N/A 43295 43314 AACAAAGGCCAAGAGCATAT 49 3029 937709 N/A N/A 47548 47567 ATGGAATTACTTTATTCTAC 64 3030 937721 N/A N/A 48532 48551 CAAAACATTAACAATACACT 89 3031 937733 N/A N/A 49147 49166 ATCAAGGTACCAGTTCTTAT 21 3032 937745 N/A N/A 49228 49247 ACCAAATCACACTAAAATGA 99 3033 937757 N/A N/A 51198 51217 AGTAGGGAACCTTTTTTTTT 45 3034 937769 N/A N/A 53410 53429 ACAACAAACCAAACCACATA 82 3035 937781 N/A N/A 56404 56423 CTAGAAAGGCAGATGTTGAA 98 3036 937793 N/A N/A 57473 57492 TACACAGTTTCACTAGGTTC 33 3037 937805 N/A N/A 58745 58764 TGAAGTTATTGTTCTGACTT 42 3038 937817 N/A N/A 61186 61205 TTTCTCACATTTACCATTCA 84 3039 937829 N/A N/A 66835 66854 AAAAAACTGACCTATTCTAT 87 3040 937841 N/A N/A 69103 69122 AGTTCTATAGGTGCTTAAGT 32 3041 937853 N/A N/A 70105 70124 GAATACTCATCTGTTCTAAC 74 3042 937865 N/A N/A 73527 73546 TGAAAAGCACACATTTAAGT 78 3043 937877 N/A N/A 74702 74721 GTCTCAGAAAGTTCAGGTAG 76 3044 937889 N/A N/A 81890 81909 TCTACTTGCATTCTCTACCT 70 3045 937901 N/A N/A 82428 82447 TATTCACCCCATCTCCTTCC 78 3046 937913 N/A N/A 82853 82872 TTCATGGCTCCAATATCGGC 36 3047 937925 N/A N/A 83229 83248 TTATTTTCCCTGAAAATGAG 109 3048 937937 N/A N/A 83788 83807 TGCACATAGGTTAGAATTTT 14 3049 937949 N/A N/A 84132 84151 TATTGCTATTACTATTTCCA 49 3050 937961 N/A N/A 84406 84425 TATCATATATTTCTCAGCCC 31 3051 937973 N/A N/A 84754 84773 GGAATCTTATTAAGCAAGTC 4 3052 937985 N/A N/A 84811 84830 TCCTTACAATTATCTATGAT 57 3053 937997 N/A N/A 85049 85068 TAATTAGGATCTATACACAC 70 3054 938009 N/A N/A 85180 85199 ATTTTAACCCTTTGAGGACA 88 3055 938021 N/A N/A 92134 92153 TAAAACTCAAATTCATCAGT 95 3056 938033 N/A N/A 96191 96210 GGACTTGTACACACAATATA 74 3057 938045 N/A N/A 97624 97643 GATAAGACTTTTTATGTTGC 13 3058 938057 N/A N/A 98776 98795 TAAACACTTTATAGGCAATA 69 3059 938069 N/A N/A 102537 102556 TTAAACTCCCAGGGACATTA 85 3060 938081 N/A N/A 108797 108816 ATTCCCAAGTGATAAGAGAT 94 3061 938093 N/A N/A 112501 112520 CTATAGAAAAAGCAACCTAT 115 3062 938105 N/A N/A 118988 119007 CTACACCTGCTGGTGATACA 79 3063 938117 N/A N/A 120010 120029 AATCTAAGGCCACATGAAAA 86 3064 938129 N/A N/A 124704 124723 AGTAACAGCAATAAAGAGAG 78 3065 938141 N/A N/A 127842 127861 ACTATCAGTTTACAAAGATT 75 3066 938153 N/A N/A 129792 129811 TTTGTTACTTATTACCTTCC 57 3067 938165 N/A N/A 131803 131822 TCCACAAAGATGCTTTGCCA 93 3068 938177 N/A N/A 132217 132236 TAAGTTGATCTACACAAATT 88 3069 938189 N/A N/A 132526 132545 GCCCATGTAGTTACATGTAA 46 3070 938201 N/A N/A 134052 134071 GTAGTTCAGATTTGGCTGAG 22 3071 938213 N/A N/A 136574 136593 AAAAACATTACTAATGGAAA 100 3072 938225 N/A N/A 138397 138416 TAGTACTCCTTCCTATTTAA 49 3073 938237 N/A N/A 139273 139292 GTGTTTAATTTGTAACTAGG 9 3074 938249 N/A N/A 142569 142588 ATACACTGGGAAAATTTTCC 56 3075 938261 N/A N/A 145704 145723 CTAGCTGGGAGAGCCTCTAG 81 3076 938273 N/A N/A 146798 146817 AGCCTCTGGTAGACACCTAC 52 3077

TABLE 42 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 10 32 708202 1481 1500 81641 81660 TTCTGCTAACTGGTTTGCCC 36 3078 937376 3484 3503 136957 136976 TTGTTGTATGGTAATTTGGG 16 3079 937388 4400 4419 149151 149170 TGATGTGTTCATGACTTTCA 17 3080 937399 4420 4439 149171 149190 TTGTTACTTCTTTTGCTAGC 83 3081 937411 N/A N/A 3769 3788 ATCTCCAGGGTCCAGCCTGG 85 3082 937423 N/A N/A 4527 4546 TAGTGTTTGGGATGCTTCAG 8 3083 937435 N/A N/A 4747 4766 CAACTTAATAACCTTAGTTT 62 3084 937447 N/A N/A 5308 5327 AATAAATCACTTCTGAAAGT 95 3085 937459 N/A N/A 7503 7522 GTAAACTCCAAAAGGACAAT 39 3086 937471 N/A N/A 9931 9950 CTTAGAGTTTTTGCCTTCCA 2 3087 937483 N/A N/A 10352 10371 CACAGCATGATCTTGTGTAT 102 3088 937495 N/A N/A 13900 13919 AGTTCTGATACAGTTAATAA 40 3089 937507 N/A N/A 17156 17175 TGAATTACAATGCGGTATAT 16 3090 937519 N/A N/A 18683 18702 GCCAGTATCTCAGTTTTTTT 30 3091 937531 N/A N/A 19933 19952 TGCGCATCATTACGACCATT 64 3092 937543 N/A N/A 23250 23269 GTATTTTTACTCACCTTTTC 43 3093 937555 N/A N/A 25504 25523 AAACCAAACCAATAGTCTGG 59 3094 937567 N/A N/A 28078 28097 ACTTTGAAATCTCACAAGGT 73 3095 937579 N/A N/A 28493 28512 CGGATTGTTTTCTTCATTAT 6 3096 937591 N/A N/A 28888 28907 GTCTTGTTCAGTGTCCTTCT 4 3097 937603 N/A N/A 30585 30604 AATCCTCTTCCATCCCCTTT 34 3098 937615 N/A N/A 32334 32353 TAAGTAATATTCCATACAGA 52 3099 937627 N/A N/A 32804 32823 TTCAGACTTCTTGTTGTTGT 16 3100 937639 N/A N/A 32816 32835 TGTTCTTCCAATTTCAGACT 8 3101 937651 N/A N/A 36032 36051 GTTATGACTACTCCACGAAC 36 3102 937663 N/A N/A 36845 36864 TATTTACTACTTCTGCATGG 31 3103 937675 N/A N/A 37484 37503 ACTTGGTCAGGAACTCTTGG 53 3104 937687 N/A N/A 41275 41294 TGAGGGACTAGAGCATCCAT 46 3105 937699 N/A N/A 43449 43468 CATATCGAAGCAGTATTCTC 35 3106 937711 N/A N/A 47653 47672 ATTAGACTGGATAAAAGGAG 46 3107 937723 N/A N/A 48598 48617 ACTTTTTATACCTCATCAGG 42 3108 937735 N/A N/A 49149 49168 TCATCAAGGTACCAGTTCTT 31 3109 937747 N/A N/A 49954 49973 ATCAGTAGCATTCTTGACCA 37 3110 937759 N/A N/A 51425 51444 GTATTTTCTTGCCTTTCTAT 18 3111 937771 N/A N/A 54713 54732 GTTTCTCAGTAAATCAAACT 78 3112 937783 N/A N/A 56926 56945 ATACAGAAGAGGAAATTCTG 112 3113 937795 N/A N/A 57475 57494 GGTACACAGTTTCACTAGGT 4 3114 937807 N/A N/A 59465 59484 TCTCCTTCAGCTGTGTCTTC 34 3115 937819 N/A N/A 61340 61359 CAGTCTTACTGAAAATGTCC 83 3116 937831 N/A N/A 67200 67219 ATATATATGTTGAACACCTG 70 3117 937843 N/A N/A 69105 69124 TGAGTTCTATAGGTGCTTAA 54 3118 937855 N/A N/A 71732 71751 TAACATCACAAACCCTCAAA 73 3119 937867 N/A N/A 73814 73833 TTTGATACTAACCTGAATCA 102 3120 937879 N/A N/A 74908 74927 AGATATACCTTCGGAGTACT 50 3121 937891 N/A N/A 82029 82048 AGATAACTATTTTAACAAGC 50 3122 937903 N/A N/A 82476 82495 GCACTAACTGTTCTCTGTGT 51 3123 937915 N/A N/A 82855 82874 TTTTCATGGCTCCAATATCG 33 3124 937927 N/A N/A 83445 83464 AAACTATTTTATCAATGATA 108 3125 937939 N/A N/A 83791 83810 TGTTGCACATAGGTTAGAAT 5 3126 937951 N/A N/A 84180 84199 TAGCTAAAATTGAATGTCCA 40 3127 937963 N/A N/A 84410 84429 TAAGTATCATATATTTCTCA 41 3128 937975 N/A N/A 84756 84775 TTGGAATCTTATTAAGCAAG 15 3129 937987 N/A N/A 84813 84832 GTTCCTTACAATTATCTATG 8 3130 937999 N/A N/A 85051 85070 GTTAATTAGGATCTATACAC 40 3131 938011 N/A N/A 85182 85201 ACATTTTAACCCTTTGAGGA 49 3132 938023 N/A N/A 92248 92267 TAGGCAAAGACCACTTTAAA 64 3133 938035 N/A N/A 96398 96417 ATGTAATTCTTAAAAAAACC 86 3134 938047 N/A N/A 97626 97645 GAGATAAGACTTTTTATGTT 27 3135 938059 N/A N/A 99449 99468 GTTCTAAACTATTTATAGAC 98 3136 938071 N/A N/A 104201 104220 TGAAGAACATTATGCAAAAA 77 3137 938083 N/A N/A 109630 109649 ACTGACTAAAGCACCCTTGG 76 3138 938095 N/A N/A 116416 116435 ACTACAAGCAAACACAGGCA 72 3139 938107 N/A N/A 119024 119043 TCCCATTGCATTGTTTTAAG 16 3140 938119 N/A N/A 120188 120207 AATGACACTTCATAACCACT 34 3141 938131 N/A N/A 124921 124940 GGTGAAACTTAAGACTTAAA 16 3142 938143 N/A N/A 128091 128110 TACAACCCCTAAGGAAATAA 57 3143 938155 N/A N/A 129794 129813 ACTTTGTTACTTATTACCTT 23 3144 938167 N/A N/A 132158 132177 TATTATTCTCACATATAAAT 84 3145 938179 N/A N/A 132402 132421 ACTACGGTAGTTCTCAGAAA 38 3146 938191 N/A N/A 132648 132667 TATAAATTCTTAAATAACTC 97 3147 938203 N/A N/A 134199 134218 CCAGCTCCTAGTGTCCTTTT 52 3148 938215 N/A N/A 136866 136885 GGTTGACATATTAGTAATTT 27 3149 938227 N/A N/A 138522 138541 CACCCCAAAATAACTCAAAA 71 3150 938239 N/A N/A 139275 139294 GTGTGTTTAATTTGTAACTA 14 3151 938251 N/A N/A 142950 142969 GCAAACACAGACATATGCAG 65 3152 938263 N/A N/A 145980 145999 TTCCAAGGTAAGTGTGTAGG 41 3153 938275 N/A N/A 146860 146879 AACAGAGTGAGGTTTTAGGG 20 3154

TABLE 43 Percent control of human ATXN2 RNA with 5-10-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Start Stop Start Stop ATXN2 % SEQ Number Site Site Site Site Sequence (5′ to 3′) control ID NO 708199 1477 1496 81637 81656 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 17 32 937365 1560 1579 81720 81739 CTGTGTATTTTTCTTCCTCA 6 3155 937377 3490 3509 136963 136982 GTCTCCTTGTTGTATGGTAA 21 3156 937389 4401 4420 149152 149171 CTGATGTGTTCATGACTTTC 15 3157 937400 4421 4440 149172 149191 CTTGTTACTTCTTTTGCTAG 30 3158 937412 N/A N/A 3802 3821 GCCCGCCCCCTGCCACCAGC 60 3159 937424 N/A N/A 4528 4547 GTAGTGTTTGGGATGCTTCA 8 3160 937436 N/A N/A 4748 4767 GCAACTTAATAACCTTAGTT 7 3161 937448 N/A N/A 5951 5970 CTACAAAATAACATACACAA 77 3162 937460 N/A N/A 7520 7539 CCTAGTCACATTAGAATGTA 95 3163 937472 N/A N/A 9933 9952 AGCTTAGAGTTTTTGCCTTC 15 3164 937484 N/A N/A 10353 10372 ACACAGCATGATCTTGTGTA 94 3165 937496 N/A N/A 14454 14473 CACAAAGTCCACAGCAAATG 51 3166 937508 N/A N/A 17157 17176 TTGAATTACAATGCGGTATA 9 3167 937520 N/A N/A 18684 18703 GGCCAGTATCTCAGTTTTTT 91 3168 937532 N/A N/A 19934 19953 GTGCGCATCATTACGACCAT 49 3169 937544 N/A N/A 23251 23270 TGTATTTTTACTCACCTTTT 35 3170 937556 N/A N/A 26045 26064 CTAGTCTATACTACCACATA 81 3171 937568 N/A N/A 28079 28098 GACTTTGAAATCTCACAAGG 29 3172 937580 N/A N/A 28495 28514 ACCGGATTGTTTTCTTCATT 15 3173 937592 N/A N/A 28890 28909 AAGTCTTGTTCAGTGTCCTT 10 3174 937604 N/A N/A 31032 31051 TCCTCCTCTCTTCATGGCCT 85 3175 937616 N/A N/A 32403 32422 GAAATGAAGATGAAAATAGT 88 3176 937628 N/A N/A 32805 32824 TTTCAGACTTCTTGTTGTTG 20 3177 937640 N/A N/A 32818 32837 TTTGTTCTTCCAATTTCAGA 35 3178 937652 N/A N/A 36188 36207 AGAAAAGATTGTATTTTACA 70 3179 937664 N/A N/A 36846 36865 GTATTTACTACTTCTGCATG 30 3180 937676 N/A N/A 37600 37619 GGTCGGCAAGCAGTGTCTTT 37 3181 937688 N/A N/A 41278 41297 TTATGAGGGACTAGAGCATC 41 3182 937700 N/A N/A 43838 43857 GTGTACTTATAGTCTGTACA 70 3183 937712 N/A N/A 47673 47692 GTACTTTTACAATGAATTAT 44 3184 937724 N/A N/A 48749 48768 AAATTACCTTCGGACTGTAA 76 3185 937736 N/A N/A 49150 49169 CTCATCAAGGTACCAGTTCT 30 3186 937748 N/A N/A 49980 49999 GGACAAGAAATTTTCAGTTG 11 3187 937760 N/A N/A 51971 51990 ACCTGATGTCCTAAACACAT 65 3188 937772 N/A N/A 54912 54931 AGATACACGAATACAGAGCC 77 3189 937784 N/A N/A 57158 57177 AGAGCTCAAACTGTAACAGG 51 3190 937796 N/A N/A 57987 58006 ATGCAGTACAACATTCCATT 10 3191 937808 N/A N/A 59479 59498 AATCTACTTTTATGTCTCCT 20 3192 937820 N/A N/A 61420 61439 AAACCATCCAAGACAAGAGA 51 3193 937832 N/A N/A 67596 67615 TCTAGTGAGTATAAAAATAT 55 3194 937844 N/A N/A 69106 69125 CTGAGTTCTATAGGTGCTTA 69 3195 937856 N/A N/A 71745 71764 TTAACATCAGATTTAACATC 66 3196 937868 N/A N/A 73832 73851 ACTAGAAATCTGACCTTATT 71 3197 937880 N/A N/A 75267 75286 TATCAATCCATCAAAAATAT 72 3198 937892 N/A N/A 82113 82132 TCTGTATGTTCCTAGTACTT 42 3199 937904 N/A N/A 82509 82528 GTTACCAAATTCTCACAGTT 27 3200 937916 N/A N/A 82856 82875 TTTTTCATGGCTCCAATATC 58 3201 937928 N/A N/A 83465 83484 AAGTATTTTAAGTATTTAGA 94 3202 937940 N/A N/A 83792 83811 GTGTTGCACATAGGTTAGAA 7 3203 937952 N/A N/A 84258 84277 TGGAGAAAAGACTCAATGAA 58 3204 937964 N/A N/A 84411 84430 TTAAGTATCATATATTTCTC 62 3205 937976 N/A N/A 84757 84776 TTTGGAATCTTATTAAGCAA 42 3206 937988 N/A N/A 84814 84833 GGTTCCTTACAATTATCTAT 18 3207 938000 N/A N/A 85052 85071 GGTTAATTAGGATCTATACA 19 3208 938012 N/A N/A 85183 85202 TACATTTTAACCCTTTGAGG 43 3209 938024 N/A N/A 92255 92274 TAAAGGATAGGCAAAGACCA 51 3210 938036 N/A N/A 97572 97591 AGGTTTACAGAAAGTTGTGC 22 3211 938048 N/A N/A 97726 97745 TCCTGGTATGCCCCTATGGA 58 3212 938060 N/A N/A 99771 99790 TTACTATGGGTTGGACACTT 61 3213 938072 N/A N/A 104211 104230 CCAGTGTCTCTGAAGAACAT 50 3214 938084 N/A N/A 109930 109949 CCCTTGTGCCTTGAATAAAA 79 3215 938096 N/A N/A 116591 116610 TATAATCACAACTGATGGGC 28 3216 938108 N/A N/A 119025 119044 TTCCCATTGCATTGTTTTAA 25 3217 938120 N/A N/A 122100 122119 CAAACAAAAAGGAATAAGCT 76 3218 938132 N/A N/A 125124 125143 AAGGGCTGCCAGAAACAGTG 44 3219 938144 N/A N/A 128108 128127 AAAGAATGTCACCATTTTAC 44 3220 938156 N/A N/A 129795 129814 TACTTTGTTACTTATTACCT 65 3221 938168 N/A N/A 132159 132178 TTATTATTCTCACATATAAA 90 3222 938180 N/A N/A 132466 132485 TGAATAAACCAAAATTATCC 71 3223 938192 N/A N/A 133234 133253 GATAATGTGGAAAATTAAGA 75 3224 938204 N/A N/A 134531 134550 ATAGAACAAAACAATTCTTT 90 3225 938216 N/A N/A 136915 136934 AAAGGTAAATTAGCCTTTTG 88 3226 938228 N/A N/A 138908 138927 CCAAACTACTAACAGAGACA 73 3227 938240 N/A N/A 139341 139360 TAACCACATTCCAGAACTAG 81 3228 938252 N/A N/A 143062 143081 TATAGTTCCCAGCCCTCTCT 63 3229 938264 N/A N/A 146037 146056 CCCCGGTAGTCACTTCGGAG 86 3230 938276 N/A N/A 146917 146936 GGGCACATGGCAAATTTGAG 32 3231

Example 4: Effect of 5-10-5 MOE Gapmers with Mixed Internucleoside Linkages on Human ATXN2 RNA Expression In Vitro, Multiple Doses

Modified oligonucleotides selected from the examples above were tested at various doses in SCA2-04 cells. Cells were plated at a density of 20,000 cells per well and transfected using electroporation with 31.25 nM, 125.00 nM, 500.00 nM, and 2,000.00 nM concentrations of modified oligonucleotide, as specified in the tables below. After a treatment period of approximately 24 hours, total RNA was isolated from the cells and ATXN2 RNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Human ATXN2 primer probe set hAtaxin_LTS01321 (described hereinabove in Example 1) was used to measure RNA levels. ATXN2 RNA levels were adjusted according to total RNA content, as measured by RIBOGREEN®. Results are presented in the tables below as percent ATXN2 RNA expression relative to untreated control cells. As illustrated in the tables below, ATXN2 RNA levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner in modified oligonucleotide-treated cells. IC₅₀ was calculated using the “log(inhibitor) vs. response−variable slope (4 parameters)” formula u sing Prism6 software.

TABLE 44 Dose-dependent reduction of human ATXN2 RNA expression in SCA2-04 cells Com- pound ATXN2 expression (% control) IC₅₀ Number 31.25 nM 125.00 nM 500.00 nM 2,000.00 nM (μM) 708199 126 94 59 30 0.8 755233 119 113 93 41 >2.0 756959 132 118 89 32 1.5 756960 106 103 90 36 2.0 756978 106 105 56 20 0.7 756980 128 126 83 35 2.0 756981 98 95 72 38 1.6 756985 98 517 84 33 1.5 756989 134 137 87 52 >2.0 756991 117 204 77 37 1.4 756993 137 138 67 21 1.0 756996 128 104 81 33 1.3 756997 120 111 82 24 1.1 757000 122 114 86 32 1.5 757052 85 77 43 15 0.3 757055 92 86 58 27 0.7 757057 133 127 87 42 2.0 757066 91 81 59 19 0.5 757072 151 125 88 39 1.7

TABLE 45 Dose-dependent reduction of human ATXN2 RNA expression in SCA2-04 cells Com- pound ATXN2 expression (% control) IC₅₀ Number 31.25 nM 125.00 nM 500.00 nM 2,000.00 nM (μM) 708199 113 111 64 21 0.8 755237 159 151 97 38 1.9 755239 69 82 43 25 0.4 757028 110 158 145 53 >2.0 757034 125 125 105 35 1.6 757037 142 151 117 49 >2.0 757040 117 103 81 21 0.9 757045 254 153 113 35 1.6 757073 163 141 116 55 >2.0 757075 120 102 81 48 >2.0 757089 101 90 62 27 0.8 757094 202 161 86 34 1.3 757104 140 182 151 72 >2.0 757116 100 93 69 42 1.5 757127 98 94 67 34 1.1 757129 89 83 67 37 1.2 757130 109 85 50 22 0.5 757131 152 103 66 30 0.9 757218 131 123 113 53 >2.0

TABLE 46 Dose-dependent reduction of human ATXN2 RNA expression in SCA2-04 cells Com- pound ATXN2 expression (% control) IC₅₀ Number 31.25 nM 125.00 nM 500.00 nM 2,000.00 nM (μM) 708199 95 54 28 17 0.2 757161 100 95 61 32 0.9 757162 97 83 51 19 0.5 757175 101 84 60 25 0.7 757209 102 77 69 27 0.8 757210 112 95 51 30 0.7 757213 105 102 63 31 1.0 757219 112 89 67 37 1.1 757226 102 84 55 31 0.7 757228 92 104 65 36 1.3 757234 96 94 58 29 0.8 757250 85 92 64 46 2.0 757267 108 92 60 40 1.1 757272 95 88 48 35 0.7 757294 98 101 73 47 >2.0 757311 91 62 55 24 0.4 757364 98 76 53 31 0.6 757371 107 97 73 38 1.4 757372 64 94 74 45 1.6

Example 5: Effect of 5-10-5 MOE Gapmers with Mixed Internucleoside Linkages on Human ATXN2 RNA Expression In Vitro, Multiple Doses

Modified oligonucleotides selected from the examples above were tested at various doses in A431 cells. Cells were plated at a density of 10,000 cells per well and transfected by free uptake with 0.44 μM, 1.33 μM, 4.00 μM, and 12.00 μM concentrations of modified oligonucleotide, as specified in the tables below. After a treatment period of approximately 24 hours, total RNA was isolated from the cells and ATXN2 RNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR Human ATXN2 primer probe set RTS5049 (described hereinabove in Example 2) was used to measure RNA levels. ATXN2 RNA levels were adjusted according to total RNA content, as measured by RIBOGREEN®. Results are presented in the tables below as percent ATXN2 RNA expression relative to untreated control. As illustrated in the tables below, ATXN2 RNA levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner in modified oligonucleotide-treated cells. IC₅₀ was calculated using the “log(inhibitor) vs. response−variable slope (4 parameters)” formula u sing Prism6 software.

TABLE 47 Dose-dependent reduction of human ATXN2 RNA expression in A431 cells Compound ATXN2 expression (% control) IC₅₀ Number 0.44 μM 1.33 μM 4.00 μM 12.00 μM (μM) 708199 65 45 36 23 1.2 874225 89 72 64 52 >12.0 874247 50 37 22 13 <0.4 874248 67 54 45 32 2.2 874249 67 56 32 27 1.6 874272 64 51 35 27 1.4 874273 53 50 34 32 0.8 874702 34 25 16 13 <0.4 874748 50 44 28 16 0.6 875060 63 44 27 14 1.0 875252 65 61 37 25 1.8 875325 105 80 61 46 8.4 875348 58 41 26 21 0.7 875398 54 33 20 11 0.5 875445 65 55 39 24 1.7 875733 65 54 41 33 1.9 875804 57 34 27 13 0.6 875805 83 70 58 45 7.6 875877 88 68 59 46 8.1

TABLE 48 Dose-dependent reduction of human ATXN2 RNA expression in A431 cells Compound ATXN2 expression (% control) IC₅₀ Number 0.44 μM 1.33 μM 4.00 μM 12.00 μM (μM) 708199 57 46 35 24 0.9 874250 60 51 33 21 1.1 874251 67 49 41 32 1.8 874297 82 82 69 53 >12.0 874369 78 64 49 36 4.0 874415 62 56 38 26 1.6 874560 44 26 16 10 <0.4 874703 75 59 47 24 2.5 874752 43 26 18 11 <0.4 874799 70 63 43 28 2.5 875063 68 58 41 26 2.0 875328 27 15 9 7 <0.4 875351 54 39 30 20 0.5 875352 80 66 52 40 5.1 875807 68 45 38 27 1.4 875831 61 50 44 36 1.7 875879 50 41 31 22 0.4 875880 61 50 37 30 1.3 875904 69 53 49 33 2.5

TABLE 49 Dose-dependent reduction of human ATXN2 RNA expression in A431 cells Compound ATXN2 expression (% control) IC₅₀ Number 0.44 μM 1.33 μM 4.00 μM 12.00 μM (μM) 708199 66 53 35 28 1.6 708399 87 77 55 33 5.1 874229 72 62 45 72 >12.0 874254 72 63 49 35 3.5 874276 78 67 57 39 5.5 874277 60 48 46 41 1.8 874300 80 64 41 30 3.0 874610 58 45 24 13 0.8 874682 79 59 44 31 2.9 874706 57 39 26 13 0.7 874753 41 37 25 12 <0.4 874754 52 40 24 11 0.5 874874 67 50 35 21 1.4 874969 74 55 36 17 1.8 875401 91 83 68 39 8.7 875427 74 49 38 23 1.8 875571 72 62 40 27 2.3 875834 69 58 45 37 3.0 875954 73 53 46 31 2.5

TABLE 50 Dose-dependent reduction of human ATXN2 RNA expression in A431 cells Compound ATXN2 expression (% control) IC₅₀ Number 0.44 μM 1.33 μM 4.00 μM 12.00 μM (μM) 708199 70 43 34 23 1.3 874211 65 50 39 33 1.7 874212 64 51 37 24 1.4 874279 68 54 39 20 1.6 874280 32 20 13 8 <0.4 874281 48 39 22 14 <0.4 874325 70 65 50 39 4.2 874327 55 36 32 25 0.5 874348 55 10 109 52 >12.0 874541 3 3 31743 32 <0.4 874685 81 78 56 46 8.6 874947 93 73 60 35 5.6 875404 61 54 39 22 1.4 875405 92 72 57 36 5.5 875452 62 42 26 14 0.9 875477 61 57 44 34 2.0 875572 44 36 29 72 <0.4 875764 49 40 23 14 <0.4 875956 75 55 50 45 4.8

TABLE 51 Dose-dependent reduction of human ATXN2 RNA expression in A431 cells Compound ATXN2 expression (% control) IC₅₀ Number 0.44 μM 1.33 μM 4.00 μM 12.00 μM (μM) 708199 80 49 37 23 2.0 874258 74 67 45 52 >12.0 874282 41 36 21 13 <0.4 874283 73 44 33 24 1.5 874591 79 66 53 50 8.4 874615 74 64 45 33 3.1 874639 46 30 17 10 <0.4 874782 57 46 36 26 0.9 874806 84 84 61 47 11.1 874807 76 61 53 38 4.3 874856 78 59 34 28 2.3 874903 67 59 40 33 2.2 874951 72 61 52 42 4.8 874952 60 43 27 19 0.9 874999 93 77 55 29 4.6 875360 61 42 29 22 0.8 875670 84 63 49 28 3.3 875886 76 60 42 25 2.4 875959 75 58 41 37 2.9

TABLE 52 Dose-dependent reduction of human ATXN2 RNA expression in A431 cells Compound ATXN2 expression (% control) IC₅₀ Number 0.44 μM 1.33 μM 4.00 μM 12.00 μM (μM) 708199 74 44 32 25 1.5 874216 81 55 n.d. 16 2.0 874217 51 40 29 26 <0.4 874237 66 59 43 30 2.2 874238 86 58 42 37 3.4 874307 173 64 64 68 >12.0 874544 92 78 71 54 >12.0 874547 80 59 46 34 3.3 874568 77 59 42 32 2.8 874571 106 79 55 38 5.9 874643 85 62 40 35 3.3 874738 65 46 37 25 1.3 874785 71 58 38 25 2.0 874858 93 86 65 66 >12.0 875458 42 28 19 12 <0.4 875650 63 46 31 19 1.1 875793 89 93 78 64 >12.0 875840 97 81 79 48 >12.0 875914 60 48 42 38 1.5

TABLE 53 Dose-dependent reduction of human ATXN2 RNA expression in A431 cells Compound ATXN2 expression (% control) IC₅₀ Number 0.44 μM 1.33 μM 4.00 μM 12.00 μM (μM) 708199 59 44 29 21 0.8 874288 64 40 n.d. 16 0.9 874334 57 38 29 28 0.6 874335 56 37 32 27 0.6 874430 60 49 32 25 1.1 874501 54 41 33 21 0.6 874548 68 49 34 23 1.4 874669 40 20 12 10 <0.4 874764 77 53 51 33 3.1 875148 60 43 39 26 1.0 875196 84 85 64 38 7.8 875315 63 54 36 31 1.6 875341 62 40 30 20 0.9 875389 66 56 38 29 1.8 875485 52 23 16 13 <0.4 875508 63 57 48 33 2.4 875798 59 42 31 17 0.8 875820 72 67 45 35 3.4 875966 45 31 24 19 <0.4

TABLE 54 Dose-dependent reduction of human ATXN2 RNA expression in A431 cells Compound ATXN2 expression (% control) IC₅₀ Number 0.44 μM 1.33 μM 4.00 μM 12.00 μM (μM) 708199 59 47 28 20 0.9 874359 84 65 n.d. 16 6.1 874360 75 62 43 38 3.3 874384 50 47 34 32 <0.4 874385 50 35 29 31 <0.4 874503 32 21 14 6 <0.4 874745 65 41 27 16 1.0 874792 58 39 26 19 0.7 874937 64 55 30 22 1.4 875032 35 21 11 6 <0.4 875319 53 36 22 15 0.5 875414 68 59 42 28 2.2 875416 74 58 48 35 3.3 875512 68 57 42 31 2.2 875680 47 32 22 15 <0.4 875799 49 39 26 14 <0.4 875822 62 53 39 27 1.5 875895 76 52 41 33 2.4 875991 65 48 40 27 1.5

TABLE 55 Dose-dependent reduction of human ATXN2 RNA expression in A431 cells Compound ATXN2 expression (% control) IC₅₀ Number 0.44 μM 1.33 μM 4.00 μM 12.00 μM (μM) 708199 56 50 36 23 1.0 874244 85 82 n.d. 16 >12.0 874246 53 40 30 23 0.5 874388 54 51 41 29 1.0 874506 44 24 17 8 <0.4 874554 30 17 10 4 <0.4 874627 33 28 17 10 <0.4 874674 83 75 62 45 9.4 874699 60 39 23 17 0.7 874771 28 19 10 7 <0.4 874842 60 44 29 20 0.9 874939 45 34 21 15 <0.4 875083 74 57 46 26 2.4 875346 55 52 38 26 1.0 875347 47 35 39 26 <0.4 875489 75 71 45 37 3.9 875490 76 68 52 31 3.7 875681 81 76 61 39 7.0 875803 63 53 38 22 1.4

Example 6: Effect of 5-10-5 MOE Gapmers with Mixed Internucleoside Linkages on Human ATXN2 In Vitro, Multiple Doses

Modified oligonucleotides selected from the examples above were tested at various doses in A431 cells. Cells were plated at a density of 10,000 cells per well and transfected by free uptake with 0.094, 0.375, 1.500, and 6.000 μM concentrations of modified oligonucleotide, as specified in the tables below. After a treatment period of approximately 24 hours, total RNA was isolated from the cells and ATXN2 RNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Human ATXN2 primer probe set RTS5049 (described hereinabove in Example 2) was used to measure RNA levels. ATXN2 RNA levels were adjusted according to total RNA content, as measured by RIBOGREEN®. Results are presented in the tables below as percent ATXN2 RNA expression relative to untreated control cells. As illustrated in the tables below, ATXN2 RNA levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner in modified oligonucleotide-treated cells. IC₅₀ was calculated using the “log(inhibitor) vs. response−variable slope (4 parameters)” formula u sing Prism6 software.

TABLE 56 Dose-dependent reduction of human ATXN2 RNA expression in A431 cells Compound ATXN2 expression (% control) IC₅₀ Number 0.094 μM 0.375 μM 1.500 μM 6.000 μM (μM) 708199 72 52 28 14 0.4 937383 52 26 n.d. 16 <0.1 937430 60 24 10 4 0.1 937466 85 62 34 19 0.7 937467 74 52 26 12 0.4 937478 66 44 23 12 0.3 937479 66 35 17 9 0.2 937611 79 54 31 15 0.5 937634 76 51 24 11 0.4 937754 73 34 10 3 0.2 937791 77 47 22 10 0.4 937934 65 37 16 8 0.2 937983 69 34 14 5 0.2 938042 91 58 27 17 0.7 938043 55 28 13 5 0.1 938151 70 48 27 12 0.3 938163 67 38 15 6 0.2 938174 97 67 31 15 0.9 938210 65 33 14 8 0.2

TABLE 57 Dose-dependent reduction of human ATXN2 RNA expression in A431 cells Compound ATXN2 expression (% control) IC₅₀ Number 0.094 μM 0.375 μM 1.500 μM 6.000 μM (μM) 708199 79 51 26 15 0.5 937385 33 15 n.d. 16 <0.1 937420 68 38 20 10 0.2 937422 55 24 9 5 <0.1 937456 76 51 21 8 0.4 937468 52 21 8 3 <0.1 937470 51 25 9 3 <0.1 937480 41 22 9 5 <0.1 937494 85 64 34 16 0.7 937552 76 41 19 7 0.3 937578 76 39 23 10 0.3 937683 73 46 24 14 0.4 937792 73 39 21 9 0.3 937794 35 9 4 2 <0.1 937804 68 42 19 7 0.3 937936 49 19 6 2 <0.1 937938 63 31 15 11 0.1 937972 55 32 15 5 0.1 938044 66 39 24 10 0.2

TABLE 58 Dose-dependent reduction of human ATXN2 RNA expression in A431 cells Compound ATXN2 expression (% control) IC₅₀ Number 0.094 μM 0.375 μM 1.500 μM 6.000 μM (μM) 708199 77 45 27 16 0.4 937365 63 36 n.d. 16 0.2 937423 81 41 20 11 0.4 937424 67 37 19 11 0.2 937436 82 39 15 5 0.3 937471 57 20 7 2 <0.1 937508 78 52 23 8 0.4 937579 61 35 14 7 0.2 937591 50 28 9 4 <0.1 937592 67 35 15 6 0.2 937639 64 39 15 7 0.2 937748 83 55 21 10 0.5 937795 60 28 11 6 0.1 937796 76 55 23 11 0.4 937939 39 20 10 5 <0.1 937940 63 28 12 6 0.1 937962 90 62 32 13 0.7 937987 77 46 24 14 0.4 938238 87 55 40 20 0.8

TABLE 59 Dose-dependent reduction of human ATXN2 RNA expression in A431 cells Compound ATXN2 expression (% control) IC₅₀ Number 0.094 μM 0.375 μM 1.500 μM 6.000 μM (μM) 708199 80 46 29 13 0.4 937378 66 37 n.d. 16 0.2 937389 64 38 19 15 0.2 937425 63 40 18 9 0.2 937437 82 53 19 7 0.4 937472 86 52 34 16 0.6 937509 86 53 28 12 0.6 937510 76 51 21 8 0.4 937546 73 43 20 9 0.3 937580 68 40 20 12 0.2 937593 68 39 15 5 0.2 937618 50 24 13 6 <0.1 937725 84 48 24 12 0.5 937737 70 38 20 12 0.2 937738 62 35 15 6 0.2 937941 73 53 29 13 0.4 937942 67 45 19 10 0.3 937989 65 42 16 8 0.2 938170 53 23 10 4 <0.1

TABLE 60 Dose-dependent reduction of human ATXN2 RNA expression in A431 cells Compound ATXN2 expression (% control) IC₅₀ Number 0.094 μM 0.375 μM 1.500 μM 6.000 μM (μM) 708199 74 45 24 15 0.4 937426 84 63 n.d. 16 0.6 937428 63 41 20 10 0.2 937474 74 42 19 9 0.3 937511 82 51 24 18 0.5 937547 67 41 14 5 0.2 937572 74 46 21 9 0.3 937595 95 66 39 16 0.9 937619 63 39 14 7 0.2 937620 61 37 18 10 0.2 937666 79 41 23 13 0.4 937680 70 38 17 7 0.3 937739 86 49 22 10 0.5 937918 73 41 21 12 0.3 937991 75 49 20 12 0.4 938004 51 20 10 4 <0.1 938136 68 38 20 7 0.2 938171 83 54 28 11 0.5 938172 78 44 20 9 0.4

TABLE 61 Dose-dependent reduction of human ATXN2 RNA expression in A431 cells Compound ATXN2 expression (% control) IC₅₀ Number 0.094 μM 0.375 μM 1.500 μM 6.000 μM (μM) 708199 80 48 30 14 0.5 937374 78 42 n.d. 16 0.4 937397 52 27 18 13 <0.1 937421 72 35 13 5 0.2 937429 43 15 5 3 <0.1 937465 41 14 6 3 <0.1 937469 62 28 9 3 0.1 937477 75 49 21 10 0.4 937481 48 18 7 3 <0.1 937621 69 45 24 12 0.3 937633 68 41 19 7 0.3 937933 93 42 23 12 0.5 937937 71 42 23 12 0.3 937973 53 22 7 3 <0.1 938041 77 49 24 9 0.4 938045 73 50 27 11 0.4 938173 78 45 21 8 0.4 938221 58 26 14 7 0.1 938237 54 23 11 7 <0.1

Example 7: Design of Gapmers with Mixed Internucleoside Linkages Complementary to Human ATXN2 RNA

Modified oligonucleotides complementary to a human ATXN2 nucleic acid were designed. The modified oligonucleotides in the table below are gapmers. The gapmers have a central gap segment that comprises 2′-deoxynucleosides and is flanked by wing segments on both the 5′ end on the 3′ end comprising 2′-MOE nucleosides. The internucleoside linkages are mixed phosphodiester internucleoside linkages and phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages. Each cytosine residue is a 5-methyl cytosine. The sequence and chemical notation column specifies the sequence, including 5-methyl cytosines, sugar chemistry, and the internucleoside linkage chemistry, wherein subscript ‘d’ represents a 2′-deoxyribose sugar; subscript ‘e’ represents a 2′-MOE modified sugar; subscript ‘o’ represents a phosphodiester internucleoside linkage; subscript ‘s’ represents a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage; and a ‘m’ superscript before the cytosine residue indicates a 5-methyl cytosine. “Start Site” indicates the 5′-most nucleoside to which the gapmer is complementary in the human nucleic acid sequence. “Stop Site” indicates the 3′-most nucleoside to which the gapmer is complementary in the human nucleic acid sequence.

Each modified oligonucleotide listed in the table below is complementary to human ATXN2 nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2, as indicated. ‘N/A’ indicates that the modified oligonucleotide is not complementary to that particular nucleic acid with 100% complementarity.

TABLE 62 Modified oligonucleotides complementary to human ATXN2 RNA SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 SEQ Compound Gapmer Sequence and chemistry Start Stop Start Stop ID Number motif notation (5′ to 3′) Site Site Site Site NO: 702063 5-10-5 ^(m)C_(es) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) A_(ds) T_(ds) 1123 1142 49297 49316 33 T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) A_(es) ^(m)C_(es) G_(e) 708154 5-10-5 T_(es) G_(eo) G_(eo) A_(eo) T_(eo) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) A_(ds) 1089 1108 49263 49282 3235 ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(es) ^(m)C_(es) A_(e) 755235 5-10-5 ^(m)C_(es) T_(eo) G_(eo) G_(eo) A_(eo) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) 1090 1109 49264 49283 3234 A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(eo) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) T_(es) ^(m)C_(e) 760771 5-8-5 T_(es) G_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(es) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) 4274 4291 149025 149042 3292 ^(m)C_(ds) G_(ds) G_(ds) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) A_(es) A_(e) 874430 5-10-5 G_(es) T_(eo) T_(eo) A_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) N/A N/A N/A N/A 3293 G_(ds) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) G_(es) G_(es) A_(e) 1008800 5-8-5 T_(es) G_(eo) T_(eo) A_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) 1084 1101 49258 49275 3232 A_(ds) T_(eo) G_(eo) T_(es) G_(es) ^(m)C_(e) 1008806 5-8-5 G_(es) G_(eo) A_(eo) T_(eo) T_(es) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) 1090 1107 49264 49281 3233 T_(ds) T_(eo) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) T_(es) ^(m)C_(e) 1008845 4-10-6 T_(es) A_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) T_(ds) 1080 1099 49254 49273 1637 G_(ds) T_(ds) G_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) G_(eo) G_(es) ^(m)C_(es) A_(e) 1008852 4-10-6 ^(m)C_(es) T_(eo) G_(eo) G_(eo) A_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) A_(ds) 1090 1109 49264 49283 3234 ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) T_(eo) T_(eo) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) T_(es) ^(m)C_(e) 1008854 4-10-6 ^(m)C_(es) T_(eo) G_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(ds) A_(ds) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) G_(ds) 1479 1498 81639 81658 1255 T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) G_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) T_(es) T_(e) 1008858 6-10-4 ^(m)C_(es) T_(eo) T_(eo) A_(eo) G_(eo) A_(eo) G_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) N/A N/A 9931 9950 3087 G_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) ^(m)C_(es) A_(e) 1008859 6-10-4 G_(es) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) T_(eo) A_(eo) G_(eo) A_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) N/A N/A 9932 9951 2177 T_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(eo) T_(es) ^(m)C_(es) ^(m)C_(e) 1008860 6-10-4 A_(es) G_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) T_(eo) A_(eo) G_(ds) A_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) N/A N/A 9933 9952 3164 T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(es) T_(es) ^(m)C_(e) 1008861 6-10-4 ^(m)C_(es) G_(eo) T_(eo) A_(eo) T_(eo) G_(eo) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) N/A N/A 33816 33835 2262 ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(e) T_(eo) T_(es) A_(es) T_(e) 1008862 6-10-4 T_(es) G_(eo) T_(eo) A_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) 991 1010 48690 48709 1185 T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) G_(ds) A_(eo) G_(es) ^(m)C_(es) ^(m)C_(e) 1008863 6-10-4 A_(es) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) T_(eo) T_(eo) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) T_(ds) 1079 1098 49253 49272 1561 G_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) G_(ds) G_(eo) ^(m)C_(e) A_(es) T_(e) 1008864 6-10-4 T_(es) A_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) T_(eo) T_(eo) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) 1080 1099 49254 49273 1637 T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) G_(eo) G_(es) ^(m)C_(e) A_(e) 1008865 6-10-4 T_(es) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) G_(eo) T_(eo) A_(eo) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) 1084 1103 49258 49277 2544 T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) T_(ds) G_(eo) T_(es) G_(es) ^(m)C_(e) 1008866 6-10-4 T_(es) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) A_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) 1649 1668 83260 83279 804 T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) A_(es) G_(e) 1008867 6-10-4 A_(es) ^(m)C_(eo) A_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) A_(eo) G_(eo) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) N/A N/A 57472 57491 2503 ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) A_(ds) G_(ds) G_(ds) T_(eo) T_(es) ^(m)C_(es) T_(e) 1008868 6-10-4 T_(es) G_(eo) G_(eo) T_(eo) G_(eo) G_(eo) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) N/A N/A 9003 9022 1800 G_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(eo) A_(es) G_(es) A_(e) 1008869 6-10-4 G_(es) T_(eo) T_(eo) A_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) G_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) N/A N/A 45744 45763 3291 G_(ds) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(es) G_(es) A_(e) 1008870 6-10-4 T_(es) G_(eo) G_(eo) A_(eo) T_(eo) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) 1089 1108 49263 49282 3235 T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(es) ^(m)C_(es) A_(e) 1008871 6-10-4 ^(m)C_(es) T_(eo) G_(eo) G_(eo) A_(eo) T_(eo) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) A_(ds) 1090 1109 49264 49283 3234 ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) T_(es) ^(m)C_(e) 1008872 6-10-4 ^(m)C_(es) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) A_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) A_(ds) T_(ds) 1123 1142 49297 49316 33 T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(eo) A_(es) ^(m)C_(es) G_(e) 1008873 6-10-4 ^(m)C_(es) T_(eo) G_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) A_(eo) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) G_(ds) 1479 1498 81639 81658 1255 T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) ^(m)C_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) T_(es) T_(e) 1008874 6-10-4 ^(m)C_(es) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) A_(eo) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) A_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) T_(ds) 1538 1557 81698 81717 158 T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(eo) G_(es) G_(es) G_(e) 1008875 6-10-4 A_(es) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) A_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) 1651 1670 83262 83281 172 ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) G_(eo) T_(es) ^(m)C_(es) ^(m)C_(e) 1008876 6-10-4 G_(es) T_(eo) G_(eo) A_(eo) T_(eo) G_(eo) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) 2460 2479 91730 91749 1188 T_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) G_(ds) G_(ds) T_(eo) T_(es) T_(es) A_(e) 1008877 5-10-5 G_(es) T_(eo) A_(eo) T_(eo) G_(eo) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) N/A N/A 33815 33834 3294 G_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(eo) T_(eo) A_(es) T_(es) T_(e) 1008878 5-10-5 T_(es) ^(m)C_(eo) G_(eo) T_(eo) A_(eo) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) N/A N/A 33817 33836 3295 ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(es) T_(es) A_(e) 1008879 5-10-5 A_(es) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) N/A N/A 48687 48706 3296 G_(ds) G_(ds) A_(ds) G_(ds) ^(m)C_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) T_(es) A_(e) 1008880 5-10-5 T_(es) A_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) N/A N/A 48688 48707 3297 T_(ds) G_(ds) G_(ds) A_(ds) G_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) ^(m)C_(es) T_(e) 1008881 5-10-5 G_(es) T_(eo) A_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) T_(ds) N/A N/A 48689 48708 3236 T_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) G_(ds) A_(eo) G_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) ^(m)C_(es) ^(m)C_(e) 1008882 5-10-5 A_(es) T_(eo) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) G_(ds) T_(ds) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) 1086 1105 49260 49279 3298 T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(eo) A_(eo) T_(es) G_(es) T_(e) 1008883 5-10-5 G_(es) T_(eo) T_(eo) A_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) N/A N/A 45744 45763 3291 G_(ds) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(es) G_(es) A_(e) 1008884 5-10-5 A_(es) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) G_(eo) G_(eo) A_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) 1091 1110 49265 49284 3237 A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) T_(eo) T_(eo) T_(es) ^(m)C_(es) T_(e) 1008885 5-10-5 A_(es) A_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) G_(eo) G_(ds) A_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) 1092 1111 49266 49285 3299 G_(ds) T_(ds) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(eo) T_(eo) T_(es) T_(es) ^(m)C_(e) 1008886 5-10-5 G_(es) A_(eo) A_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) G_(ds) G_(ds) A_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) 1093 1112 49267 49286 3300 T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) T_(es) T_(es) T_(e) 1008887 5-10-5 T_(es) ^(m)C_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) A_(eo) T_(eo) T_(ds) A_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) 1120 1139 49294 49313 3301 T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(eo) G_(eo) T_(es) T_(es) T_(e) 1008888 5-10-5 ^(m)C_(es) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) A_(eo) T_(ds) T_(ds) A_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) 1121 1140 49295 49314 3238 ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) G_(es) T_(es) T_(e) 1008889 5-10-5 T_(es) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) A_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) A_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) 1122 1141 49296 49315 3239 ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(eo) A_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) G_(es) T_(e) 1008890 5-10-5 ^(m)C_(es) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) A_(eo) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) 1647 1666 83258 83277 3302 T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) ^(m)C_(eo) A_(eo) G_(es) G_(es) A_(e) 1008891 5-10-5 G_(es) T_(eo) G_(eo) G_(eo) T_(eo) G_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) G_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) N/A N/A 9001 9020 3303 A_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) A_(eo) G_(eo) A_(es) ^(m)C_(es) ^(m)C_(e) 1008892 5-10-5 G_(es) G_(eo) T_(eo) G_(eo) G_(eo) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) G_(ds) N/A N/A 9002 9021 3304 ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(eo) A_(eo) G_(es) A_(es) ^(m)C_(e) 1008893 5-10-5 G_(es) T_(eo) G_(eo) G_(eo) T_(eo) G_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) N/A N/A 9004 9023 3305 ^(m)C_(ds) G_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) T_(eo) G_(eo) T_(es) A_(es) G_(e) 1008894 5-10-5 ^(m)C_(es) G_(eo) T_(eo) G_(eo) G_(eo) T_(ds) G_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) N/A N/A 9005 9024 3306 G_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) G_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(eo) T_(eo) G_(es) T_(es) A_(e) 1008895 5-10-5 A_(es) G_(eo) T_(eo) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) 1279 1298 76416 76435 3307 ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) ^(m)C_(eo) A_(eo) G_(es) G_(e) G_(e) 1008896 5-10-5 G_(es) A_(eo) G_(eo) T_(eo) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) 1280 1299 76417 76436 3308 ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) ^(m)C_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) A_(es) G_(es) G_(e) 1008897 5-10-5 T_(es) G_(eo) A_(eo) G_(eo) T_(eo) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) 1281 1300 76418 76437 3309 G_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) A_(es) G_(e) 1008898 5-10-5 T_(es) G_(eo) T_(eo) G_(eo) A_(eo) G_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) 1283 1302 76420 76439 3310 ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(eo) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) ^(m)C_(es) ^(m)C_(e) 1008899 5-10-5 ^(m)C_(es) T_(eo) G_(eo) T_(eo) G_(eo) A_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) 1284 1303 76421 76440 3311 ^(m)C_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) ^(m)C_(eo) A_(eo) T_(es) ^(m)C_(es) ^(m)C_(e) 1008900 5-10-5 G_(es) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) G_(eo) T_(eo) G_(ds) A_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) 1285 1304 76422 76441 3312 A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) G_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) A_(es) T_(es) ^(m)C_(e) 1008901 5-10-5 G_(es) ^(m)C_(eo) G_(eo) G_(eo) T_(eo) G_(ds) A_(ds) A_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) 1686 1705 83297 83316 3313 T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) ^(m)C_(es) A_(e) 1008902 5-10-5 T_(es) A_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) G_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) G_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) A_(ds) A_(ds) 1689 1708 83300 83319 3314 T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) G_(eo) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) T_(es) ^(m)C_(e) 1008903 5-10-5 ^(m)C_(es) A_(eo) T_(eo) A_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) G_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) G_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) 1691 1710 83302 83321 3315 A_(ds) A_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) G_(es) T_(es) ^(m)C_(e) 1008904 5-10-5 A_(es) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) G_(eo) T_(eo) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) G_(ds) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) N/A N/A 45741 45760 3316 ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) G_(eo) A_(eo) A_(es) A_(es) A_(e) 1008905 5-10-5 T_(es) A_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) G_(eo) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) G_(ds) A_(ds) N/A N/A 45742 45761 3317 ^(m)C_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(eo) G_(eo) A_(es) A_(es) A_(e) 1008906 5-10-5 T_(es) T_(eo) A_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) G_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) G_(ds) N/A N/A 45743 45762 3318 A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) G_(es) A_(es) A_(e) 1008907 5-10-5 T_(es) G_(eo) T_(eo) T_(eo) A_(eo) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) 891 910 45745 45764 3319 ^(m)C_(ds) G_(ds) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) T_(es) G_(e) 1008908 5-10-5 T_(es) G_(eo) T_(eo) A_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) 991 1010 48690 48709 1185 T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) G_(eo) A_(eo) G_(es) ^(m)C_(es) ^(m)C_(e) 1008909 5-10-5 T_(es) G_(eo) T_(eo) A_(es) ^(m)C_(es) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) 991 1010 48690 48709 1185 T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) G_(eo) A_(eo) G_(es) ^(m)C_(es) ^(m)C_(e) 1008910 5-10-5 T_(es) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) G_(eo) T_(es) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) 1084 1103 49258 49277 2544 T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) T_(eo) G_(eo) T_(es) G_(es) ^(m)C_(e) 1008911 5-10-5 T_(es) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) G_(es) T_(es) A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) 1084 1103 49258 49277 2544 ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) T_(eo) G_(eo) T_(es) G_(es) ^(m)C_(e) 1008912 5-10-5 ^(m)C_(es) A_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) A_(eo) G_(es) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) N/A N/A 57471 57490 2121 ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) A_(ds) G_(ds) G_(ds) T_(eo) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) T_(es) ^(m)C_(e) 1008913 5-10-5 ^(m)C_(es) A_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) A_(es) G_(es) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) N/A N/A 57471 57490 2121 ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) A_(ds) G_(ds) G_(ds) T_(eo) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) T_(es) ^(m)C_(e) 1008914 5-10-5 A_(es) ^(m)C_(eo) A_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) A_(es) G_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) N/A N/A 57472 57491 2503 ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) A_(ds) G_(ds) G_(eo) T_(eo) T_(es) ^(m)C_(es) T_(e) 1008915 5-10-5 A_(es) ^(m)C_(eo) A_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) A_(es) G_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) A_(ds) N/A N/A 57472 57491 2503 ^(m)C_(ds) T_(ds) A_(ds) G_(ds) G_(eo) T_(eo) T_(es) ^(m)C_(es) T_(e) 1008916 5-10-5 T_(es) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) T_(ds) A_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) 1649 1668 83260 83279 804 T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) A_(es) G_(e) 1008917 5-10-5 T_(es) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) T_(es) ^(m)C_(es) T_(ds) A_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds) 1649 1668 83260 83279 804 T_(ds) T_(ds) T_(ds) G_(ds) T_(eo) ^(m)C_(eo) ^(m)C_(es) A_(es) G_(e)

Example 8: Effect of MOE Gapmers with Mixed Internucleoside Linkages on Human ATXN2 In Vitro, Multiple Doses

Modified oligonucleotides selected from the examples above were tested at various doses in A431 cells. Cells were plated at a density of 11,000 cells per well and transfected by free uptake with 0.023, 0.094, 0.375, 1.500 or 6.000 μM concentrations of modified oligonucleotide, as specified in the tables below. After a treatment period of approximately 48 hours, total RNA was isolated from the cells and ATXN2 RNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR Human ATXN2 primer probe set RTS5051 (forward sequence TCCAGTAGCAAGGACCAGT, designated herein as SEQ ID NO: 16; reverse sequence CAATACTGTTCTGTCTGGGAGA, designated herein as SEQ ID NO: 17; probe sequence ACTGACCACTGATGACCACGTTCC, designated herein as SEQ ID: 18) was used to measure RNA levels. ATXN2 RNA levels were adjusted according to total RNA content, as measured by RIBOGREEN®. Results are presented in the tables below as percent ATXN2 RNA expression relative to untreated control cells. As illustrated in the tables below, ATXN2 RNA levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner in modified oligonucleotide-treated cells. IC₅₀ was calculated using the “log(inhibitor) vs. response−variable slope (4 parameters)” formula u sing Prism6 software.

TABLE 63 Dose-dependent reduction of human ATXN2 RNA expression in A431 cells ATXN2 expression (% control) Compound 0.023 0.094 0.375 1.500 6.000 IC₅₀ Number μM μM μM μM μM (μM) 756993 88 83 59 37 22 0.8 874218 99 83 56 37 22 0.7 1008800 99 86 57 34 22 0.7 1008806 90 84 67 41 32 1.2 1008845 94 74 54 32 24 0.6 1008852 90 70 39 19 10 0.3 1008854 97 83 71 54 43 2.7 1008862 105 82 79 40 29 1.3 1008865 95 56 36 17 8 0.2 1008870 95 73 46 24 14 0.4 1008871 95 83 63 40 26 0.9 1008872 90 78 69 49 36 1.6 1008874 94 78 54 36 26 0.7 1008875 83 69 40 24 13 0.3 1008881 91 71 61 57 43 2.4 1008884 86 116 40 22 14 0.3 1008888 84 62 39 20 12 0.2 1008889 84 60 31 18 10 0.2 1008910 90 77 49 23 14 0.4

Example 9: Effect of Modified Oligonucleotides on Human ATXN2 In Vitro, Multiple Doses

Modified oligonucleotides selected from the examples above were tested at various doses in SH-SY5Y cells. Cells were plated at a density of 35,000 cells per well and transfected by free uptake with 0.023, 0.094, 0.375, 1.500, or 6.000 μM concentrations of modified oligonucleotide, as specified in the tables below. After a treatment period of approximately 24 hours, total RNA was isolated from the cells and ATXN2 RNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR Human ATXN2 primer probe set RTS5051 (described herein in Example 8) was used to measure RNA levels. ATXN2 RNA levels were adjusted according to total RNA content, as measured by RIBOGREEN®. Results are presented in the tables below as percent ATXN2 RNA relative to untreated control. As illustrated in the tables below, ATXN2 RNA levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner in modified oligonucleotide-treated cells. IC₅₀ was calculated using the “log(inhibitor) vs. response−variable slope (4 parameters)” formula u sing Prism6 software.

TABLE 64 Dose-dependent reduction of human ATXN2 RNA expression in SH-SY5Y cells ATXN2 expression (% control) Compound 0.023 0.094 0.375 1.500 6.000 IC₅₀ Number μM μM μM μM μM (μM) 756993 131 98 73 37 15 1.0 874218 111 89 62 26 15 0.7 1008800 96 89 64 45 19 1.0 1008806 102 99 74 55 34 2.1 1008854 90 86 75 56 31 1.9 1008862 114 107 78 50 21 1.5

TABLE 65 Dose-dependent reduction of human ATXN2 RNA expression in SH-SY5Y cells ATXN2 expression (% control) Compound 0.023 0.094 0.375 1.500 6.000 IC₅₀ Number μM μM μM μM μM (μM) 1008865 108 97 74 35 16 1.0 1008870 109 99 90 52 24 1.7 1008874 98 90 75 42 27 1.3 1008888 100 95 72 43 30 1.4 1008889 91 86 58 36 15 0.7 1008910 106 106 85 50 23 1.6

Example 10: Effect of Modified Oligonucleotides on Rhesus Monkey ATXN2 RNA Expression In Vitro, Multiple Doses

Modified oligonucleotides selected from the examples above, which are also complementary to rhesus monkey ATXN2, were tested at various doses in LLC-MK2 monkey cells. Cells were plated at a density of 20,000 cells per well and transfected by free uptake with 0.023, 0.094, 0.375, 1.500, or 6.000 μM concentrations of modified oligonucleotide, as specified in the tables below. After a treatment period of approximately 24 hours, total RNA was isolated from the cells and ATXN2 RNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR Human ATXN2 primer probe set RTS5051 (described herein in Example 8) was used to measure RNA levels. ATXN2 RNA levels were adjusted according to total RNA content, as measured by RIBOGREEN®. Results are presented in the tables below as percent ATXN2 RNA expression relative to untreated control cells. As illustrated in the tables below, ATXN2 RNA levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner in modified oligonucleotide-treated cells. IC₅₀ was calculated using the “log(inhibitor) vs. response−variable slope (4 parameters)” formula u sing Prism6 software.

TABLE 66 Dose-dependent reduction of human ATXN2 RNA expression in LLC-MK2 rhesus monkey cells ATXN2 expression (% control) Compound 0.023 0.094 0.375 1.500 6.000 IC₅₀ Number μM μM μM μM μM (μM)   756993* 140 124 107 69 26 2.8   874218* 114 97 83 50 21 1.5 1008800 106 108 85 57 31 2.2 1008806 102 103 97 84 50 7.3 1008854 87 88 78 59 34 2.3 1008862 97 99 87 58 29 2.2 *Oligos contain one mismatch to rhesus monkey

TABLE 67 Dose-dependent reduction of human ATXN2 RNA expression in LLC-MK2 rhesus monkey cells ATXN2 expression (% control) Compound 0.023 0.094 0.375 1.500 6.000 IC₅₀ Number μM μM μM μM μM (μM) 1008865 114 105 101 56 22 2.1 1008870 107 87 76 58 26 1.7 1008874 90 82 66 39 18 0.7 1008888 91 85 82 53 24 1.7 1008889 75 78 68 36 15 0.9 1008910 86 94 79 72 31 2.7

Example 11: Design of 5-8-5 MOE Gapmers with Mixed Internucleoside Linkages Complementary to Human ATXN2 RNA

Modified oligonucleotides complementary to a human ATXN2 nucleic acid were designed. The modified oligonucleotides in the table below are 5-8-5 MOE gapmers. The gapmers are 18 nucleobases in length, wherein the central gap segment comprises eight 2′-deoxynucleosides and is flanked by wing segments on both the 5′ end and on the 3′ end comprising five 2′-MOE nucleosides. The sugar motif for the gapmers is (from 5′ to 3′): eeeeeddddddddeeeee; wherein ‘d’ represents a 2′-deoxyribose sugar and ‘e’ represents a 2′-MOE modified sugar. The internucleoside linkages are mixed phosphodiester and phosphorothioate linkages. The internucleoside linkage motif for the gapmers is (from 5′ to 3′): sooosssssssssooss; wherein ‘o’ represents a phosphodiester internucleoside linkage and ‘s’ represents a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage. Each cytosine residue is a 5-methyl cytosine. “Start Site” indicates the 5′-most nucleoside to which the gapmer is complementary in the human nucleic acid sequence. “Stop Site” indicates the 3′-most nucleoside to which the gapmer is complementary in the human nucleic acid sequence.

Each modified oligonucleotide listed in the table below is complementary to human ATXN2 nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2, as indicated. ‘N/A’ indicates that the modified oligonucleotide is not complementary to that particular nucleic acid with 100% complementarity.

TABLE 68 5-8-5 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages complementary to human ATXN2 RNA SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 SEQ ID NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Sequence Start NO: 1 Start Stop SEQ ID Number (5′ to 3′) Site Stop Site Site Site NO: 1008786 TTAGAGTTTTTGCCTTCC N/A N/A 9932 9949 3240 1008787 CTTAGAGTTTTTGCCTTC N/A N/A 9933 9950 3241 1008788 GCTTAGAGTTTTTGCCTT N/A N/A 9934 9951 3242 1008789 TATGTTTGTCTGTCTTAT N/A N/A 33816 33833 3243 1008790 GTATGTTTGTCTGTCTTA N/A N/A 33817 33834 3244 1008791 CGTATGTTTGTCTGTCTT N/A N/A 33818 33835 3245 1008792 TACTTCACATTTGGAGCC 991 1008 48690 48707 3246 1008793 GTACTTCACATTTGGAGC 992 1009 48691 48708 3247 1008794 TGTACTTCACATTTGGAG 993 1010 48692 48709 3248 1008795 TTTTCTCATGTGCGGCAT 1079 1096 49253 49270 3249 1008796 CTTTTCTCATGTGCGGCA 1080 1097 49254 49271 3250 1008797 ACTTTTCTCATGTGCGGC 1081 1098 49255 49272 3251 1008798 TACTTTTCTCATGTGCGG 1082 1099 49256 49273 3252 1008799 GTACTTTTCTCATGTGCG 1083 1100 49257 49274 3253 1008801 CTGTACTTTTCTCATGTG 1085 1102 49259 49276 3254 1008802 TCTGTACTTTTCTCATGT 1086 1103 49260 49277 3255 1008803 TTCTGTACTTTTCTCATG 1087 1104 49261 49278 3256 1008804 ATTCTGTACTTTTCTCAT 1088 1105 49262 49279 3257 1008805 GATTCTGTACTTTTCTCA 1089 1106 49263 49280 3258 1008807 TGGATTCTGTACTTTTCT 1091 1108 49265 49282 3259 1008808 CTGGATTCTGTACTTTTC 1092 1109 49266 49283 3260 1008809 CTCCATTATTTCTTCACG 1123 1140 49297 49314 3261 1008810 TCTCCATTATTTCTTCAC 1124 1141 49298 49315 3262 1008811 CTCTCCATTATTTCTTCA 1125 1142 49299 49316 3263 1008812 TAACTGGTTTGCCCTTGC 1477 1494 81637 81654 3264 1008813 CTAACTGGTTTGCCCTTG 1478 1495 81638 81655 3265 1008814 GCTAACTGGTTTGCCCTT 1479 1496 81639 81656 3266 1008815 TGCTAACTGGTTTGCCCT 1480 1497 81640 81657 3267 1008816 CTGCTAACTGGTTTGCCC 1481 1498 81641 81658 3268 1008817 TCTGCTAACTGGTTTGCC 1482 1499 81642 81659 3269 1008818 TTCTGCTAACTGGTTTGC 1483 1500 81643 81660 3270 1008819 TCATCATTTTCCAGGGCC 1536 1553 81696 81713 3271 1008820 ATCATCATTTTCCAGGGC 1537 1554 81697 81714 3272 1008821 TATCATCATTTTCCAGGG 1538 1555 81698 81715 3273 1008822 CTATCATCATTTTCCAGG 1539 1556 81699 81716 3274 1008823 CCTATCATCATTTTCCAG 1540 1557 81700 81717 3275 1008824 TCCTATCATCATTTTCCA 1541 1558 81701 81718 3276 1008825 CTCCTATCATCATTTTCC 1542 1559 81702 81719 3277 1008826 CTATTTCTTTGTCCAGGA 1647 1664 83258 83275 3278 1008827 TCTATTTCTTTGTCCAGG 1648 1665 83259 83276 3279 1008828 CTCTATTTCTTTGTCCAG 1649 1666 83260 83277 3280 1008829 TCTCTATTTCTTTGTCCA 1650 1667 83261 83278 3281 1008830 TTCTCTATTTCTTTGTCC 1651 1668 83262 83279 3282 1008831 CTTCTCTATTTCTTTGTC 1652 1669 83263 83280 3283 1008832 ACTTCTCTATTTCTTTGT 1653 1670 83264 83281 3284 1008833 GTGGTGTGCGCATGTAGA N/A N/A 9003 9020 3285 1008834 GGTGGTGTGCGCATGTAG N/A N/A 9004 9021 3286 1008835 TGGTGGTGTGCGCATGTA N/A N/A 9005 9022 3287 1008836 TACTGTTTCGACCTCTGA N/A N/A 45744 45761 3288 1008837 TTACTGTTTCGACCTCTG 891 908 45745 45762 3289 1008838 GTTACTGTTTCGACCTCT 892 909 45746 45763 3290

Example 12: Design of 4-10-6 MOE Gapmers with Mixed Internucleoside Linkages Complementary to Human ATXN2 RNA

Modified oligonucleotides complementary to a human ATXN2 nucleic acid were designed. The modified oligonucleotides in the table below are 4-10-6 MOE gapmers. The gapmers are 20 nucleobases in length, wherein the central gap segment comprises eight 2′-deoxynucleosides and is flanked by wing segments on both the 5′ end and on the 3′ end comprising five 2′-MOE nucleosides. The sugar motif for the gapmers is (from 5′ to 3′): eeeeddddddddddeeeeee; wherein ‘d’ represents a 2′-deoxyribose sugar and ‘e’ represents a 2′-MOE modified sugar. The internucleoside linkages are mixed phosphodiester and phosphorothioate linkages. The internucleoside linkage motif for the gapmers is (from 5′ to 3′): sooossssssssssoooss; wherein ‘o’ represents a phosphodiester internucleoside linkage and ‘s’ represents a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage. Each cytosine residue is a 5-methyl cytosine. “Start Site” indicates the 5′-most nucleoside to which the gapmer is complementary in the human nucleic acid sequence. “Stop Site” indicates the 3′-most nucleoside to which the gapmer is complementary in the human nucleic acid sequence.

Each modified oligonucleotide listed in the table below is complementary to human ATXN2 nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2, as indicated. ‘N/A’ indicates that the modified oligonucleotide is not complementary to that particular nucleic acid with 100% complementarity.

TABLE 69 4-10-6 MOE gapmers with mixed internucleoside linkages complementary to human ATXN2 RNA SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 1 NO: 2 NO: 2 Compound Sequence Start Stop Start Stop SEQ ID Number (5′ to 3′) Site Site Site Site NO: 1008839 CTTAGAGTTTTTGCCTTCCA N/A N/A 9931 9950 3087 1008840 GCTTAGAGTTTTTGCCTTCC N/A N/A 9932 9951 2177 1008841 AGCTTAGAGTTTTTGCCTTC N/A N/A 9933 9952 3164 1008842 CGTATGTTTGTCTGTCTTAT N/A N/A 33816 33835 2262 1008843 TGTACTTCACATTTGGAGCC 991 1010 48690 48709 1185 1008844 ACTTTTCTCATGTGCGGCAT 1079 1098 49253 49272 1561 1008846 TCTGTACTTTTCTCATGTGC 1084 1103 49258 49277 2544 1008847 TTCTCTATTTCTTTGTCCAG 1649 1668 83260 83279 804 1008848 ACACAGTTTCACTAGGTTCT N/A N/A 57472 57491 2503 1008849 TGGTGGTGTGCGCATGTAGA N/A N/A 9003 9022 1800 1008850 GTTACTGTTTCGACCTCTGA N/A N/A 45744 45763 3291 1008851 TGGATTCTGTACTTTTCTCA 1089 1108 49263 49282 3235 1008853 CTCTCCATTATTTCTTCACG 1123 1142 49297 49316 33 1008855 CCTATCATCATTTTCCAGGG 1538 1557 81698 81717 158 1008856 ACTTCTCTATTTCTTTGTCC 1651 1670 83262 83281 172 1008857 GTGATGTTTCATTGGGTTTA 2460 2479 91730 91749 1188

Example 13: Tolerability of Modified Oligonucleotides Complementary to Human ATXN2 RNA in Wild-Type Mice, 3 Hour FOB Assessment

Modified oligonucleotides described above were tested in wild-type mice to assess the tolerability of the oligonucleotides. Comparator oligonucleotides 564122, 564127, 564133, 564143, 564150, 564188, 564210, 564216, described hereinabove and in WO 2015/143246, were also tested. Wild type C57/B16 mice each received a single ICV dose of 700 μg of modified oligonucleotide listed in the table below. Each treatment group consisted of 4 mice. A group of 3 mice received PBS as a negative control for each experiment (identified in separate tables below). At 3 hours post-injection, mice were evaluated according to 7 different criteria. The criteria are (1) the mouse was bright, alert, and responsive; (2) the mouse was standing or hunched without stimuli; (3) the mouse showed any movement without stimuli; (4) the mouse demonstrated forward movement after it was lifted; (5) the mouse demonstrated any movement after it was lifted; (6) the mouse responded to tail pinching; (7) regular breathing. For each of the 7 criteria, a mouse was given a subscore of 0 if it met the criteria and 1 if it did not (the functional observational battery score or FOB). After all 7 criteria were evaluated, the scores were summed for each mouse and averaged within each treatment group. Results are presented as the average score for each treatment group in the tables below.

TABLE 70 Tolerability scores in wild-type mice Compound Number 3 hr FOB 564122 7.00 564127 7.00 564133 7.00 564143 7.00 564150 7.00 564188 7.00 564210 7.00 564216 7.00

TABLE 71 Tolerability scores in wild-type mice Compound Number 3 hr FOB 708151 0 757066 3.00 760782 6.00 708154 5.25 757052 5.50 755233 4.00 702063 5.75 755235 5.25 756978 3.75 757130 4.00 757162 6.00 757089 3.75 757210 6.25 760771 4.00 708199 6.75 757055 3.25 757234 6.00

TABLE 72 Tolerability scores in wild-type mice Compound Number 3 hr FOB 874211 2.00 874251 3.00 874216 5.00 874217 3.75 874280 4.50 874249 6.50 874282 4.50 874212 2.25 874279 6.25 874288 6.00 874281 4.50 874327 5.00 874388 1.00 874384 4.50 874246 0.25 874247 0 874250 6.75 874277 7.00 874283 7.00 874334 5.00 874335 6.25 874385 4.50

TABLE 73 Tolerability scores in wild-type mice Compound Number 3 hr FOB 874771 6.25 874754 0 874702 1.00 874745 2.50 874748 5.25 874752 3.00 874753 2.00 874501 0 874503 6.00 874669 0 874706 5.00 874738 5.25 874782 5.00

TABLE 74 Tolerability scores in wild-type mice Compound Number 3 hr FOB 874785 2.00 874842 6.25 875389 4.50 875148 3.00 874939 5.25 875032 3.25 875328 6.50 875319 2.25 875341 2.25 875252 0 874969 6.00 875346 1.00 875347 0 874792 2.75 875360 2.50 874874 7.00 874903 5.00 874937 0 875063 3.50 875315 5.50

TABLE 75 Tolerability scores in wild-type mice Compound Number 3 hr FOB 875485 3.50 875680 6.00 875650 3.75 875804 2.00 875764 4.00 875427 6.25 875966 0 875803 2.25 875477 4.00 875799 4.00 875807 3.00 875822 4.00 875398 6.50 875452 2.50

TABLE 76 Tolerability scores in wild-type mice Compound Number 3 hr FOB 937471 4.00 937481 3.00 937480 1.00 937508 4.00 937468 3.00 937467 1.00 937456 0.75 937509 2.00 937383 2.00 937385 3.50 937424 6.00 937422 6.50 937478 6.00 937423 6.25 937437 0.25 937477 6.00 937436 0 937421 5.50 937465 3.75 937469 2.50 937470 3.50 937365 0

TABLE 77 Tolerability scores in wild-type mice Compound Number 3 hr FOB 937680 4.00 937639 0 937794 3.00 937792 0 937547 0 937739 3.75 937633 2.00 937754 4.00 937620 3.00 937611 0 937725 0 937795 4.75 937579 1.00 937591 6.00 937510 0 937572 0 937511 1.00 937738 3.00 937593 3.75 937592 4.50 937748 4.50 937578 0 937618 0 937619 0

TABLE 78 Tolerability scores in wild-type mice Compound Number 3 hr FOB 937936 4.00 937939 4.00 937989 0 937938 6.00 937934 1.00 938163 0 937796 0 937987 3.00 938004 1.00 937991 0 938174 0 938173 0 938237 4.00 937983 0 937940 6.50 937942 5.00 937972 2.50 938170 0 938172 0 938221 0 937973 4.50 938043 1.00 938136 3.00 938210 2.00

TABLE 79 Tolerability scores in wild-type mice Compound Number 3 hr FOB 874430 4.50 874554 4.00 874639 4.00 874272 4.00 874952 4.00 875348 1.00 874548 4.00 875060 2.00 874627 2.00 874560 2.25 874506 1.75 874610 3.50 874541 4.00 874699 1.00 875880 6.00 875798 0 875445 5.50 875404 3.00 874415 3.25 875831 0 875914 5.25 875351 6.00 875879 3.50 874273 6.25 875458 6.50 875733 6.50 875991 6.00

TABLE 80 Tolerability scores in wild-type mice Compound Number 3 hr FOB 874218 1.00 756993 1.00 756994 1.00 708202 2.00 757072 1.00 757073 1.00 756996 1.00 757021 2.25 708201 3.00 756997 0 874213 1.00 757074 1.00 708203 2.50 708152 4.50 708153 4.50 756992 6.00 874215 5.00 708200 7.00 757075 4.50 756959 4.25 1008838 6.00

TABLE 81 Tolerability scores in wild-type mice Compound Number 3 hr FOB 874239 1.00 874252 1.00 874219 1.25 874237 1.00 874221 2.25 1008793 1.00 1008792 3.25 1008794 3.50 937364 6.25 1008795 5.50 1008796 5.50 1008797 3.25 874236 4.75 874238 3.75 875033 4.25 937472 5.00 937473 4.00 1008791 6.00 937361 5.00 874549 6.50

TABLE 82 Tolerability scores in wild-type mice Compound Number 3 hr FOB 1008806 2.50 1008800 0 1008811 0 1008817 2.00 1008810 1.00 1008803 2.50 1008805 1.00 1008804 0 1008802 0.50 1008799 1.25 1008798 4.75 1008801 3.50 1008807 5.25 1008808 3.75 1008809 3.50 1008813 7.00 1008812 6.00 1008814 6.50 1008815 6.00 1008816 4.00

TABLE 83 Tolerability scores in wild-type mice Compound Number 3 hr FOB 1008819 1.00 1008829 1.00 1008830 1.00 1008825 0 1008818 1.75 1008824 1.00 1008822 1.00 1008831 0 1008832 2.00 1008821 1.50 1008823 1.00 1008820 4.50 1008826 3.25 1008827 5.00 1008828 3.50 1008836 4.75 1008837 6.00 1008834 7.00 1008833 6.75 1008835 6.25

TABLE 84 Tolerability scores in wild-type mice Compound Number 3 hr FOB 1008854 1.00 1008845 1.75 1008852 2.00 1008853 3.00 1008844 2.50 1008851 3.50 1008856 0 1008855 1.75 1008786 5.50 1008790 6.50 1008846 0 1008843 1.00 937793 1.00 1008787 6.00 1008848 0 1008789 6.00 1008788 4.00 1008847 4.00 1008839 5.50 1008840 4.00 1008841 4.00 1008842 4.00 1008857 6.00 1008850 6.50 1008849 6.75

TABLE 85 Tolerability scores in wild-type mice Compound Number 3 hr FOB 1008870 1.00 1008862 2.50 1008874 1.25 1008865 1.00 1008872 2.00 1008871 1.00 1008875 1.25 1008867 1.00 1008863 6.50 1008864 5.50 1008873 5.50 1008866 4.00 1008858 4.50 1008859 5.00 1008860 5.00 1008861 6.75 1008877 6.00 1008876 4.00 1008869 5.00 1008868 7

TABLE 86 Tolerability scores in wild-type mice Compound Number 3 hr FOB 1008888 1.00 1008889 0.75 1008881 1.00 1008884 2.00 1008890 3.50 1008887 1.00 1008882 1.00 1008879 5.75 1008880 5.25 1008885 4.75 1008886 4.00 1008895 5.50 1008896 6.00 1008897 5.75 1008878 6.25 1008883 6.50 1008891 5.50 1008892 7.00 1008893 7.00 1008894 6.25

TABLE 87 Tolerability scores in wild-type mice Compound Number 3 hr FOB 1008910 0 1008899 1.00 1008901 0 1008908 3.00 1008911 1.00 1008902 0 1008915 2.00 1008900 0 1008909 3.00 1008905 3.00 1008916 4.00 1008917 4.00 1008898 3.50 1008903 4.00 1008912 4.75 1008913 4.00 1008914 4.75 1008904 4.00 1008906 4.50 1008907 6.25

Example 14: Tolerability of Modified Oligonucleotides Complementary to Human ATXN2 RNA in Wild-Type Rats, FOB Assessment

Modified oligonucleotides described above were tested in Sprague Dawley rats to assess the tolerability of the oligonucleotides. Sprague Dawley rats each received a single intrathecal (IT) dose of 3 mg of oligonucleotide listed in the table below. Each treatment group consisted of 4 rats. A group of 4 rats received PBS as a negative control for each experiment (identified in separate tables below). At 3 hours post-injection, movement of 7 different parts of the body were evaluated for each rat. The 7 body parts are (1) the rat's tail; (2) the rat's posterior posture; (3) the rat's hind limbs; (4) the rat's hind paws; (5) the rat's forepaws; (6) the rat's anterior posture; (7) the rat's head. For each of the 7 different body parts, each rat was given a subscore of 0 if the body part was moving or 1 if the body part was not moving (the functional observational battery score or FOB). After all 7 criteria were evaluated, the scores were summed for each rat and averaged within each treatment group. The results are presented in the tables below.

TABLE 88 Tolerability scores in wild-type rats Compound 3 hr Number FOB 708151 2.00 708154 3.00 755235 3.00 756978 3.00 757130 3.75 757089 2.00

TABLE 89 Tolerability scores in wild-type rats Compound 3 hr Number FOB 874211 2.25 874251 3.50 874754 1.50 874745 3.00 874785 1.00 874212 2.75 875148 2.50 875032 2.00 874753 3.50 875319 2.25 875341 1.00 875252 1.00 875485 1.75 874388 1.75 875346 1.25 875347 1.00 874792 2.00 875360 3.25 875477 4.00

TABLE 90 Tolerability scores in wild-type rats Compound 3 hr Number FOB 875650 4.00 875804 1.75 875764 2.00 875966 0.25 875803 1.50 875799 4.00 875807 1.50 875822 3.75

TABLE 91 Tolerability scores in wild-type rats Compound 3 hr Number FOB 937481 3.00 937480 1.25 937508 5.25 937468 2.50 937467 3.00 937456 2.50 937383 1.00 937385 2.75 937437 1.25 937436 2.25

TABLE 92 Tolerability scores in wild-type rats Compound 3 hr Number FOB 937680 4.25 937639 1.00 937547 0 937739 3.00 937633 3.00 937611 1.00 937725 0.75 937579 2.00 937510 0 937572 0.50 937511 0.75 937738 4.25 937593 2.00 937592 4.00  937748* 3.67 937578 1.75 937618 0.50 937619 1.75 *This treatment group included 3 rats

TABLE 93 Tolerability scores in wild-type rats Compound 3 hr Number FOB 874218 2.00 756993 2.75 756994 2.75 874239 1.75 708202 2.75 757072 1.50 757073 2.50 874252 1.75 756996 0.75 757021 4.25 874219 3.00 708201 3.75 874237 2.25 756997 0..05 874213 1.00 874221 3.00 757074 1.50 708203 3.00

TABLE 94 Tolerability scores in wild-type rats Compound 3 hr Number FOB 1008806 1.50 1008800 0 1008819 2.00 1008829 1.50 1008811 0 1008830 0.25 1008825 0 1008817 0.75 1008810 0 1008818 2.00

TABLE 95 Tolerability scores in wild-type rats Compound 3 hr Number FOB 1008862 0.75 1008854 2.25 1008845 2.00 1008852 3.00 1008853 1.75 1008844 1.50 1008851 3.00 1008856 0.50 1008855 1.00 1008846 1.00 1008843 2.50 937793 1.00 1008848 1.25

TABLE 96 Tolerability scores in wild-type rats Compound 3 hr Number FOB 1008870 1.25 1008874 3.00 1008865 1.50 1008888 1.00 1008889 1.00 1008872 2.50 1008871 1.00 1008875 1.75 1008881 2.25 1008884 3.00 1008887 1.25 1008882 2.75 1008867 2.50

TABLE 97 Tolerability scores in wild-type rats Compound 3 hr Number FOB 1008910 2.25 1008899 2.50 1008901 2.00 1008908 2.00 1008911 2.75 1008902 2.75 1008890 3.25 1008915 2.25 1008900 2.00 1008909 3.00 1008905 3.25

Example 15: Activity of Modified Oligonucleotides Complementary to Human ATXN2 RNA in Transgenic Mice

Modified oligonucleotides described above were tested in the BAC-ATXN2-Q22 transgenic mouse model which was generated by using a 169 kb human BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome), RP11-798L5, that contained the entire 150 kb human ATXN2 locus with 22 CAG repeats in the coding sequence, 16 kb of the 5′ flanking genomic sequence, and 3 kb of the 3′ flanking genomic sequence (Dansithong et al., PLoS Genetics, 2015).

The hATXN2 mice were divided into groups of 3-4 mice each. Two groups were tested with each compound. hATXN2 mice each received a single intracerebroventricular (ICV) dose of 350 μg of modified oligonucleotide. The PBS-injected group served as the control group to which oligonucleotide-treated groups were compared. After two weeks, mice were sacrificed and RNA was extracted from cortical brain tissue and spinal cord for real-time PCR analysis of measurement of RNA expression of human ATXN2 using primer probe set hAtaxin_LTS01321, described in Example 1 above. Results are presented as percent ATXN2 RNA expression relative to PBS control, normalized to GADPH. As shown in the table below, treatment with modified oligonucleotides resulted in significant of ATXN2 RNA in comparison to the PBS control.

TABLE 98 Reduction of human ATXN2 RNA in transgenic mice ATXN2 Expression (% control) Compound Spinal Number Cord Cortex 702063 17 34 708151 19 33 755233 16 31 755235 8 25 760771 85 87 760782 13 22

TABLE 99 Reduction of human ATXN2 RNA in transgenic mice ATXN2 Expression (% control) Compound Spinal Number Cord Cortex 708154 14 14 756978 35 46 757052 15 19 757066 16 15 757089 38 61 757130 42 53 757162 57 60 757210 66 75 874211 23 37 874212 49 52 874251 20 19 874388 71 75 874745 41 43 874753 54 60 874754 42 38 874785 49 48 874792 75 84 875032 58 58 875148 57 53 875252 61 67 875319 58 63

TABLE 100 Reduction of human ATXN2 RNA in transgenic mice ATXN2 Expression (% control) Compound Spinal Number Cord Cortex 874217 19 29 874279 53 52 874280 34 34 874281 68 62 874282 55 50 874702 46 41 874752 65 53 875341 66 67 875346 86 79 875347 74 81 875360 88 90 875477 89 94 875485 66 74 875650 77 76 875764 83 78 875799 100 100 875803 84 87 875804 88 78 875807 102 107 875822 109 108 875966 77 80

TABLE 101 Reduction of human ATXN2 RNA in transgenic mice ATXN2 Expression (% control) Compound Spinal Number Cord Cortex 874216 16 28 874249 30 40 874272 50 51 874288 48 57 874327 65 69 874384 71 78 874415 84 99 874430 19 35 874506 49 63 874541 48 75 874548 42 58 874554 32 36 874560 45 62 874610 58 65 874627 50 60 874639 39 39 874699 63 79 874748 42 44 874771 31 33 874842 45 50 874939 54 56 874952 56 54 874969 60 69 875060 60 59 875328 54 58 875348 54 58 875389 60 52 875427 70 78 875680 65 75

TABLE 102 Reduction of human ATXN2 RNA in transgenic mice ATXN2 Expression (% control) Compound Spinal Number Cord Cortex 875351 93 110 875404 86 97 875445 87 95 875798 73 90 875831 87 101 875879 95 111 875880 75 90 875914 94 104 937383 64 81 937385 72 82 937422 59 83 937423 67 92 937424 69 83 937436 74 105 937437 71 92 937456 58 77 937467 53 77 937468 47 76 937471 40 43 937477 75 97 937478 65 92 937480 48 64 937481 49 57 937508 56 66 937509 71 81 937510 56 63 937511 52 72 937547 44 47 937572 51 70 937578 69 99 937579 41 60 937591 58 63 937592 64 83

TABLE 103 Reduction of human ATXN2 RNA in transgenic mice ATXN2 Expression (% control) Compound Spinal Number Cord Cortex 937593 57 74 937611 50 57 937620 56 55 937633 50 54 937639 41 44 937680 43 42 937725 53 57 937738 65 73 937739 60 53 937748 75 89 937754 41 54 937792 37 46 937794 45 45 937795 53 58 937796 64 76 937934 68 72 937936 51 52 937938 56 65 937939 50 61 937940 69 86 937942 68 87 937972 71 87 937973 74 93 937983 61 84 937987 62 76 937989 47 63 937991 62 78 938004 61 77 938043 77 94 938136 80 98 938163 59 73 938170 77 88 938172 78 89 938173 67 81 938174 67 79 938210 94 110 938221 78 92 938237 72 83

TABLE 104 Reduction of human ATXN2 RNA in transgenic mice ATXN2 Expression (% control) Compound Spinal Number Cord Cortex 1008786 36 28 1008787 56 53 1008788 71 66 1008789 62 58 1008790 43 39 1008799 49 54 1008802 50 51 1008803 50 39 1008804 51 49 1008805 46 42 1008810 35 32 1008811 32 25 1008817 33 31 1008818 27 33 1008819 9 9 1008821 48 48 1008822 56 40 1008823 65 60 1008824 41 40 1008825 34 30 1008829 35 24 1008830 26 26 1008831 48 46 1008832 40 46 1008800 22 25 1008806 18 26

TABLE 105 Reduction of human ATXN2 RNA in transgenic mice ATXN2 Expression (% control) Compound Spinal Number Cord Cortex 708201 27 30 708202 23 44 708203 46 57 756994 12 16 756996 14 13 756997 29 40 757021 15 28 757072 24 36 757073 14 19 757074 45 49 874213 33 42 874219 21 20 874221 44 47 874237 34 31 874239 23 23 874252 23 14 1008793 64 69 756993 15 23 874218 8 10

TABLE 106 Reduction of human ATXN2 RNA in transgenic mice ATXN2 Expression (% control) Compound Spinal Number Cord Cortex 937793 46 52 1008843 44 48 1008844 20 28 1008845 12 20 1008846 36 47 1008848 54 54 1008851 25 23 1008852 10 11 1008853 12 13 1008855 26 23 1008856 26 16 1008867 58 55 1008871 5 7 1008872 11 6 1008875 15 11 1008854 23 24 1008862 14 15 1008865 11 11 1008870 7 10 1008874 13 10

TABLE 107 Reduction of human ATXN2 RNA in transgenic mice ATXN2 Expression (% control) Compound Spinal Number Cord Cortex 1008881 17 20 1008882 39 46 1008884 8 11 1008887 44 36 1008890 13 14 1008899 13 18 1008900 30 46 1008901 12 31 1008902 23 31 1008905 69 72 1008908 24 27 1008909 27 50 1008911 21 24 1008915 40 42 1008888 18 14 1008889 10 12 1008910 23 23 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A modified oligonucleotide according to the following formula:

or a salt thereof.
 2. The modified oligonucleotide of claim 1, which is a sodium salt or a potassium salt of the formula.
 3. A modified oligonucleotide according to the following formula:


4. A chirally enriched population of modified oligonucleotides of claim 1, wherein the population is enriched for modified oligonucleotides comprising at least one particular phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage having a particular stereochemical configuration.
 5. The chirally enriched population of claim 4, wherein the population is enriched for modified oligonucleotides comprising at least one particular phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage having the (Sp) configuration.
 6. The chirally enriched population of claim 4, wherein the population is enriched for modified oligonucleotides comprising at least one particular phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage having the (Rp) configuration.
 7. The chirally enriched population of claim 4, wherein the population is enriched for modified oligonucleotides having a particular, independently selected stereochemical configuration at each phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage.
 8. The chirally enriched population of claim 7, wherein the population is enriched for modified oligonucleotides having the (Sp) configuration at each phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage.
 9. The chirally enriched population of claim 7, wherein the population is enriched for modified oligonucleotides having the (Rp) configuration at each phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage.
 10. The chirally enriched population of claim 4, wherein the population is enriched for modified oligonucleotides having at least 3 contiguous phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages in the Sp-Sp-Rp configuration, in the 5′ to 3′ direction.
 11. A population of modified oligonucleotides of claim 1, wherein all of the phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages of the modified oligonucleotide are stereorandom.
 12. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the modified oligonucleotide of claim 1, and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.
 13. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 12, comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable diluent is phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF).
 14. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 12, wherein the pharmaceutical composition consists essentially of the modified oligonucleotide and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF).
 15. An oligomeric compound comprising a modified oligonucleotide according to the following formula: T_(es)G_(eo)G_(eo)A_(eo)T_(eo)T_(eo) ^(m)C_(ds)T_(ds)G_(ds)T_(ds)A_(ds) ^(m)C_(ds)T_(ds)T_(ds)T_(ds)T_(ds) ^(m)C_(eo)T_(es) ^(m)C_(es) A_(e) (SEQ ID NO: 3235); wherein, A=an adenine nucleobase, ^(m)C=a 5′-methyl cytosine nucleobase, G=a guanine nucleobase, T=a thymine nucleobase, e=a 2′-MOE modified sugar, d=a 2′-deoxyribose sugar, s=a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage, and o=a phosphodiester internucleoside linkage.
 16. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the chirally enriched population of modified oligonucleotides of claim 4, and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.
 17. The oligomeric compound of claim 15, wherein the modified oligonucleotide is covalently linked to a conjugate group.
 18. An oligomeric duplex comprising the modified oligonucleotide of claim
 1. 19. An oligomeric duplex comprising the oligomeric compound of claim
 15. 20. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the oligomeric compound of claim 15 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
 21. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 20, comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable diluent is phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF).
 22. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 20, wherein the pharmaceutical composition consists essentially of the oligomeric compound and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF).
 23. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the oligomeric compound of claim 17 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
 24. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 23, comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable diluent is phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF).
 25. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 23, wherein the pharmaceutical composition consists essentially of the oligomeric compound and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF).
 26. The chirally enriched population of claim 7, wherein the population is enriched for modified oligonucleotides having the (Rp) configuration at one particular phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage and the (Sp) configuration at each of the remaining phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages.
 27. The modified oligonucleotide of claim 1, which is a potassium salt of the formula.
 28. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the modified oligonucleotide of claim 3 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
 29. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 28, comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable diluent is phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF).
 30. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 28, wherein the pharmaceutical composition consists essentially of the modified oligonucleotide and phosphate-buffered saline (PBC) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF).
 31. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the modified oligonucleotide of claim 27 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
 32. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 31, comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable diluent is phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF).
 33. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 31, wherein the pharmaceutical composition consists essentially of the oligomeric compound and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF).
 34. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the oligomeric duplex of claim 18 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
 35. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 34, comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable diluent is phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF).
 36. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 34, wherein the pharmaceutical composition consists essentially of the oligomeric duplex and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). 